Pelaxia

Pelaxia [pelaheea], officially the Federal Republic of Pelaxia, is a nation in the north west of Sarpedon. Pelaxia is located in Western Sarpedon It shares its northern borders with Cartadania, borders Caphiria at the East and shares its southern border with Aciria. Its coast rests on the Kindred Sea. In 2025 a series of unpopular socio-economic measures promoted by the recent right-wing government led to a popular uprising. This would be known as the Pelaxian Revolution.

With an area of 1,527,989 square kilometres, Pelaxia is the seventh largest country by area. Pelaxia is the flattest, and most humid inhabited valley, with the most fertile soil in the continent. It is a megadiverse country, and its latitude gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with tropical rainforests in the north-west, subtropical plains in the centre and south, and steppes with mountain ranges in the west.

Politically, Pelaxia is a federal parliamentary republic, comprising 29 provinces, autonomous communities and territories. Pelaxia's population of nearly 220 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the western seaboard.Albalitor is the nation's capital, while the largest cities are Villa Delfia, Agrila, Montia, Jojoba, and Jazmín. Pelaxia's abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade relations are crucial to the country's economy, which generates its income from various sources including services, crude oil exports, banking, manufacturing, agriculture and international education.

Anatomically modern humans first arrived in the Pelaxia Valley around 42,000 years ago. The first cultures and peoples that developed in current Pelaxian territory were Pre-Caphirian peoples such as the ancient Cognatish. Later, foreign Sarpedonian peoples such as the Kosalis developed coastal trading colonies. From the year 218 BCE, with the taking of the city of Augurias, the Caphirian colonization of Pelaxia began and, they quickly controlled the territory of present-day Pelaxia. The Caphirians had driven the Kosalis out of the valle by 206 BCE, and divided it into two administrative provinces. The Caphirians laid the foundations for modern Pelaxian culture and identity, and was the birthplace of important Caphirian generals.

Pelaxia is a highly developed country with a high-income economy; it has the world's thirteenth-largest economy, twelveth-highest per capita income and twentyfifth-highest Human Development Index. Pelaxia is a regional power, and has the world's thirteenth-highest military expenditure. Pelaxia ranks highly in quality of life, democracy, health, education, civil liberties, safety, and political rights, with all its major cities faring exceptionally in global comparative livability surveys.

It is a member of international groupings including the League of Nations, the E4, and the Vila Real Accords. Pelaxia maintains the "Pelaxian welfare model" with comprehensive social security system, and its values are rooted in egalitarian and marxist ideals. The Pelaxian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, seafood, and fresh water. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). On a per-capita basis, Pelaxia is Sarpedon's largest producer of oil and natural gas.

Pelaxian art, music, literature and cuisine have been influential worldwide, particularly in Northern Sarpedon. As a reflection of its large cultural wealth, Pelaxia has the world's fourth-largest number of World Heritage Sites and is the world's fifth-most visited country.

Etymolgy
"Pelaxia" derives from the latin word "Pelagia", which "pertains to the open sea", in reference to the Kindred Sea where the Pelaxian Coast lies.

History
See also:History of Pelaxia

The history of Pelaxia dates to the Antiquity when the pre-Caphirian peoples of the Kindred coast of the Pelaxian Valley made contact with the Kosalis and the first writing systems known as Paleopelaxian scripts were developed. In 1685, Jerónimo de Garza, the Grand Duke of Agrila, unified Pelaxia as a dynastic union of disparate predecessor kingdoms ; its modern form of a republic was established in 1852. After the completion of the Union of Termia, the Crown began to explore across the Kindred Sea, expanding into Vallos and marking the beginning of the Golden Age under the Pelaxian Empire. The kingdoms of Pelaxia were brought in personal union under Garza rule in 1516. Until the 1650s, Garza Pelaxia was the one of most powerful states in Sarpedon.

During this period, Pelaxia was involved in all major Sarpedonian Wars, including the Kindred Wars. Pelaxian power declined in the latter part of the 18th century.

