Kiravian federalism

The Kiravian Federacy is structured as an in which the powers and responsibilities of governance are shared between the federal government and the governments of the various federal subjects, which include states, territories, and other regional entities. The degree to and manner in which the federal subjects are self-governing varies according to their classification and the particular details of their constituting documents.

History
Under the Confederal Republics of Kirav, the purview of Confederal government was quite narrow, mainly limited to maintaining a common currency, enforcing customs, defensive works and raising armies in times of war, diplomatic and Aboriginal relations, and running the Navy and postal service. The first Federal constitution significantly expanded the domestic power of the federal government, but largely maintained the assignment of the of national security and foreign affairs to the federal government and the  of economic and social affairs to the states and territories. During the 20th century AD, the technological and economic changes of high modernity, as well as parallel developments in the Kiravian Remnant and Kiravian Union permanently disrupted the cleanly-delineated model of Kiravian federalism. On the territory of the Kiravian Union, federalism was abolished. In the Kiravian Remnant, federalism was preserved, but the central government assumed a dramatically more powerful role in domestic affairs in order to maintain the rump federation's survival. The Restoration renewed public interest in subsidiarity and regional self-governance, but also a greater demand for regional parity and integrated economic development, resulting in the current arrangement of thematic and.

Themes
The contemporary Kiravian Federacy is organised according to the principle of "thematic federalism" (glédistralix vuntirisēn), under which the federal subjects are divided among groups known as "themes" (Coscivian: glédistra). The themes were instituted under the Restoration Constitution to preserve national cohesion while addressing the differing policy needs of geographically distant regions, and to ensure fair representation of different regions in major political decisions. Themes are not a level of government in their own right and do not have any lawmaking powers. Thematic institutions, where they exist, are purely representative, deliberative, and coördinative.

The themes have a constitutional role and are referenced in in the federal legislative process and constitutional procedures such as the election of the Prime Executive. Themes also have a policy role: the Restoration Constitution advises that the application of federal policy should be uniform within themes as much as is prudent and vary among themes as much as prudent. Themes are most prominent in policy areas related to the movement of people and goods, as different approaches to migration controls and regulation of inter-subject commerce have been adopted to accommodate the different development needs and cultural considerations of particular themes. In the ōvsix ("general") themes - the KFR, Sarolasta, and the Overseas Regions, such policies are set by the federal government and applied on a theme-by-theme (or subject-by-subject in the Overseas Regions) basis, whereas in the elurix ("special") themes - South Kirav, Sydona, and the Melian Isles - considerable authority is devolved to the subject-level governments within the theme to agree upon a common policy for themselves within constitutional parameters.

Two themes - the Sydonan and the Melian - contain only one federal subject each. In these "unitary themes", the government of the sole subject represents the theme in constitutional procedures and exercises any devolved powers on its own. In most of the remaining themes, termed "federative themes", the constituent subjects create common institutions by to carry out these functions. Sarolasta, for example, has a Commonwealth Council of ranking state legislators and cabinet officers, and a popularly-elected President who serves as a spokesman and public advocate. The Overseas Regions do not have any common institutions.

Policy distribution
Although not strictly true, the following table from a Kiravian Vision Foundation provides a decent introduction to the topic:

Fiscal federalism
The taxation régime in the KF is structured to ensure that the federal subjects have a sufficient independent domestic revenue base to finance good governance.