Kingdom of the Fhainn

The Kingdom of the Fhainn was a country located in northern Levantia on the northern coast of the Vandarch Sea. It was at various points an elective, absolute, and constitutional monarchy, and was a powerful challenger to the Holy Levantine Empire's expansion into Ultmar as well as an expansionist state in its own right. After a series of financial, military, political, and cultural disasters in the late 1800s, it was destroyed in a civil war in 1909.

History
Main Article: History of Faneria

The history of the Kingdom of the Fhainn can largely be broken into the Early and Late Royal Eras. During the Early Royal Era, the Kingdom functioned as an elective monarchy, albeit with a dynastic succession enforced through blood ties, oaths of fealty, and strongarming. During the Princes' Wars, which were largely fought over succession as well as Protestant rights, this system was tested and broken; after the culmination of these, Faneria's monarchy became a hereditary position passed down by the appointment of a child or other familial heir. The Late Royal Era also includes the Constitutional reforms of 1830 which transformed Faneria into a nominally constitutional monarchy, as while significant social and political changes were permitted afterwards, the Royal Family spent the remainder of its rule attempting to claw back powers granted to the Senate and local governors and judges.

1519-1545: First Princes' War: vicars end up victorious after a few kings (Caerls Màrtainn, Bronwyn Màrtainn, Rhys Wydd-Màrtainn) worth of fighting, and for their victory they end up with the authority to elect the King similar to the HLE's collegial electorate

the king who lost the war though continues on until 1557 and then he dies and his son presses hereditary claim, and while the vicars do elect him they say "shit let's not make a habit of this" he reigns and the same thing happens on his (Cledwyn Wydd-Màrtainn) death maybe 1570 or so except the vicars refuse and the second vicarial(?) war begins

''1571-1583: Second Prince's War:  this second one is very bloody and just an overall mess, whole dynastic noble local families are wiped out, at least one king (Conan Wydd-Màrtainn, Ruaridh Sutharlan, Banrih (Queen) Cailean Suthar-Màrtainn) of fhanrrenenoit4hlwtf is killed in battle; it ends in a brokered peace; the king's election will continue, but the vicars will also be elected by local nobles, and since so many local families died, the right to appoint new local nobility reverts to the King (Donan Sutharlan-Màrtainn), who begins to solely grant lifetime peerages, i.e., no hereditary succession for the local holdings. typically he will continue to appoint from one family, but they now remain local to the crown - while the king could appoint hereditary nobility, none do because that's a stupid move, and so the local nobles (appointed by the king) begin electing as vicar basically anyone the king wants to keep their power in the family - this allows titles to be sold by the crown, too''

this system continues until the 1690s when the kings (Sean Suthar-Màrtainn) begin to realize hey, we can just buy off the still remaining hereditary local lords

External conflicts and relative stability here

''by 1760 or so something like, i don't know,  87% of eligible nobility voting for the vicar have been appointed by the king (Cywir Suthar-Màrtainn). so what you have in place is kind of a centralist monarchy with a nominal election system that is really just trading favors with prominent families''

so the Vicariate, once a powerful institution, is basically a succession rubber stamp by that 1760 date - essentially reduced from local princes to appointed governors

''This is all about on track with what I'm thinking, as by 1775 there should be no more direct ties between officers and their noble status, at least in terms of laws banning commoners or reserving positions. in practice most officers will still be educated nobles''

''in the 1850s or so there should be a pretty large reform movement saying yes, the monarchy is great, but we should expand who can vote for the vicar besides local royal appointees - every property owning male, perhaps. which obviously every royalist says no to, but this idea of a "Liberal Vicariate" basically becomes a major political fixation and for a couple years it's "yes, but what if the vicariate also had power to do X", "yes, but what if they could also do Y, have oversight of Z, etc" - The main rub being nobody could agree on exactly how to work out what the vicars or a theoretical representative government (at the time still a fringe movement) would work in particular, as you'd have constitutional monarchists mixing with radicals and even a few revanchist wanting the old vicar's crown electorate back, but the liberal vicariate idea remains the "respectable" liberal opposition idea''

''the 1860s and 70s saw a dramatic rise in lower class and middle class movements. i don't know if you're familiar with how the french revolution went down ca 1787/1788, but convening the estates general was viewed as a panacea, a solution to all problems, but consequently meant different things to different people''

''As you'd have constitutional monarchists mixing with radicals and even a few revanchist wanting the old vicar's crown electorate back. here the liberal vicariate is that idea, and a lot of self interested rich locals could say "what if we just made it like how it was in the 1500s"''

1906, one of the reformist factions finally managed to blow up the king (Ruaridh Sutharlan) and a couple key throne supporters at once, which kicked off a civil war between socialist, monarchist, and republican factions

with the republicans and socialist allying and said socialists immediately getting shanked in the back

maybe the direct reason for the bombing of the king in 1906 is

after a year and a half of major tumult, riots, etc, he finally decides to concede but only on the original point of landed male suffrage for the vicars

and when the vicars get together and say "we would like to also have authority over X, Y, and Z"

he says no

which is the breaking point for most radicals

Establishment
Fhainnin politics of the Christian era were largely centered on the power struggles between Princes (Dochann), who were independent feudal overlords of various territories across the Ninerivers and eastern Vandarch regions. Many of these called themselves King (Rih) of their local region, but none claimed to be King of the Ninerivers, as that bore an implicit declaration of supremacy over the rest of the Princes.

