Coscivian civilisation

Coscivian civilisation is the heritage of values, norms, customs, ideas, social and political movements, and artifacts associated with the peoples of the continent of Éorsa. Coscivian civilisation spread beyond its home continent during the 9th and 10th centuries anno Domini to encompass new lands and peoples through migration, colonisation, cultural exchange, and assimilation, and today forms the dominant cultural paradigm in several nation-states, including Kiravia and Livensóla, as well as the way of life of Coscivian minority and immigrant populations in many parts of the world, particularly Umcara, where Coscivians comprise some 40% of the population.

Coscivian civilisation and a common Coscivian identity were consolidated under the First and Second Coscivian Empires that united the various peoples of Éorsa, who despite sharing certain ancestral, linguistic, and limited cultural affinities did not previously have any common consciousness, into a single overarching cultural and political system. This civilisation continued its independent social and technological development over the subsequent centuries, and remains a distinct, if comparatively minor, cultural sphere in the world today.

People
The Coscivians or Coscivian peoples are a comprised of the various ethnic groups that have been historically included in Coscivian civilisation and whose respective cultures draw on and contribute to the wider pan-Coscivian cultural complex. Coscivians are not a biological race, and do not constitute a single ethnic group. Communities living Coscivian culture come from disparate genetic, ethnic, linguistic, and national backgrounds, and usually have strong ethnic and communal identities nested within a broader Coscivian cultural identity. Nonetheless, the existence of a Coscivian people (Koskiplānon, Koskidérum) is widely recognised both within and without the Coscivian world, and a Coscivian identity has existed since the First Empire. How "Coscivians" and "Coscivian people" are defined can very greatly by context. In modern Western sources, terms such as "Coscivian people" or "ethnic Coscivians" most often refer to [REDACTED] (see below).

The Coscivian peoples trace their ancestry to multiple waves of prehistoric migration from Crona, Levantia, and the antediluvian Arctic, the genetic legacy of which is unevenly distributed across different Coscivian subgroups. The genomes of modern Coscivian-Kiravians show a tiny but detectable admixture from the extinct hominins Homo sapiens sariporensis ("Sarolasdra Man") and Homo vetus montanis.

The largest individual Coscivian ethnic groups/ethnic supergroups are the Kir people, Cape Coscivians (taken collectively), Antaric Coscivians, Ensciryan Coscivians, Taństan Coscivians, Paisonic Coscivians, and Æonaran Coscivians.

Primordial Universals

 * Monogamy and Patrilocality- From the time of the Adraīan Empire (and possibly before), the Cosco-Adratic peoples distinguished themselves from their neighbours by their strict adherence to monogamy, and may have been the first people in Éorsa to institutionalise marriage in any form, monogamous or otherwise. The word Coscivian itself may originate from the Old Kasavic root *gxasvē, mreaning "spouse". Traditional historiography has traced the Coscivian self-conception as a society oriented towards ethical ends and a well-ordered society to the institutionalisation of marriage. Coscivians also practice, meaning that a bride becomes part of her husband's community (not only geographic but also tribal, ethnic, and in modern times national and class) upon marriage.


 * Monotheism- The Adraīans were a and  people who believed in a multitude of spiritual beings but worshipped only the Moon. The religious beliefs of the Kasavs are less clear, though it is known that they believed in an impersonal force called the Wàz, which survives in modern Kiravian superstition as ūsa. The worship of celestial entities continued among the Ancient ʔptovi and other West Kasavic peoples, and though it is unclear when monotheism coalesced as a popular belief, it was the Ancient Eskean philosophers (particularly the Strabians) who argued in favour of an aphysical, conscious Supreme Being. A diverse assortment of monotheistic beliefs proliferated outward from Helska across the Intheric Basin, eventually giving rise to the organised religions now classified under the umbrella of Coscivian Monotheīsm. Even today, monotheistic religion (or at least belief) remains ubiquitous in Coscivian countries, with both neo-pagan revival movements  and staunch  being extremely rare.

