Economy of Urcea

The economy of Urcea is a highly developed. As part of the Occident, Urcea has an industrialized, advanced economy. It has the world's largest GDP. The Taler, currency of Urcea and the Levantine Union, is one of the world's currencies of record, and its strength is partly attributable to its basis in the Urcean economy. The Urcean economy is fueled by high worker productivity, a well developed transportation infrastructure system, a large labor force, and considerable natural resources. Urceans enjoy one of the highest average incomes in the world, and Urcean society is characterized by relatively small income inequality. The impact of is significant on the economy, both in its institutions and outlook. The collaborative Urcean guild system is designed along Catholic principles to avoid labor conflict, and the Urcean finance system is based on the principles of Levantine finance.

The Urcean economy has always been among the world's largest due to its large population size and extensive commercial history. It became the world's largest without rival during the, which completely altered life in the country and led to extensive urbanization. The Urcean economy experienced rapid growth in the late 20th century due to increasing economic modernization and technological innovations, allowing an average 3.1% growth rate between 1972 and 1999, after which point the economy began to slow down and "normalize" relative to potential growth in productivity. The economy has additionally seen a major growth period since the end of the War of the Northern Confederation, as the "nuclear revolution" in energy has fueled a major boom due to plentiful and cheap energy.

Urcea's economy is divided into forty statutory industries; within these industries, every firm and their workers are federated together into guilds. Unlike many other industrialized countries, much of Urcea's economic regulation takes the form of self-regulation within the guilds. The guilds, which feature equal representation between employers and labor, are responsible for setting labor conditions, minimum wage, and other related policy areas. Most guilds also pool resources in order to provide benefits of some form, reducing the burden of businesses within the guild while simultaneously providing sound retirements and, in some cases, health insurance, for its members. Urcea's guilds exercise wide authority over the economy, as they not only self-regulate but also are responsible for approving any proposed trade deals with foreign nations through the Gildertach.

The Urcean economy is highly integrated with that of its Levantine Union neighbors. It is among the world's largest exporters and importers.

Guilds and labor
All employers and businesses in Urcea, including the Government of Urcea itself, are arranged in a system of guilds. Guilds, sorted by industry, are the self-governing bodies of the economy which internally regulate most labor laws and workplace conditions as well as having the authority to set the minimum wage within the guild. Guilds are comprised of representatives of both business owners and labor unions, and each guild has local branches at the provincial and municipal levels which are partly responsible for appointed "vested" members who hold special decision-making authority within the guild structure. Guilds are represented in the Gildertach, which is the sole body which can determine and approve laws relating to guilds and also holds power to approve certain trade deals. Adherence to the guild system is enforced by the Office for Guild and Workforce Affairs. The guild system has been cited by several studies as being a primary reason for low reported levels of class antipathy in Urcea, and several economists have suggested that the system has greatly reduced class inequality.

Regulation
As a, the Urcean economy is subject to significant regulations. The primary regulator is the Ministry of Commerce on most issues, especially trade and finance. The guilds themselves, in tandem with the Ministry of Commerce, oversee labor conditions within the country.

Public regulation
"Public regulation" refers to mandates and regulations imposed by the Urcean government or the provinces, crownlands, and states within Urcea. This is the least common form of regulation due to the role of guilds in the economy. Although the government in many cases does not directly impose regulations, it has an important role to play with regard to negotiating with the guilds for the imposition of certain regulations.

Private regulation
"Private regulation" - those regulations self-imposed by guilds - are the most common form of regulations within the Urcean economy.

Union regulation
Urcea's membership within the common market of the Levantine Union means several Union-originated regulations also exist within the economy. These are primarily related to product standardization.

Regulations imposed by the Levantine Union originate from the Levantine Union Diet and the organs of the Union. Within Urcea, they are legally permissible because the Gildertach voted to approve the institution of the common market and delegated certain regulatory authority to the Union at that time.

Agriculture
Agriculture is a major industry in Urcea. Urcea's fair climate and sweeping plains, particularly within the Valley are perfect for growing both wheat and maize, and the country exports both of these in large numbers, particularly to countries circling the Odoneru Ocean. As a consequence of the wheat surplus, the dairy industry became large in the 19th century and is another important sector in the economy today, with milk being another major export besides being consumed in most homes across the country. Another sector that benefits from the nation's agricultural strength is beer production, and in the province of Goldvale hops and wheat for brewing purposes are grown in large quantities. Goldvale's Upriver Brewing Company produces Royal Billion, which is Urcea's best selling beer. In the south of Urcea, and especially in Canaery, wine production is a major industry. Urcea is home to the world's largest honeybee population due in part to the country's abundant agricultural lands, which provide ample food sources for the bees, as well as the government's efforts to protect and conserve honeybee populations. As a result, Urcea is one of the world's leading producers of honey and other bee-related products, and its honey is known for its high quality and distinctive flavor.

Arms manufacturing
Arms manufacturing is the largest part of Urcea's manufacturing sector. It encompasses a wide variety of activities, ranging from the production of small arms to large ships for the Royal Navy as well as various aircraft. This sector also produces significant goods for the civilian economy in the form of surplus, not only small arms but shipping, vehicles, and other logistical equipment.