In the early part of the 19th century, most of the former Pelaxian Empire overseas disintegrated. A tenuous balance between liberal and conservative forces was struck in the establishment of a republic in Pelaxia; this period began in 1852 and ended in 1922. Then came the dictatorship of General Benedicto Álvaro Camargo (1922-1932). His government inaugurated a period ruled by a militarist party, the Restauración Nacional Party, up until 1957. From 1922 the country experienced rapid economic growth in the 1940s and early 1950s. With the death of Federico Pedro Olmos in November 1956 Pelaxia returned to the Federal Republic. With a fresh Constitution voted in 1958.

Geography and Climate
Pelaxia is located in Western Sarpedon It shares its northern borders with Cartadania, borders Caphiria at the East and shares its southern border with Aciria. Its coast rests on the Kindred Sea. It extends around 1,614,728 square kilometers.

Pelaxia is mostrly located in the tropics below the Equator. Its climate varies from humid low-elevation plains, where average annual temperatures range as high as 35 °C (95.0 °F), and highlands with an average yearly temperature of 8 °C (46.4 °F). Annual rainfall varies from 430 mm (16.9 in) in the tropical and subtropical centre and south to over 1,000 mm (39.4 in) in the Cazuello Delta of the far west and the Pelaxian Jungle in the north. The precipitation level is lower in the period from August through April. These periods are referred to as hot-humid and cold-dry seasons.

The country falls into four horizontal temperature zones based primarily on elevation, having tropical, dry, temperate with dry winters, and polar (alpine tundra) climates, amongst others. In the tropical zone—below 800 m (2,625 ft)—temperatures are hot, with yearly averages ranging between 26 and 28 °C (78.8 and 82.4 °F). The temperate zone ranges between 800 and 2,000 m (2,625 and 6,562 ft) with averages from 12 to 25 °C (53.6 to 77.0 °F); many of Pelaxia's cities. Colder conditions with temperatures from 9 to 11 °C (48.2 to 51.8 °F) are found in the cool zone between 2,000 and 3,000 m (6,562 and 9,843 ft), especially in the Pelaxian Picos, where pastureland and permanent snowfield with yearly averages below 8 °C (46 °F) cover land above 3,000 meters (9,843 ft) in the land.

The highest temperature recorded was 42 °C (108 °F) in Albalitor, and the lowest temperature recorded was −11 °C (12 °F), it has been reported from an uninhabited high altitude at Pico de Piedras Negras. The regions around the Pelaxian Picos has exposed an enormous amount of mineral wealth, making it accessible to mining. Cobalt, copper, cadmium, industrial and gem-quality diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, and coal are all found in plentiful supply.

The Jusonias Islands also known informally as the Jusonias, are a province and archipelago in the Kindred Sea. They are the southernmost of the provinces of Pelaxia. The 15 islands are (from largest to smallest in area) Jusonia Mayor, Nerea, Telenea, Palimede, Calipso, Calia, Rosalibán, Porix, Epimea, Narvos, Bebiona, Cebrenia, Elinda, Emporia and Sinón. The islands take its name from the ancient Loa word for "East" (Huson). In ancient times, the island chain was often referred to as "the East Isles".

Jusonia Mayor holds the largest naval base of the Pelaxian Armed Forces at Puerto Bailén.

Isla Maribel is the other oversea territory administred by Pelaxia over the Kindred Sea. It consists of half the Island Maribel, as the other half is under Acirian administration. It is the northernmost territory of Pelaxia.

Administrative Divisions
Pelaxia is divided in 19 provinces, 3 Autonomous Communities and 1 Autonomous City.

Provinces
The layout of Pelaxia's provinces closely follows the pattern of the territorial division of the country carried out in 1874. The only major change of provincial borders since that time has been the creation of the Autonomous Community of Anastasio Torque. Historically, the provinces served mainly as transmission belts for policies enacted in Albalitor, as Pelaxia was a highly centralised state for most of its modern history. The importance of the provinces has increased after the estabnlishment of the federation, giving them more autonomy over certain areas of governance. The 19 provinces are:
 * 1 Flumén
 * 2 Anilla
 * 3 Giberia
 * 4 Covarrubia
 * 5 Darro
 * 6 Soratia
 * 7 Albalitor
 * 8 Agrila
 * 9 Gramenia
 * 10 Montia
 * 11 Harenís
 * 12 Anquila
 * 14 Baza
 * 15 Huelva
 * 16 Latonia
 * 18 Lujué
 * 19 Oretania
 * 20 Islas Jusonias

