Calinthia

Calinthia, officially the Kingdom of Calinthia, is a country in Levantia. It is neighbored by Yonderre, Urcea, Anglei, Eldmora, and Ardmore. It is the region located within the South-Western portion of the continent of Levantia. It was founded in 1593 AD by King Joraine I. Originally the territory was known as the Western Levantine Kingdom founded in 917 AD, and was a part of the Holy Levantine Empire. In modern times Calinthia is known simply as the Kingdom of Calinthia headed by the current Queen Decia since 2016.

Etymology
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The Kingdom of Calinthia

History
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Early History
During the time period of Great Levantia, young King Galaecius I (Born 441 AD) at only 16 years of age was tasked with expanding the Empire Westwards across the riverlands. He spent the next 45 years battling against Gothic and Gaelic tribes who lived in the regions. King Galaecius I was able to expand the Empire's borders well past what was expected of him, going all the way to what was then the Western border of Gothica. By 481 AD both the regions of Gothica, and Carna fell under King Galaecius I domain. The Levantian Emperor granted King Galaecius I the title of Gothicus for his conquests, and allow him to rule over the new land as King Galaecius I of Calintia. However, King Gothicus Galaecius I and his armies faced a new threat. Due to their conquest in Grussland and Carna, Gothic barbarians from modern day Yonderre having heard of King Galaecius I began descending on the new found Kingdom of Calintia. Northern raids soon turned into a full fledged invasion, and by 492 AD, most of the Northern region of Calinthia including the modern Shimmering Forests were filled with Gothic war camps. Turning his attention North, King Galaecius I fought the Goths back to the Arathian Pass in what would be known as "The Arathian War (492-493 AD)". The Arathian War was notable for battles taking place in the Shimmering Forest as well as across the Montes Aureos mountain range. The most famous battle was that of the Battle of Arathian Pass in 493 AD. The battle saw King Galaecius I outnumbered 43 to 1 by his Gothic counterpart Will of Wandsberg who was King of the Goths in that region. Despite heavy casualties, King Galaecius I eeked out a pyrrhic victory and managed to kick the Goths out temporarily. King Galaecius I was then granted the title of Restitutor Orbis, or "Restorer of the World". 8 years later, Will of Wandsberg and his son would return to Calintia, and in a series of battles forced King Galaecius I back into the Riverlands. Gothic hordes joined forces with local Gaelic tribes and marched on the Empire's heartland. In 502 AD, Great Levantia collapsed shortly after the barbarian invasions.

The Empire of Calintia was established in 502 AD follwing the collapse of Great Levantia. Overwhelmed by barbarians both Gothic and Gaelic, Emperor Gothicus Galaecius I now age 61 created his Empire to combat the barbaric hordes alone. Emperor Galaecius I managed to retake most of Western Calintia in a series of battles that was known as "The Palantius War", Palantius being the ancient Calintian word for rivers. As the name suggests, the wars took place in the Western Calintian riverlands. The war resulted in many Gaelic and Goth barbarians dead, and a good portion of the land taken in the earlier conquests retaken (although most of the Western lands would remain permanently in Gothic hands).

Republican Period
During the mid to late 1800s, cultural and material trade increased dramatically over the century. This was a result of the Coronation of Queen Syrilla Constatine I following her father's death in 1804 which saw relations between Calinthia and Yonderre flourish. Both Yonderre and Calinthia experienced economic and cultural flourishment in what was known as "The Second Calinthian Golden Age". Ideas around philosophy and politics would spread rapidly. Despite being a woman in a male-dominated space, Queen Syrilla was hailed as "Regina per l'eternità" literally "Queen for Eternity". However, despite being a peaceful rule, Protestant extremist activities during this period increased. While a small minority, Protestants within Calinthia grew more active despite the persecution over the centuries. They began to protest and make their voice heard within public spaces. Due to the cultural changes during this time, many Catholic Calinthians believed their fellow countrymen deserved rights such as being allowed to worship freely. Many Protestant Calinthians and even Ænglish-Calinthians were allowed to hold public office and work in Calinthia. Over the century, support for the Royal Family declined, and support for a Republic grew. Queen Syrilla hearing the people's protest formalized a Constitution in 1856. The Constitution guarenteed the right to worship Christ in either Catholic or Protestant sects. It also saw the first government backed creation of Protestant Churches across Calinthia. Many hard-line Catholics protested and even rioted in the streets of the capital Aurelia, but the majority of voices were with the Protestants. Ænglo-phobia was reduced, and made illegal until 1924. Queen Syrilla would pass of old age in 1861. Her son, Randolph Constatine I would not become king as the Kingdom of Calinthia became the Republic of Calinthia in 1861, thus ending a 300 year long Constatine rule. Randolph I was rumored to be born out of wed-lock in an incestuous affair between Queen Syrilla and her Cousin Lord Rupert Constatine I, but many Monarchists deny these claims as Protestant propaganda.