Tourism
Tourism is a major industry in Urcea, providing about 14% of all economic activity when including revenue from hotel, airfare, activity at restaurants, shops, and other ancillary tourist activities. Urceopolis has been the top tourist destination in Urcea since the advent of global travel, with the Papal State and Christian holy sites serving as the top draws followed by Great Levantine ruins and historic sites.

Finance
The finance sector in Urcea is large and plays a major role in most economic activity. Its revenue figures and traditional growth metrics are smaller (in relative terms) than most other major non-Levantine industrialized nations due to the confines placed on the finance system by the principles of Levantine banking and finance, which typically prohibits traditional interest payments.

Service sector
The general service sector makes up the majority of Urcean economic activity. As an urbanized nation, Urceans rely on the retail sector for nearly all basic necessities, requiring a large workforce to fulfill them and creating large revenues.

Shipping and cargo transportation
The movement of goods and services with Urcea and abroad is becoming an increasingly large part of the economy. While rail transportation has been a major economic sector since the 19th century, the Urcean commercial shipping industry has doubled in size since the beginning of the Deluge and increased economic activity in Crona. The shipping sector in Urcea is subject to significant Burgoignesc investment, as many of the major firms established during the late 20th and early 21st century were founded by Burgoignesc capital or as offshoots of established Burgoignesc companies.

Public sector
The public sector is an important part of Urcean economic life, but its impact is spread disproportionately. It is one of the largest economic sectors of the Archduchy of Urceopolis, where the Urcean government and bureaucracy are based, but has a smaller impact by contrast in the remaining provinces and crownlands.

Energy
The energy sector in Urcea has been one of the fastest growing and most robust sectors of the economy since the beginning of the Deluge.

Railways
In Urcea, all rails, switches, and any other infrastructure necessary for the provision of rail travel is publicly owned, but all cars and services are privately owned. Accordingly, railway companies play a major role in the economy. The vast majority of internal freight within Urcea is shipped by rail, making these companies significant contributors of economic activity with a large labor force.

Regional differences
The economy of Urcea is varied and cannot be understood without taking the regional differences into account.

The Valley and Ionia
The Valley represents the heart of the Urcean economy and its major demographic center. The Ionian Plateau region, though not considered part of the Valley, exists as an important peripheral economic part of the Valley. At the center of the Valley, both figuratively and geographically, sits Urceopolis, the seat of power and culture for the country as well as the nation's main economic driver.

Eastern Corridor
Gassavelia and Transionia are the parts of Urcea that encompass most of its eastern border, and accordingly they comprise the second-most heavily integrated part of the economy with Urcea's Levantine Union neighbors. Although national infrastructure projects link these regions to the Valley, many of their transportation connections link eastward into Burgundie, Rhotia, and Lapody. Together, these regions also comprise a single economic corridor between the Ionian Mountains and eastern border, and accordingly much of the economy of Transionia and the entire corridor is dependent on Harzenon, the cathedral city and economic hub of Gassavelia. Suburbs of Harzenon and the service sector economic activity related to them stretch throughout Transionia's southern province of Burgundiemarch, which also has limited agricultural activity and some exurban communities tied to Burgoignesc economic centers. Northern Transionia's province of Eastvale, though rural and more agricultural, is very much Harzenon oriented, and much of the produce consumed in Gassavelia originates there. The northernmost part of Eastvale serves as a crossover region between the Corridor and Northern Urcea.

The Eastern Corridor is one of the poorer parts of Urcea due to the geographical remoteness of many settlements, harsh climate of Gassavelia, historic resettlements, and generally small population of the Transionia region.

Southern Urcea
Southern Urcea is an economic region beyond the Valley which consists of the country's southwestern shore and "middle provinces" which largely sit within the frontier region. These regions share sigificant similarities, including a traditionally thriving commercial port coastal area and relatively unproductive hinterlands. On the frontier, agriculture and exurban development (including both construction and real estate) dominate the economy of the interior, whereas the Caenish hinterland is mostly highlands not suitable for significant economic activity. Cana is the economic heart of this region.

Northern Urcea
Northern Urcea consists of the area beyond the Pralia Mountains from the Valley, Carolina and Ænglasmarch. These regions are the most heavily integrated with Anglei and Yonderre, with some economists describing the collective area as the "Durham-Gabion Transnational Economic Area" (DTEA).

Trade
Urcea's trade relations are significantly focused on countries in Levantia owing to the lack of tariffs within the Levantine Union, though trade agreements between Urcea and other countries, such as Kiravia, have been growing more prevalent in the 21st century.

Although Urcea's major trade partners are within the Levantine Union, it conducts a large amount of overseas trade. Urcea's shipping industry is one of the largest in the world, and foreign trade with Crona, Sarpedon, and other partners have greatly enhanced the shipping and air freight industries. Urcean economic interests in Crona have lead to greater trade across the Levantine Ocean, with a particular emphasis on new markets in New Harren, which serves as a hub for trade goods in the eastern hemisphere and a gateway for goods to flood back to Levantia. Urcea traditionally suffered a fairly large trade deficit mostly reliant on exporting food and other goods to Sarpedon, but with the rise of the Nysdra Sea Treaty Association and development of markets in Crona - in addition to increased trade with Caphiria - the nation has enjoyed a trade surplus fairly regularly since 2014.