Government
By its National Constitution, The Federal Republic of Pelaxia adopts for its government the structure of federal, parliamentary republic. Every province shall disctate its own Constitución with a parliamentary system in accordance with the principles, declarations and guarantees of the National Constitution.
 * Legislative: The federal legislative power institutionalized in the Federal Parliament is composed of two chambers. One chamber of deputies that represents the whole people and one chambers of senators that represents the provinces. Deputies serve for a period of 5 years while senators serve for a period of 6 years. Members of the Federal Parliament (both deputies and senators) are elected in general, direct, free, equal and secret elections. They shall be representatives of the whole people, not bound by orders or instructions, and responsible only to their conscience. The Federal Parliament shall pass legislation in accordance to the National Constitution.


 * Executive: The federal executive power is Federal Chancellor, who appoints the Prime Minister elected by Parliament. The Prime Minister is elected by the Federal Parliament until he loses the support of solely the Chamber of Deputies.The person who receives the votes of a majority of the Members of the Chamber of Deputies shall be elected and appointed. The Federal President shall appoint his/her members of the cabinet. The Federal Chancellor is elected by direct popular vote every 6 years.


 * Judicial: The judicial power is vested in the judges; it is exercised by the Federal Supreme Court of Justice, by the federal courts provided for in the National Constitution, by provincial courts and by municipal tribunals.

Political Parties
The pelaxian political system is by mandate of the National Constitution a multipartidist one. Major political parties:
 * Movimiento Social-Obrero - MSO ("Social-Labourist Movement")
 * Patrido Democrático - PD ("Democratic Party")
 * Acción Republicana Independiente - ARI (" Independent Republican Action")
 * Juntos Por Pelaxia - JXP ("Together For Pelaxia")
 * Partido Social-demócrata - PSD ("Social-Democratic Party")
 * ¡AHORA! ("NOW!")
 * Libertad y Progreso - LYP ("Liberty and Progress")
 * Coherencia Civica - CC ("Civic Coherence")
 * Liga de Defensa Nacional - LDN ("National Defense League")

Minor political parties with a provincial presence:
 * Partido de los Trabajadores Socialistas - PTS
 * Unión Católica - UC
 * Partido Independiente de Savria - PIS
 * Estrella de David - ED
 * Igualdad Socialista - ISOC
 * Tercera Vía - 3V
 * Partido Humanista de Pelaxia - PHP
 * Partido Pelaxia de la Información - PPI

Law Enforcement
Due to its federalist constitution, law enforcement in Pelaxia is vested mostly with the provinces, which is one of the main features of the pelaxian political system. Therefore, every provincial government administrates its local police force through their own ministry of security. Since the capital (Albalitor) has federal status, it also administrates its local police force.

Pelaxian Federal Police
The role of the PFP is to enforce the Federal Republic criminal law and to protect Federal and national interests from crime in Pelaxia and overseas. The PFP is Pelaxia's international law enforcement and policing representative, and the Government's chief source of advice on policing issues. The PFP exists within the portfolio of the Ministry of Security and Boundries, and the key priorities of the force are set by the Minister.

The PFP enforces Federal law and protects Federal and national interests from crime in Pelaxia and overseas. The PFP provides community policing more actively to the ACT, the Vilamarín City, Albalitor City, and around the anarcho-communist territories. The PFP provides protective security for (and on behalf of) the Pelaxian Government.

The PFP is Pelaxia's international law enforcement and policing representative, and is the chief advisor on policing issues to the Pelaxian Government. The PFP maintains an extensive international liaison network, officers are posted to 11 international posts. The PFP works closely and collaboratively with all Pelaxian police forces and criminal investigative agencies and Crime Commissions.

