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Great Bull of 1811: Difference between revisions
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The '''Great Bull of 1811''' was an act proclaimed by Niall V, [[Apostolic King of Urcea]] in [[1811]]. The Great Bull, one of the last issued by an Apostolic King, deals with the civil rights of Urceans. The Bull both codified existing long-held rights as well as introduced new guarantees as part of Niall's overall liberalizing reform efforts. The Great Bull is considered one of the fundamental texts of the [[Constitution of Urcea]]. It is often referred to as the "Urcean Bill of Rights". | The '''Great Bull of 1811''' was an act proclaimed by Niall V, [[Apostolic King of Urcea]] in [[1811]]. The Great Bull, one of the last issued by an Apostolic King, deals with the civil rights of Urceans. The Bull both codified existing long-held rights as well as introduced new guarantees as part of Niall's overall liberalizing reform efforts. The Great Bull is considered one of the fundamental texts of the [[Constitution of Urcea]]. It is often referred to as the "Urcean Bill of Rights". | ||
==Text and analysis== | ==Text and analysis== | ||
The Great Bull of 1811 | The Great Bull of 1811 is formed by a preamble and nine "that" clauses, known as the nine "statements", each of which guarantees a different civil liberty. A final "that" clause binds the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]] and his descendants to the contents and guarantees of the Bull. Besides the preamble and tenth statement, the nine central statements of the Great Bull each deal with a different social or political right. | ||
The Great Bull was intended to have the effect of establishing a set of paramount rights within Urcean society. Accordingly, many of the rights enumerated under the Great Bull were previous existing legal protections. Many others, like the sixth and ninth statements, were functionally already cornerstones of Urcean society but restated as specific paramount rights. In this sense, the Great Bull also worked to modernize and restate extant traditions with respect to the function of the [[Government of Urcea]], clarifying ancient traditions with clear language. For this reason, and due to the principles established in its preamble, it is considered the primary single document of the [[Constitution of Urcea]]. | The Great Bull was intended to have the effect of establishing a set of paramount rights within Urcean society. Accordingly, many of the rights enumerated under the Great Bull were previous existing legal protections. Many others, like the sixth and ninth statements, were functionally already cornerstones of Urcean society but restated as specific paramount rights. In this sense, the Great Bull also worked to modernize and restate extant traditions with respect to the function of the [[Government of Urcea]], clarifying ancient traditions with clear language. For this reason, and due to the principles established in its preamble, it is considered the primary single document of the [[Constitution of Urcea]]. | ||
===Preamble=== | ===Preamble=== | ||
{{quote|''As God has invested authority and His Divine Trust in the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]], Niall the fifth, of the [[House de Weluta]], Elector of [[Canaery]], et cetera, We, as King, have determined that the following be true: that this authority is of granted stewardship and not inherited ownership; that God has placed Us on this throne as a subject of his Emperor and his Pope for the benefit and protection of the lands in the Apostolic Kingdom to protect said lands granted to mankind as a whole since the dawn of time and to our ancestors, some of which inhabited the land granted to him since before the life of our Divine Lord; that the people of the Apostolic Kingdom, though subject to Us, our ancestors, and our descendants, are fundamentally participants in the Freedom of Christ and have an inherent dignity as human persons that no King, no Earthly authority, may abrogate, and; as King, though We have Earthly authority over the Kingdom and its subjects, have an obligation as a steward of God to defend and recognize the dignities of Our people and respect the boundaries of their rights as created beings of God. With these ideas affirmed and understood, We, therefore, solemnly resolve and decree this binding declaration for Ourselves and for Our descendants until the end of time:''}} | {{quote|''As God has invested authority and His Divine Trust in the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]], Niall the fifth, of the [[House de Weluta]], Elector of [[Canaery]], et cetera, We, as King, have determined that the following be true: that this authority is of granted stewardship and not inherited ownership; that God has placed Us on this throne as a subject of his Emperor and his Pope for the benefit and protection of the lands in the Apostolic Kingdom to protect said lands granted to mankind as a whole since the dawn of time and to our ancestors, some of which inhabited the land granted to him since before the life of our Divine Lord; that the people of the Apostolic Kingdom, though subject to Us, our ancestors, and our descendants, are fundamentally participants in the Freedom of Christ and have an inherent dignity as human persons that no King, no Earthly authority, may abrogate, and; as King, though We have Earthly authority over the Kingdom and its subjects, have an obligation as a steward of God to defend and recognize the dignities of Our people and respect the boundaries of their rights as created beings of God. With these ideas affirmed and understood, We, therefore, solemnly resolve and decree this binding declaration for Ourselves and for Our descendants until the end of time:''}} | ||