The unofficial 'first Rih' of Faneria was Ruaridh Màrtainn, Prince of Cheatharnaich, a powerful principality centered on Cancale resting along the northern bank of Caileansriver buttressed to the north by the Deamhainn Mountains. Ruaridh had the good fortune, or perhaps planned, to inherit the city of Connsmonandún and the Principality of Mhartainnvail (then only Caileansdún and its surrounding regions, not the entirety of the modern province) from his brother and uncle, who were killed by a rival prince during a war over several vassal states. Ruaridh took the opportunity to expand his holdings, waging several wars of conquest against his own vassals to absorb their titles for himself.

Ruaridh's firstborn son, Rethys Màrtainn, crowned himself Rih de na Fhainn three years to the day after his inheritance, prompting a war between himself and the Principalities of Cionhaen, Dinan, and Brynmawr which became known as the Crown Wars. Rethys proved an able commander, in part due to a large contingent of veteran *ardceiternn* cavalry, and seize additional territories, vassalizing Dinan and Brynmawr and forcing Cionhaen to acknowledge his self-proclaimed title of "King of the Fhainn" in 1398.

New Administrative Model
- throneswatch, army, policing, and so on had existed but were often locally-run or haphazardly mashed together

Vicarial System
The Vicariates of Fhainnlannachaeran were administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Fhainnlannachaeran (modern Faneria), based largely on the old borders of the princedoms and free cities of pre-Royal Fhainnin homelands. Each was ruled by a Vicar; nominally a prince within his own lands, each reported to the King with various levels of loyalty depending on time, distance, and the individual kings and Vicars as well as local political considerations. The power of the Vicariates waxed and waned dramatically over the course of their existences, and several were folded into each other or created from whole cloth over the centuries.

The Vicariates were generally organized based on the existing Fhainnin feudal system. Local mayors and lords (Méarann and Tihernann) ruled as vassals under regional lords (Ardtihernann), the greatest of which claimed the title of Prionsa Dòchas, or 'Aspiring Prince'. This later became shortened to just Dòchas. Among these princes, the greatest were recognized as electors following the establishment of the monarchy, with the status of elector at first being tied to their respective titles. A Vicar was a prince with recognized elector status; as a result, their titles carried great power, and were coveted as rewards for expansion of the kindgom, suppression of major rebellions, and other great services. Each Vicariate's respective Prince or Lord gained the additional title of Vicar. All of these responded to the King or Queen (Rih and Banrih respectively), but had their own rights and freedoms. Although some polities were recognized as being Duchies in the southern Levantine fashion, they functionally remained identical to Vicariates and are collectively included in the classification.

After the Second Princes' War, Vicarial status became a title conferred on a personal basis, as the new dynasty clamped down heavily on the independence of its feudal lords. This, along with other reforms, slowly drove the aristocratic class into the business sphere rather than the military-political one, though nobility retained privileges in the military and remained powerful political players, albeit subject to the Crown in both name and practice.

Prior to Second Prince's War: levy taxes, knight people, elect the king, effectively had power to make laws, could judge cases unilaterally (check how this ties with the election of Barheln, Wydd-Martainns, and then Suthar-Martainns, the last of which defeated the elected antiking); essentially feudal elector vassals, with the capital vicariate being the King's direct property and usually run by an appointed Vicar-Regent

After Second War: lost rights to levy taxes directly, collected still until 1870 with centralized mint and bank; *effectively* became rubber stamp for kingly succession, could originally still judge cases unilaterally but later were restricted to overseeing civil disputes with a few checks; lost the power to raise their own vassal armies, had to get king to rubber-stamp appointment of their immediate vassal lords

Vicariates were the primary administrative division, with Vicar-Princes ruling over lands directly or through minor Counties. Some cities were declared 'crown cities', or essentially directly ruled by the Crown; however, this was usually only achieved after a coup against the local lord or with the support of other local nobility. Over the course of the Royal era, most Vicariates became powerful fiefs in their own right, racing to centralize power in the hands of the Vicar before the Crown grabbed up too much of their historic lands directly.

general structure:

méar - mayor, ruler of a town or city. sometimes elected, appointed, or hereditary

tihernann/tiherna - fief-lord/local ruler ardtiherna - larger local lords, usually with vassals dòchas/dòchann (expectants) - princes/aspiring kings, either made of ardtiherna or themselves ruling over other ardtiherna (lay out as tree) dòchas-bhiocair - vicar-prince/elector prince Rih - local king

S. Vrael, N. Vrael - Bhraeline Peninsula, later reorganized as Penthebhra

Lyukquar Searastaigh, Lyukquar Oirthir, Lyukquar Astaigh, Glean Teilt, Glean Bean, Ceann a Rhydwel, Ceann a Haibne, Cebhin, Cheatharnaich, Cebhin, Askarata, Gwynmyr, Luinn, Inghran, Shaergleann, Meandhan, Ceann a Torr

Royal Army
- army, duh

Throneswatch
- state intelligence, security, and bodyguarding

Royal Adjudicators
- law enforcement and early taxation

Royal Records and Tithes Administration
- first proper bureaucracy, taxes, records, and so on

Royal Command and Control Administration
- central organizing body for other Administrations====

Royal Mint
- money, official articles

Royal Works Administration
- infrastructure, engineering, public works and city planning

Royal Academies Administration
- arts and sciences patronage, cartographers and explorers, early colleges