Worldview and Philosophy

 * Shaftonism and related, , , and philosophies emphasising  and virtue as life's central questions, focusing on humanistic aims and action according to higher principles.
 * A schizo-sacramentalist conception of reality, reflected in language and art, that emphasises the holistic interrelation of states and processes and, from an Occidental perspective, does not distinguish clearly between the symbolic and the real.
 * Parametrist schools of thought, similar in nature to, as developed by X, Y, and Z, and reconciled with Shaftonist philosophy by Q.
 * Reliance on , with a strong sense of duty, jurisdiction, rights, property, and "standing" in both the personal and political spheres.
 * Non-dichotomy and a general rejection of dualities and common in other cultures (e.g. the, ).
 * An , viewing time as neither a linear progression nor a cycle, but rather as a medium for change or a mere mental construct.
 * A strongly spatial approach to philosophy, law, and social organisation, rooted in the "locative teleology" of the Eskean thinkers and manifesting in modern times as the "moral compartmentalism" debate.

Civics

 * A legacy of several inclusive, decentralised empires and a  from the Adratic Empire to the Cyptom Empire, to the First, Second, and Third Coscivian Empires in succession, the Akuvaric Empire, and ultimately to the Kiravian Federacy.
 * A longstanding principle of helvikor patrá or "liberty of worship" maintained since the 2nd century BC, long predating Western ideas of religious freedom.
 * Strong traditions of local governance and a tendency towards.
 * A path of political development that largely bypassed the of the Mediæval West and generally falls short of.
 * The Coscivian legal tradition, which developed from the efforts of successive Coscivian Empires to maintain their rule over a vast and varied territory. A key feature of this tradition is the application of Réstiálda or "Cultivated Law", a body of non-statutory law derived from, ancient juristic maxims, and a growing body of tōngan or "points of consensus" established by patterns in.

Art, Literature, and Design

 * Millennia-old tradition of  (Iatic: vūroska, Kiravic: kísrūkrāsta), which is considered its own discipline and applied across genres and even media.
 * Great attention to symmetry, order, and cohesion in, following from the emergentist, holist concepts of Shaftonism.
 * A fondness for expressions, reflecting unusually high incidences of synæsthesia among Western Éorsans.
 * Recurring polygonal motifs, especially regular pentagons and octagons, parallelograms, and stars (especially four-pointed) in art and architecture.
 * Several distinctive schools of architecture, most prominently Coscivian Historicism, Coscivian Modernism, and Kiravian Exurbanism.
 * A marked preference for and  in urban settings, even in areas where economic pressures do not necessarily demand them. This theme of verticality in Coscivian architecture can be traced back to the Inter-Imperial Period, when the mountainous and forested geography of Éorsa gave rise to the construction of  as fortified dwellings. Structures inspired by towerhouses continued to be built through the Second and Third Empires, and became strategically useful during the colonisation of also mountainous and forested Great Kirav for protection from Urom and Cromwelute attacks. Contemporary Kiravian cities and towns tend to be noticeably more vertical than Western settlements of commensurate size, with even rural towns typically having a few blocks of.
 * A rich and enduring tradition of engravings, woodcuts, and prints as the leading graphic artform, rather than as in Western culture.

Cultural practices

 * Affiliation with ethnosocial groups (tuva), within larger linguistic, cultural, or religious cohorts.
 * A long tradition of literacy and a critical role for literary canons in establishing the identity of groups and movements. Paper was developed early on in the softwood-rich forests of Éorsa, allowing for the early flowering of a vibrant (and democratised) literary culture. Written language has long exerted dominance over spoken language among Coscivian peoples, with the forms and style of the former acting as a prescriptive force on the latter.
 * Use of the Iatic script or related scripts derived from the Ancient Adratic, including Iatic numerals, which reflect a system.
 * Use of the Iatic or High Coscivian language as a transnational, transethnic of scholarship, high literature, diplomacy, and law.
 * Use of and  calendars derived from the Classical Iatic (the Calibrated Coscivian Calendar being the most widespread today), and traditionally an eight-day week, rounding out to an even 45 weeks in a non-intercalated lunar year. In contemporary times, the rhythms of rural life in many areas follow the eight-day week, while the Occidental seven-day week has replaced it in most other contexts.

Religion, Spirituality, and Ritual
For most of the past millennium and up to the present day, a majority of people living in the Coscivian World have been Christians, and in most of Coscivian civilisation a "Christo-Coscivian synthesis" of Christian theology with a native Coscivian philosophical framework, expressed through a primarily Coscivian cultural vocabulary... (shit, Starbucks is kicking me out, bbl)

A large number of people continue to practice religions of a Coscivian origin, whether in their pure form or in some degree of syncresis with Christianity or Islam. Largest among these are Sarostivism, Komarism, Iduanism, Ruricanism, and Læstorianism, though smaller religious communities such as Ēnedrism and Perigantism exist as well.

