Olmeria

Olmeria, officially the Democratic Republic of Olmeria (Cordish: Demokratica Rendǿ Olmeria), is a island nation in the far reaching northern Continent of Kiroborea, although it is widely considered to be geopolitically closer to northern Levantia and the Ultmar region. Sitting on the north coast of the Sea of Nordska, Olmeria has no permanent land borders, but is connected to the Arctic to its north by seasonal ice for much of the year. To the south, the island of Weiss Insel (FI) can be found across the Olmerian Straights before reaching mainland Fiannria and the port city and capital of Brídhavn on the southern Nordska coast. Due west, around 2,500 km of ocean separate Olmeria from it's most culturally similar neighbour Vithinja. Between the two lies the isle of Vonein followed by the northeast coast of Caergwynn, roughly 2,000km from the Olmerian coast. To the east, little is found besides the expansive Levantine Ocean, although if travelling far enough one will eventually reach the Sea of Capelan and later the west coast of Crona.

Etymology
Olmeria (oʊl/mɪ/ri/ə˞ˈ), is a Cordish word loosely translating to "oneness" in the context of a large body of people or organisations. The origins of the word are a contentious matter for modern historians but it is widely agreed that the name stems from pre-Cordish native languages as old as 100BC. Use of the ancient word "Olne" (oʊln) picked up around the 3rd century AD and can be seen regularly in old writings by 420 AD. The words meaning however was unclear and appears to have varied wildly between the different tribes that used it, with historians best guesses suggesting it was the name for a wide range of ancient rituals, usually involving some sort of hurling of rocks. This appears to later have developed into a word describing violent collisions (presumably derived from the impact of said rocks on their target).

To complicate things, the similar sounding word "Elmne", (pronounced ɜ˞lm) came into wider usage a century or so later, with the distinct meaning of "together, as one". Linguists have long struggled to explain how such similarly sounding words developed almost simultaneously, but regardless of the reasons for the linearity, it has certainly created substantial difficulties for historians in determining the distinct origins of the current word.

The trail of both words goes cold from around 650 - 800 AD, with the next tangible evidence of the phonetically similar word "Olm" emerging soon after the turn of the 9th century. From here it's clear the word became widely used to mean "one", referencing the unity of a tribe, family or people. This slowly developed into the word "Olme" (see below) that can still be seen in modern Cordish language as the word for both "one" the numeric value and in it's other meanings.

The postfix -eria had experienced a surge in popularity from around 750 onwards, particularly amongst the warrior class, where warriors began to use the term "upheria" to describe feelings of adrenaline and hysteria associated with combat. This trend spread quickly amongst the lower class divisions affecting many existing words such as "but seemingly failed to influences the law-making classes until the mid 9th Century.

The term Olmeria itself can first be seen in in writings from the Great Chieftain Marco Reud in 856. Reud writes about the loss off "Olmeria" in the national community, seemingly referring to unity or national spirit. His use of the postfix -eria is the first such recorded example outside of soldiers and their families. Presumably Reud had picked up the trend from his men (who he was famously close to) and was attempting encapture the idea of "oneness" or "feeling of being one" by using a postfix that had become so commonly associated with such abstract concepts.

The concept of "Olmeria" was not regularly revisited over the next few centuries until it came to the official establishment of the nation sometime in XXXX. At this point, senior chieftains and intellectuals revisited Reud's work looking for inspiration from the nations history to embed into the early constitution (a fact easily noted by historians for the clear annotations in the margins of many copies of Reud's works). What they found instead was a solution to the long running debate over the name of the newly established nation, one which had been raging for almost 3 years as various historic tribes and families vied to have their titles acknowledged in the modern country (a fact which lead several early drafts of the nation name to be over 3 pages in length). The idea of "Olmeria" or "Oneness" appealed greatly to those leader and intellectuals who desperately craved a clean sheet from the simultaneously troubled, violent and stagnant early history of the land. In fact the contempary chronicler Loke Åberg (who was also a senior advisor in the Council of Chieftains) noted how "the incessant roar of conflict that have plagued these halls for so many months were, so suddenly, cut to silence by the shouts of one, junior, advisor, who cried at the topmost end of his voice that he had found the perfect solution". Little more is know about the exact events that immediately followed this but drafts of the constitution dated just a few days later began to use Olmeria in the title and text. suggesting the response was at least close to unanimously in favour of the new name.

