League of Nations

The League of Nations (LoN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked with promoting international cooperation as well as creating and maintaining international order. It was established after the Second Great War with the aim of preventing future wars, replacing an earlier system of ad hoc diplomatic congresses and summits. It is headquartered in Alba Concordia, a city and territory under the sovereignty of the League. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law. The League of Nations is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and is one of the most powerful intergovernmental organizations in the world.

The League of Nations maintains a small defense force for the city of Alba Concordia in addition to a standing multinational-rotational peacekeeping force. The League of Nations Security Council, comprised of three permanent members and two rotating members, is responsible for enforcing the resolutions passed by the League of Nations General Assembly when necessary. The League is under the administrative oversight of the Provost-General of the League of Nations, who appoints officials and organizes the League's different departments and agencies.

Background
The foundation and precedent for the league was developed gradually throughout the 19th century. While no permanent standing organization representing some or most nations was created, international incidents began to be solved by multi-national congresses. These congresses were often informal meetings of diplomats in the months proceeding the adoption of formal treaties and allowed for some flexibility in solving crises as necessary. These congresses were often employed to resolve territorial disputes between nations or to determine the future of a particular region. Several congresses were held at Electorsbourg and the most notable congress of the period brought the First Fratricide to a conclusion. Congresses were not universally accepted; King Aedanicus VIII refused to submit the matter of Carolina to a congress in 1845, instead opting to continue to prosecute the Third Caroline War, which came to a conclusion in his favor in 1848. The congress system began a slow decline in the 1910s before fully collapsing in the 1920s. International congresses were unable to resolve disputes between Caphiria and its neighbors, and were additionally unable to reduce tension in the Kingdom of Dericania. The failure of the system lead to the Second Great War which began in 1934.

In the last years of the Second Great War, it became evident that the existing method of diplomacy - bilateral negotiations - had failed. In the early 1940s, initial negotiations to end the war failed and most historians state that the war continued for three years beyond its natural conclusion having been reached had better diplomatic options existed. The great powers involved in the war were hesitant to agree peace deals they perceived as detrimental to their geopolitical standing abroad and political standing at home. As early as 1941, the problem of diplomacy being viewed as zero sum was evident to many observers. An institution designed to arbitrate disputes with a global mandate was viewed by many as a hopeful outcome of the Great War.

Multilateral negotiations - and involvement of LOTA in the Third Fratricide - eventually brought an end to the conflict, and as part of the peace agreement the initial framework for the League of Nations was set forth. Ongoing negotiations lead to the adoption of the League of Nations Charter in June of 19XX.

The Deluge
The League of Nations was criticized for expediting the course of the Deluge by enacting the Cronan Emergency Resolution, giving major powers significant war powers in northern Crona.

The Final War of the Deluge
Following the end of the war and the Fall of Anzo, the League created the League of Nations Service Medal for those who had fought under League of Nations Command against Varshan.

General Assembly
The General Assembly of the League of Nations is the primary body of the League, and consists of one Representative from each member state. Nations are admitted to or ejected from the League by a General Assembly vote after consideration by the constituent General Assembly Committee on Membership, with a simple majority required to admit a nation and a 2/3 vote to eject a nation, after which a nation's representatives are removed from the General Assembly and all other bodies of the League. A three-month suspension prior to final expulsion from the League is also required. The General Assembly is responsible for final votes on amendments to the Code of the League of Nations after submission by the Committee on Codes, as well as issuing resolutions on League territories, policy, and condemnations of individual nations or international corporations as well as any other organizational activities not covered by the other bodies of the League.

Provost-General
The Provost-General is the head of the General Assembly, and acts as its presiding officer. The Provost-General is assisted by a staff of minutes-keepers, aides, and the League of Nations Grounds Security Force. Previously, terms as Provost-General lasted for one year; as of 2019, the Code was amended to extend the term to two years. The maximum number of terms per representative is strictly limited to two consecutive terms, though nothing bars returning after a skipping a term between consecutive segments of service. Outside the General Assembly, the Provost-General is responsible for appointments to all League agencies other than the Security Council and those seats predesignated to Urcea, Kiravia, and Caphiria, covering affairs from international environmental preservation to human rights protections. Most of these are final barring a challenge in the General Assembly, with the exception of the International Justice Court, whose members are nominated by the PG and ratified by the Assembly. In the case of the Security Council, the Provost-General vetoes or approves of member selections made by the Chairperson of the Security Council.

Security Council
The League of Nations Security Council is headed by a Chairperson, who is a rotating representative from Kiravia, Caphiria, or Urcea, each of which have permanent status on the Security Council. The Chairperson nominates four rotating members from Crona/Vallos, Sarpedon proper/Australis, Levantia/Kiroborea, and Audonia/Alshar, bringing the total membership to seven delegates. The primary duty of the Security Council is to designate areas of global security risk and to delegate member states to respond to global or major regional threats. Historically, this has included preparations for a response to the Vandarch Canal Crisis prior to its resolution by regional reactions, as well as the coalition of nations which fought Varshan in the Final War of the Deluge under the auspices of the League of Nations Command in Crona.

Bureau of International Statistics
Main Article: Bureau of International Statistics

Objectives
The preamble to the League of Nations Charter includes, as the organization's purpose, that it should "serve as a testament towards a global war on war itself, and will serve both us and our posterity as it works to direct the efforts of the youth towards the practice of their own cultural and religious mores, science, and social progress, rather than towards the efforts of making war and inflicting death". Consequently, the mission of the League of Nations, as it defines itself, has been that of global cooperation towards peace. The organization initially started as a forum to prevent a second Great War and to forward the ability and rights of individual nations to pursue progress as nations themselves view it. In the intervening decades since the end of the Great War, the League has also committed itself to cooperative economic development of the developing world as well as a more aggressive posture in establishing global stability.

The League also works to preserve and uphold international law, which it defines by the Code of the League of Nations, though other treaties are often included in the body of standing international law.

Economic Development and Commerce

 * Freedom of the seas

Criticism
Some renowned international figures have criticized the League of Nations as an extension of Urcean diplomacy, or more broadly as an exclusive Occidental and colonial powers club in spite of the long-term membership and even political tenured of delegates from eastern nations such as Daxia in the offices of the League. The League of Nations is a common target of Counter-Equatorial conspiracy theories and manifestos by dictators and warlords in the third world, as well as nations diplomatically bent against Caphirian-Urcean hegemony. Additionally, the League has found a number of critics claiming it is too powerful and interferes in national affairs even as others decry it as useless and unconcerned with actual change or improvement in the world.