The PFP consists of a workforce of over 600,000. The Pelaxian Federal Police Act 1880 is the legislative base for the employment of all PFP staff. Each employee is described in the legislation as an PFP Employee, who are then declared as either a Federal agent or Police Officer(Uniform Protection Officer/Protective Service Division/Customs Service Division)

Current areas of focus for the PFP:
 * Illicit drug trafficking
 * Organised people smuggling
 * Human Trafficking, including sexual servitude and human explotation
 * Serious major fraud against the Government
 * High Tech Crime involving information technology and communications
 * Tax evasion
 * Customs and ports of entry control
 * Airport security
 * Preventing, countering and investigating terrorism
 * Transnational and multi-jurisdictional crime
 * Money laundering
 * Organised crime

Federal Civil Guard
The Pelaxian Federal Civil Guard or "The Guard" is the paramilitary corps of border guards of The Federal Republic of Pelaxia.

The Federal Guard has a strength of 350,000.The Federal Guard is primarily a frontier guard support force but also fulfils other important roles.

Non-commissioned personnel of the Guard are all volunteers and receive their training in the force's own comprehensive system of training institutions. Officers graduate after a four-year course at the National Federal Military Guard Academy. Both officers and non-commissioned personnel have access to the specialist training establishments of the Army.

The Guard was created in 1838 by The Regia, and replaced the regiments of the Army which previously fulfilled the Guard's missions. The Federal Guard was particularly tasked with providing security in isolated and sparsely populated frontier regions which had only been settled relatively recently and still do in the East Pelaxia territories. In many senses the Guard may still be considered an adjunct of the Pelaxian Army.

The Guard's mission and functions are concerned with both domestic security and national defense.

According to the Pelaxian Constitution, the armed forces cannot intervene in internal civil conflicts, so the Federal Guard is subordinate to the Ministry of Security. It is defined as a civilian "security force of a military nature". It maintains a functional relationship with the Ministry of Defense, as part of both the National Defense System and the Interior Security System. It therefore maintains capabilities arising from the demands required by joint military planning with the armed forces.

The Federal Guard's main missions are: The FMG is also used for other security missions, which include:
 * Assisting provincial and federal police services in maintaining public security.
 * Providing security for Pelaxia's borders in cooperation with the Pelaxian Federal Police.
 * Providing security for places of national strategic importance.
 * Law enforcement in all Pelaxian territory, excluding cities above 20,000 inhabitants.
 * Highway patrol.
 * Military police as part of military deployments overseas.
 * Counter drugs operations.
 * Anti-smuggling operations.
 * Coast Guard
 * Intelligence, counterterrorism and counter-intelligence gathering

Guard Special Operations Group "Pantera" is a regiment of military police/anti-terrorism unit. The usual roles are:
 * Military, common with all other airborne/special operation forces troops;
 * Law-enforcement, supporting the Federal law-enforcement units in dangerous areas (homeland security e.g. mafia investigations, violent riots) and VIP escort and security service.

Military
See also: Pelaxian Armed Forces

The Federal Chancellor of the Republic is the Commander in Chief of the Pelaxian Armed Forces (PAF). Military service in the armed forces is voluntary for every person between 18 and 45 years old. As of 2018 the military spending is around $NSD128 billion, representing 3% of the total government budget and 1.65% of the GDP.

Economy
See also:Economy of Pelaxia

Pelaxia is mostly a socialist market economy that incentives social ownership and democratic control of means of production effectively and constantly in various forms such as public, cooperative, collective ownership with the possibility of combining the three. In this sense it discourages the existence of private ownership of means of production (private property), but completely upholds and defends the right to personal property. Pelaxia mostly utilizes the market mechanism for the allocation of capital goods and the means of production although there is an edge for central or local intervention/planning.

Public Ownership: refers to property interests that are vested in the state or a public body representing a community as opposed to an individual or private party. State ownership may refer to ownership and control of any asset, industry, or enterprise at any level (national, regional, local or municipal); or to non-governmental public ownership. The Pelaxian Federal government may own partially in this sense the Banking System and several means of transportation (trains, highways) among other, while municipal and provincial jurisdictions may own and distribute lands articulately, although anarcho-communism may exist in some rural municipalities.

Cooperative: autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled business. Worker cooperatives are owned and self-managed by its workers. A cooperative enterprise may mean a firm where every worker-owner participates in decision-making in a democratic fashion, or it may refer to one in which management is elected by every worker-owner, and it can refer to a situation in which managers are considered, and treated as, workers of the firm. There are many variations of self-management. In some variants, all the worker-members manage the enterprise directly through assemblies; in other forms, workers exercise management functions indirectly through the election of specialist managers. Self-management may include worker supervision and oversight of an organization by elected bodies, the election of specialized managers, or self-directed management without any specialized managers as such. The goals of self-management are to improve performance by granting workers greater autonomy in their day-to-day operations, boosting morale, reducing alienation, and when paired with employee ownership, eliminating exploitation.