After the first Great War (in which Randolph I would fight in), the Republic of Calinthia was in disarray. Over 800,000 Calinthian men had died in the war. This was out of a population of 16 million at the time of 1896. By 1903, many Calinthians began questioning the strength of the Republic and how it could so easily throw their young son's lives away. Randolph I, despite now living in Urceopolis, found himself being supported as King by a portion of the far-right Catholic political groups in the Republic. Many had desired to return to the glorious Monarchist past that had led them through so much already. Many Catholics began questioning the motives of those in charge such as Prime Minister Langford Goodwin, an ethnically Ænglish Protestant of the Protestant Left-wing party 'Anglosphere'. Ænglo-phobia was at an all time high, as a conspiracy theory known as "The Great Betrayal" was floated around political groups. A majority of the country believed that the Ænglish political arm of the Calinthian Republic purposefully caused the deaths of mostly Catholic Calinthians as to reduce Catholic support in the Republic's Senate. In 1938, after 2 decades of turmoil, protests, and riots leaving hundreds killed at the hands of police; the Republic was officially overthrown. Randolph's son, King Randolph II was crowned as king and the Kingdom of Calinthia was reborn.

Cold War Period
The Cold War period in Calinthia was tumultuous for the region. The region of Calinthia would be split in half. Western Calinthia which is predominantly Gothic formed the People's Republic of Calinthia (PRC), a one-party totalitarian dictatorship. The Eastern regions which are predominantly Latin formed the Kingdom of Calinthia. Both nations were at odds with one another and multiple minor wars were fought in Calinthia during the length of the Cold War. Most notable was the War of Eracksmarc in 1958 in which the PRC under leadership of Premier Fredrick Broncroft would launch an invasion of the Kingdom of Calinthia and take multiple Northern regions cutting off the Kingdom of Calinthia from their neighbor Yonderre. The Kingdom of Calinthia would launch a surprise counter-attack across the line of contact that resulted in a large pullback from the PRC across the River Uern. Here the PRC would build defensive lines over the course of two months with hedgehogs, minefields, anti-tank ditches, and even some concrete bunker emplacements. Two months after the beginning of the war the Kingdom of Calinthia would launch an offensive over the River Uern and despite suffering heavy casualties would push towards Yonderre, securing their trade routes. The war would ultimately end in a stalemate with both sides agreeing to the new border.

In 1996, the PRC suffered collapse after mass riots during food shortages from the 6 Year Plan implemented by Premier Johannas Arcenschaff in 1994.

Modern History
In 2016, Syrilla Constatine II would pass away. This resulted in the nation undergoing deep mourning at the sudden loss and the immediate coronation of Queen Decia Constatine I. Queen Decia while a princess was a radical and fervent supporter of the Monarchistische Arbeiterpartei (MA). She held many speeches and public gatherings with the MA discussing the future of the Monarchy and of the Kingdom of Calinthia. Primarily, her focus was on the reformation of the economy and agricultural sectors of the Calinthian government which she saw as lacking in meeting the requirements of the people. In 2016, in co-ordination with far-right political groups such as Die Volkszukunftspartei, Queen Decia formed a coalition of national socialists. This angered many of the minority Republican voices within the government who had hoped for a future Constitutional Monarchy like so many other modern nations had achieved.

Geography
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Climate and environment
Calinthia is a temperate region. However, the Northern mountainous region experiences colder climates than the Southern coastal region.

Government and Politics
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Executive and Legislative
As an Absolute Monarchy, the monarchist in charge makes all political, legislative, and military decisions. Since 1999, Queen Syrilla Constatine II is the executive decision maker and Absolute Monarch of Calinthia. However, the Republican party of Calinthia has been advocating for a Constitutional Monarchy since 1994. Despite this, the royal family has dispelled such ideas as "ludicrous" as per Queen Decia.

Federal subdivisions
There are multiple counties within Calinthia, all of which owe and have sworn allegiance to the Constatine royal family.