The Great Bull of 1811 includes a {{wp|preamble}} which establishes its historical context. It also includes a discourse on Urcean views on the role of government within the context of {{wp|Catholic social teaching}} and expressing a general set of principles that have been described as both [[Organicism|organic]] and [[Crown Liberalism|crown liberal]] in nature. Its last sentence also includes what can be construed as an {{wp|List of enacting clauses|enacting clause}} which is mirrored or completed by the Tenth Statement. | |||
===First Statement=== | ===First Statement=== | ||
{{Quote|THAT the subjects of the Apostolic Kingdom reserve the ability to all commentary in the public and private sphere even beyond the confines of that which is considered to be tasteful, including blasphemy, though the latter rightfully and shall be discouraged by whatever means of law necessary though under no pain of death or imprisonment;}} | {{Quote|THAT the subjects of the Apostolic Kingdom reserve the ability to all commentary in the public and private sphere even beyond the confines of that which is considered to be tasteful, including blasphemy, though the latter rightfully and shall be discouraged by whatever means of law necessary though under no pain of death or imprisonment;}} | ||
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===Second Statement=== | ===Second Statement=== | ||
{{Quote|THAT peaceable assembly of the subjects of the Kingdom is permitted by an authority higher than Our own and shall not be abrogated except to defend against heresy;}} | {{Quote|THAT peaceable assembly of the subjects of the Kingdom is permitted by an authority higher than Our own and shall not be abrogated except to defend against heresy;}} | ||
The Second Statement establishes the {{wp|right of assembly}} in [[Urcea]]. A relatively new concept, the Great Bull fully created legal protection for assembly under the law for the first time in Urcea. The statement includes an exception to protected assembly in the form of allowed prohibitions on assembly "to defend against heresy". Scholars are greatly | The Second Statement establishes the {{wp|right of assembly}} in [[Urcea]]. A relatively new concept, the Great Bull fully created legal protection for assembly under the law for the first time in Urcea. The statement includes an exception to protected assembly in the form of allowed prohibitions on assembly "to defend against heresy". Scholars are greatly divided on this clause, with some believing that this phrase was intended to deal with {{wp|insurrection}} by Protestants rather than to abridge the ability of Protestants to gather and worship openly. The majority consensus of historians, however, believes the ability to break up an assembly "to defend against heresy" was explicitly intended to give the authorities the ability to break up these proceedings as needed. However, nearly all historians agree this phrase was not a mandate to do so, only an option for public authorities to protect public morality. Thus, the courts have upheld the ability of the authorities to dispel religious assemblies in Urcea; after around [[1830]], every case relating to this part of the Statement referred to groups recognized as {{wp|cults}}. | ||
===Third Statement=== | ===Third Statement=== | ||
{{Quote|THAT the subjects of the Apostolic Kingdom shall have no obligation to quarter the armies of [[Emperor of the Levantines|His Imperial Majesty]] and that We and Our descendants shall take every measure to prevent such occurrence, and that no soldier in Our service shall be quartered in the home of a subject of the Apostolic Kingdom except in times of domestic war;}} | {{Quote|THAT the subjects of the Apostolic Kingdom shall have no obligation to quarter the armies of [[Emperor of the Levantines|His Imperial Majesty]] and that We and Our descendants shall take every measure to prevent such occurrence, and that no soldier in Our service shall be quartered in the home of a subject of the Apostolic Kingdom except in times of domestic war;}} | ||
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==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
The Great Bull largely had the intended impact, elevating the nine statements to primacy within Urcean civic life. Its preamble is considered to be a summation of the intent of the [[Constitution of Urcea]], and legal scholars have noted that the nine statements have guided constitutional development within [[Urcea]] since 1811. | |||
===Legal force=== | ===Legal force=== | ||
The Great Bull of 1811 remains as unconsolidated law of [[Urcea]], retaining the same legal force as a Great Bull as it had when originally promulgated. Although it does not appear in the ''[[Consolidated Laws of HMCM's Kingdom and State]]'', the basic principles and rights provided for under the Bull provide the underlying legal foundation of the ''Consolidated Laws''. | The Great Bull of 1811 remains as unconsolidated law of [[Urcea]], retaining the same legal force as a Great Bull as it had when originally promulgated. Although it does not appear in the ''[[Consolidated Laws of HMCM's Kingdom and State]]'', the basic principles and rights provided for under the Bull provide the underlying legal foundation of the ''Consolidated Laws''. The Great Bull is one of the most recent acts of the direct will of the Apostolic King to appear as unconsolidated laws. | ||
[[Category:Laws of Urcea]] | [[Category:Laws of Urcea]] | ||
[[Category:History of Urcea]] | [[Category:History of Urcea]] | ||
[[Category:IXWB]] | [[Category:IXWB]] | ||