Curiously, following the adoption of Olmeria as the nations title, the use of postfix -eria once again dropped of a cliff and is now rarely, if ever, seen in the modern Cordish language.

As for which of the early words were the true predecessors to Olmeria, there are more schools of thought than people in the country to believe them. Many Olmerian historians argue the differences in meaning between "Olne" and "Olm" were substantial enough that, despite the phonetic similarities, it's impossible for the world to have evolved so quickly, thereby discounting Olne as a legitimate predecessor. They say it's plausible that the pronunciation of "Elmne" could have lead to a rapid change in spelling over just a few centuries with little change in meaning.

However other historians argue that such a change in spelling is itself impossible, discounting "Elmne" as a legitimate predecessor. Many suggest that in the ancient world the meaning of "violent collision" would be closer than a contempary audience may imagine, given much of the religious imagery of the time focussed on worship by throwing rocks at idols to establish some sort of spiritual connection. While little is known about the old faiths to confirm this, it is plausible that the association between collision and spiritual worship allowed "Olne" to develop it's meaning faster than many other words at the time. Others suggest there was a reference to a senior deity as "The Great One" or similar, once again associating the two concepts. This is, however, contradicted heavily by the fact use of the word Olme to mean the numerical value one was not predominant in its early use, or in fact until much later in the 2nd millennia.

Yet more historians are on the fence, claiming that the phonetics, meaning and spelling of both origins combined to eventually result in the world "Olm". They claim the lack of recordings from the time suggest a literacy rate so low that any level of meaningful change in the language would almost certainly be passed on verbally, suggesting the similarly sounding words could have become confused with each other, with the resulting term adopting the phonetically logical spelling "Olne" along with the unified meaning. Historians in this category still hold widely split views on what proportion of influence each word held over the final meaning.

Some historians even argue that both words died out and were replaced by the new one with purely coincidental similarities, fabricated largely by historians in an attempt to explain the etymology more comprehensively.

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Government and Politics
Olmeria is a Unicameral Democratic Republic, divided into the executive Council of Chiefs (presided over by the President of Olmeria), and legislative body The People's Senate. The nation is split into 200 Multi-Member Constituencies which elect representatives according to the STV voting system. Olmeria also has 132 administrative districts managed by local councils, in addition to 4 metropolitan zones. General elections are held after every set 4 year term to elect the Senate and President, while local elections are held annually (excluding General Election years) with 1/3 of councillors up for election each time.

The President
Main Article: The President of Olmeria

The democratically elected post of President of Olmeria combines the traditional roles and duties of both the Head of State and Head of Government, meaning the President is responsible for a combination of executive legislative decisions and ceremonial and diplomatic representation of the nation. The president is elected concordantly with the lower legislative body as the leader and representative of a certain political party.

While the president can be deemed the highest power in the state, in accordance with the 2nd Olmerian Constitution the power of the President is fully accountable to veto by the Council of Chiefs and legislative chambers by a series of constitutional safeguards. Any one President is limited to a maximum of four consecutive terms in office and a total of 6 in their lifetime.

Olmeria has had a total of XX Presidents since the post was adopted in XXXX. The current President of Olmeria is Këil Frieden.

The Council of Chiefs
Main Article: Council of Chiefs

Specific government departments within Olmeria are headed up by traditionally entitled "Chiefs", responsible for making up the bulk of a government and coordinating government policy within their area. 20 of these Chiefs are appointed form a cabinet like Council which advises the president on matters of significance. Of these 20, 15 are appointed directly by the current president from elected representatives in The People's Senate, almost always from their party. This includes the Great Chieftain who fulfils a vice president type role as chair of the Council in the presidents absence and second in command of the nation. The Council also includes 4 specialist advisors on Military, Industry, Health and Finance who are unelected and not bound by a presidents term limit. These individuals are selected from the top of various government departments or relevant organisations based on their expertise and fulfil an entirely advisory role to the president and Chiefs of their respective department. The final position on the Council is filled by the Olmerian Ambassador to the League of Nations, a senior diplomat appointed by promotion within the Foreign Affairs government department.

The People's Senate
Main Article: The People's Senate

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Olmeria

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