Collective Ownership: ownership of industrial assets or land by all members of a group for the benefit of all its members. It is distinguished from common ownership, which implies open-access, the holding of assets in common, and the negation of ownership.

As it was said, the state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, such as the strategic petroleum sector (PETROPEL), hydroelectric energy production (Pelcur), wind energy production(Ventura), aluminium production, and telecommunications provider (TraBel).

Pelaxia has a 18 million deadweight tonnage merchant fleet with a total of 681 vessels of different types (bulk carrier 105, cargo 42, carrier 1, chemical tanker 164, container 21, liquefied gas 28, passenger 25, passenger/cargo 154, petroleum tanker 59, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 39, specialized tanker 9, vehicle carrier 30)

Fondo de Soberanía Nacional
The FOSNA was set up in 2022 to underpin long-term considerations when phasing petroleum revenues into the Pelaxian economy

FOSNA manages the fund on behalf of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, which owns the fund on behalf of the Pelaxian people. The ministry determines the fund’s investment strategy, following advice from among others investment funds and discussions in Parliament. The management mandate defines the investment universe and the fund's strategic reference index. The ministry regularly transfers petroleum revenue to the fund. The capital is invested abroad, to avoid overheating the Pelaxian economy and to shield it from the effects of oil price fluctuations. The fund invests in international equity and fixed-income markets and real estate. The aim is to have a diversified investment mix that will give the highest possible risk-adjusted return within the guidelines set by the ministry.

The fund was set up to give the government room for manoeuvring in fiscal policy should oil prices drop or the mainland economy contract. It also served as a tool to manage the financial challenges of an ageing population and an expected drop in petroleum revenue. The fund was designed to be invested for the long term, but in a way that made it possible to draw on when required.

The fund is an integrated part of the government’s annual budget. Its capital inflow consists of all government petroleum revenue, net financial transactions related to petroleum activities, net of what is spent to balance the state’s non-oil budget deficit. This means the fund is fully integrated with the state budget and that net allocations to the fund reflect the total budget surplus, including petroleum revenue. Fiscal policy is based on the guideline that over time the structural, non-oil budget deficit shall correspond to the real return on the fund, estimated at 30 percent. The so-called spending rule, stating that no more than 30 percent of the fund over time should be spent on the annual national budget, was first established in 2015.

The FOSNA aims to make the most of its two distinguishing characteristics, its long-term approach and its considerable size, to generate strong returns and safeguard wealth for future generations. It aims to invest in a wide range of countries, companies and assets to obtain the highest possible return with moderate risk as laid down by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The fund cannot be invested in Pelaxia. The Federal Public Income Agency (AFIP) oversees deeply the functioning and capital movement from the organization to the Pelaxian Government, separately.

Demographics
With a population of around 200 million, Pelaxia shows a medium to big-sized population by Global standards. Pelaxia depicts an anual population growth rate of 1.4%. Ethnically, the residents of Pelaxia are predominantly ethnic Pelaxian who are of Latin descent.

Immigrants constituted 8% of the population by 2027. Of these 16 million immigrants:
 * 40% were Sarpedonian
 * 32% were Takattan
 * 15% were Punthi
 * 5% were Audonian
 * 5% were Cronan
 * 3% were Levantine

Religion
Pelaxia is one of the least religious countries in the world, with only 15% of the population declaring religion an important part of their daily life. Among the religious population there are followers of 90 affiliations, Roman Catholics are the most prevalent. Early Pelaxians, like Cognatis, were adherents of Cognati paganism. Later the region was gradually Christianized.In modern times, Pelaxia has seen a great decline in religiosity, at least among non-immigrant Pelaxians and most palmerians are irreligious: atheism and agnosticism are the most common metaphysical views.