Politics
While Calinthia is an Absolute Monarchy, the government allows political representatives of the people to exist. These come in the form of three political parties: Kalinthische Republikanische Partei (KRP), Partito Lealista Monarchico (LM) and Partito del Movimento Nazionalista (MN). All three support the royal family and the monarchy, but view the way in which the monarchy should exist differently. The Loyalist Monarchy party (LM) support the current form of monarchy which is absolute monarchy. The Nationalist Monarchists Party (MN) supports a more Fascistic form of government headed by a monarch. Finally, the Calinthian Republican Party (KRP) supports a radical form of Constitutional Monarchy in which the monarch has less control over the population.

The vast majority of the Nationalist Monarchists Party (MN) are Protestants who view the Catholic Church as a hindrance on Calinthia. As per the party's leader Gunther Albricht, "the Catholic Church has held back the Constatine royal family for generations, as unified Calinthians it is important for us to move ahead from the old ways that failed us and to instead embrace national socialism under Protestantism". This view is steadily gaining support since the early 2000s. In 2004, polling was conducted showing party popularity experiencing a 20% increase since 1994. This makes them the second most popular political party right behind the predominantly Catholic Loyalist Monarchy Party by 28%.

The Loyalist Monarchy Party (LM) is the most popular party in Calinthia with 56% of support among the Calinthian populace. Despite being the most prominent party, they have recently been losing popularity to the Protestant Nationalist Monarchists Party (MN) who hold 40% of the support among Calinthians.

The third and by far least popular party in Calinthia is the Calinthian Republican Party (KRP) with only 4% of support from Calinthians. The main supporters of the party are Northern Calinthians who are from regions which were formerly Communist or part of the Anglei-Republic which broke off from the Calinthian government during the Calinthian Civil War.

Law
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Military
Calinthia has a long historical military tradition dating back to the time of Emperor Galaecius I. The first-born son of every Calinthian family is socially expected to serve for at least several years in the Calinthian Armed Forces. While not a requirement, most feel socially pressured into serving their time, while many more willingly volunteer their time. It's common for a single family to have multiple members serving in the military at any given time.

Demographics
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Ethnicity
The main ethnic group of Calinthia is Calinthian at 61.3%. Followed up by non-Calinthian Gothic people at 36%. Finally, there exist an Ænglish minority at 2.7%. Calinthian is described as a Latin-Gothic mix. Due to the high intermixing during the existence of the Kingdom of Calinthia, this new admixture of Latin-Gothic peoples came to be referred to simply as 'Calinthian'.

Language
Due to the Anti-Ænglei Laws of 1952, the Ænglish language is outlawed in any official capacity. Legal documents, public signs, hand-written notes, and even public speaking must be in Calinthian or Gothic. Calinthian and Gothic are the two state languages with Gothic being more prominent in the North West of the country.

Religion
Due to the Anti-Ænglei Laws of 1952, any non-Catholic or non-Protestant religions are banned. Any religious practice outside of the Catholic or Protestant churches are illegal. The laws are heavily enforced, with the punishments for breaking the law being life imprisonment to death.

Education
State-Education within Calinthia is enforced. All children age 5-16 years of age are required to attend state-funded schools. After reaching age 16, males are given the option between technical school, university, or military education. Females are given the option between home-education, or military education. University is strictly male only as women are expected to begin raising a family.

Culture and Society
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Education
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Attitudes and worldview
Calinthians are extremely devout and religious people. They attend church every Sunday, pray before eating, and wear crosses. The Catholic church plays a large role within the cultural foundations of Calinthia. Thus an attack on Catholicism is viewed as an attack on Calinthia. Many Calinthians are anti-Ænglish, and anti-Protestant. Military expansionism is seen as natural to Calinthians.

Kinship and family
Due to Catholicism playing a large role in the everyday lives of Calinthians, families are no different. The average Calinthian family has around 4 children per household. Having just one child is viewed almost as a cultural taboo. This is taken into consideration when building homes with most houses being built with 5 bedrooms.

Cuisine
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Religion
Catholicism is extremely rooted within Calinthian culture and way of life. Whether through art, language, politics, military, or even family, the impact of Catholicism is apparent.

Arts and Literature
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Sports
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Symbols
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Economy and Infrastructure
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Industries and Sectors
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Currency
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Healthcare
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Labor
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Transportation
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Energy
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Technology
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