Some Coscivian communities, known collectively as Kēbavem, have embraced. Coscivian Muslims are heavily concentrated in Sydona, South Kirav, and Rumelistan.

Some aspects of Coscivian religiosity traverse individual faith traditions, and can be found in Coscivian expressions of Christianity, Islam, and other "imported" religions. These include an important place for and similar separated, acestic, and contemplative institutional lifestyles, and a great deal of attention paid to the souls of the deceased (especially ancestors).

Funerary Culture
All Coscivian groups and subgroups have a highly developed. Before the introduction of Christianity and its baptismal rites, not all Coscivian cultures had strong traditions for the reception of newborns into the family, tribe, or community, a fact that some anthropologists attribute to high. Thus, the two cardinal life-cycle events in Coscivian culture have always been the wedding and the funeral. Indeed, reverence for the deceased features in both the Four Precepts ("Thou shalt not diss dead opps") and Four Rites ("Commit the dead to an honourable rest"). The oldest and most influential works in the Coscivian literary canon have been such as the Itidhamtagránda, popularly known as the "Coscivian Book of the Dead".

has a long history in Coscivian civilisation and remains the leading method of corpse disposal in the modern Coscivian World. Cremation practices among the Cosco-Adratic peoples share several common characteristics, such as giving the body a special vestment or draping for cremation, retention of ashes or bone fragments after cremation, and memorialisation of the remains. While the the specific rites surrounding cremation, of course, vary widely with religion, ethnicity, location, and social stratum, these practices are highly conserved among Coscivian groups, and contrast with Western crematory practices that usually involve the outdoor dispersal of cremated remains, which is viewed as highly disrespectful and is prohibited by law in most Kiravian states. Burial and entombment of human remains also have precedent among Coscivian peoples, reaching back into Dark History and amply attested by archæological evidence. Among many Coscivian cultures, especially in mountain areas and boreal regions where natural conditions can make simple interment challenging, Coscivians developed traditions of entombing their dead in aboveground, , or cave ossuaries. Burials surged in popularity after the Three Evangelisations and remain the norm among certain groups, such as Ĥeiran Coscivians. However, the more widespread practice among Coscivian Christians is to bury the dead for three or four years, exhume the skeletal remains on the anniversary of the decedent's passing, and (after ritual preparation of the skeleton and observance of liturgical rites) place the remains in a church ossuary, catacomb, or charnel house for permanent repose. South Coscivians and Antaric Coscivians, among other groups, maintain dedicated mausolea at their ancestral home sites to hold the remains of their lineage at a single site.

It has been noted that the particular funerary cultures of Coscivian subgroups are strongly influenced by their ancient religious heritage, even among groups that have embraced Christianity or Islam with minimal syncretism. Communities of Iduan or Komarist heritage tend to favour cremation. Communities of Rurican heritage prefer to keep remains close at hand. Getting kicked out of Starbucks again, shit.

Contact with Other Civilisations
Coscivian civilisation did not develop in complete isolation. [P'ter] [Bottle Culture] [Earlier Levantine Contact] [First Christianisation] During the 8th century anno Domini, missionaries, traders, and migrants from and  introduced Christianity to the Ĥeiran Coscivians. However, Coscivia fell out of contact with European Christendom less than a century later, due to a grand civilisational catastrophe? [Third Christianisation]



Coscivian and Occidental worlds
The first encounters with Occidental civilisation since the Hiberno-Scottish mission occured in the 13th century, as Coscivian explorers, traders, and colonists came into contact with the European peoples of Levantia and other regions in Ixnay and further afield. Civilisational conflict of any sort did not emerge in earnest until the 20th century, when the beginnings of globalisation forced the greater part of the Coscivian world to confront a Western-dominated international society and international order. A number of 20th-century developments in Western civilisation, such as, and ; the growth of totalising ideologies such as communism, fascism, and nationalism; revolutionary and countercultural movements; and the proliferation of  and a homogenised mass-culture, began to stir antipathy towards Western civilisation and arouse fears of assimilation. Both social and political Anti-Western movements gained momentum during the mid-20th century, and exercise a great deal of influence over cultural, language, immigration, and foreign policy in Kiravia and Livensóla.

"Kiro-Occidental" is an inclusive compromise term intended to refer to a greater cultural world which refers to the traditionally "Occcidental world" of all Christian or Christian-descent nations of Levantia and the Latinic and Istroyan portions of Sarpedon while also making reference to the Coscivian civilization on equal footing to the Occident. The term has seen increasing academic and popular use, especially within Urcea.