Most Pelaxians do not participate regularly in weekly religious worship. A July 2025 study shows that of the Pelaxians who identify themselves as religious, 36% never attend mass, 20.8% barely ever attend mass, 19% attend mass a few times a year, 6.8% two or three times per month, 13.4% every Sunday and holidays, and 2.9% multiple times per week.

Although a majority of Pelaxians self-identify as Catholics, younger generations tend to ignore the Church's moral doctrines on issues such as pre-marital sex, homosexuality, same-sex marriage or contraception. The total number of parish priests shrank from 104,300 in 1975 to 60,500 in 2024, with an average age of 65.5 years.By contrast, many expressions of popular religiosity still thrive, often linked to local festivals.

Cinema
The Pelaxian film industry was born between 1903 and 1908 with three companies: the Sociedad Cinematográfic de Pelaxia, the Amberes Film and the Nueva Luz Film. Other companies soon followed in Montia and in Agrila. In a short time these first companies reached a fair producing quality, and films were soon sold outside Pelaxia.The Macadamia Film Festival is celebrated since 2004 in the city of Macadamia and is one of the most prestigious film festivals in Sarpedon.

Sports
The most popular sport in Pelaxia is, by far, football. The Liga Suprema is integrated by 16 teams. Other popular team sports in Pelaxia include volleyball, basketball and rugby.

Pelaxia also hosts the Pelaxian Open is a tennis tournament held annually over the last fortnight of January in Albalitor, Pelaxia. The tournament is the first Grand Slam tennis events held each year. It features men's and women's singles; men's, women's, and mixed doubles; junior's championships; and wheelchair, legends, and exhibition events. Prior to 1988 it was played on grass courts, but since then three types of hardcourt surfaces have been used at Villa Tenistica de Albalitor – green coloured Rebound Ace up to 2007, blue Plexicushion from 2008 to 2019, and blue GreenSet since 2027.

The Pelaxian Grand Prix (Pelaxian: Gran Premio de Pelaxia) is hosted annually at the Circuit de Jojoba. The race runs 307.23 km over 66 laps in a relatively arid location. The consistent climate and well-rounded circuit has led to the Circuit de Jojoba hosting pre-season testing since shortly after the track was opened in the 1991. The circuit is well balanced with a long straightaway through the start/finish line with even and predictable turns which allow drivers to extract peak performance from their vehicles. Many of the corners on the track are well-suited for overtaking which leads to highly dynamic races.

Cuisine
See Also: Cuisine of Pelaxia Pelaxian cuisine is described as a cultural blending of Vallosi and Caphirian influences, within the wide scope of tropical agricultural products that are abundant in the country. Pelaxian annual personal consumption of beef has averaged 100kg and 300kg for poultry. Social gatherings are commonly centered on sharing a meal. Invitations to have dinner at home is generally viewed as a symbol of friendship, warmth, and integration. Sunday family lunch is considered the most significant meal of the week, whose highlights often include "picadas" or “chicken and chorizo”.

The influence of Pelaxia's spice trade from Vallos is also notable, especially in the wide variety of spices used. These spices include piri piri (small, fiery chili peppers), white pepper, black pepper, saffron, paprika, clove, allspice, cumin, cinnamon and nutmeg are used in meat, fish or multiple savoury dishes from Continental Pelaxia and the Jusonian Islands. Cinnamon, vanilla, lemon zest, orange zest, aniseed, clove and allspice are used in many traditional desserts and some savoury dishes. Garlic and onions are widely used, as are herbs, such as bay leaf, parsley, oregano, thyme, mint, marjoram, rosemary and coriander being the most prevalent. Pelaxia is home to the largest consumers of rice per capita in all of Sarpedon. Rice is said to have originated from the Loa who brought along their ingredients and cooking techniques many centuries ago.

Olive oil is one of the bases of Pelaxian cuisine, which is used both for cooking and flavouring meals. This has led to a unique classification of olive oils in Pelaxia, depending on their acidity: 1.5 degrees is only for cooking with (virgin olive oil), anything lower than 1 degree is good for dousing over fish, potatoes and vegetables (extra virgin). 0.7, 0.5 or even 0.3 degrees are for those who do not enjoy the taste of olive oil at all, or who wish to use it in, say, a mayonnaise or sauce where the taste is meant to be disguised.