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=Caphirian Reconquest (500 to 1485)= | =Caphirian Reconquest (500 to 1485)= | ||
==Middle Ages - Pelaxia under Castrillón rule== | |||
Under the Catholic Kosali nobles, the feudal system proliferated, and monasteries and bishoprics were important bases for maintaining the rule. The Kosali were caphirianized Southern Sarpedonians and were to keep the “Caphiravian order” against the hordes of Ladri, Rati, Losa and Rastri. The | |||
===Sebastián Pasillas of Castrillón, Despote of Cognata=== | |||
Under the Catholic Kosali nobles, the feudal system proliferated, and monasteries and bishoprics were important bases for maintaining the rule. The Kosali were caphirianized Southern Sarpedonians and were to keep the “Caphiravian order” against the hordes of Ladri, Rati, Losa and Rastri. | |||
In the year 1175, Sebastián received a summons that would rekindle the flames of his political destiny. The Republic, recognizing his potential and understanding the gravity of the situation in the Pelaxian valley, tasked Sebastián with the "Pacification of Cognata." The Kazofort Rebellion, an epochal struggle for independence from Caphirian dominion, was spearheaded by a fiercely determined leader named Hernán de Kazofort. Hailing from a lineage of Kosali families, Hernán was a man of towering stature and indomitable will. | |||
The seeds of rebellion were sown in the Pelaxian valley as a palpable discontent simmered among the indigenous warlords and noble families. Tensions came to a head when Hernán Kazofort, with his fiery oratory and impassioned rallying cries, galvanized the warlords, known as "Las Familias del Valle" or "The Valley Families," to unite under a common banner. The primary grievance of The Valley Families was the burden of incessant tributes demanded by Venceia, the imperial capital, and the relentless conscription of their sons into the Caphirian legions. Kazofort’s eloquence resonated deeply with the warlords, who had long harbored resentment toward their Caphirian overlords. | |||
In a pivotal moment, during a clandestine council at the Kazofort Estate, the lord of the castle brandishing a tattered standard bearing the emblem of a free Pelaxia, declared the cessation of tribute payments to Venceia and the refusal to send their sons to fight in distant wars for the Caphirian Empire. His call to arms ignited a fervor among The Valley Families, and they rallied behind their newfound leader. | |||
Pasillas, arrived in the Pelaxian valley with a modest retinue of loyal soldiers. His initial attempts to establish a foothold were met with fierce resistance from the local lords, notably the formidable Kazofort family. | |||
As the rebellion gained momentum, Caphiria responded with ruthless determination, dispatching legions under the command of Pasillas to quell the insurrection. What ensued was a series of skirmishes and battles across the Pelaxian valley, each marked by Hernán de Kazofort’s astute military leadership and the unwavering resolve of the Valley Families. | |||
But in 953, at the climactic Battle of Torrent's End, Hernán de Kazofort met his fate in the heat of combat, valiantly leading his troops against overwhelming Caphirian forces. His sacrifice, however, would not be in vain. His legacy lived on in the hearts of the Valley Families, who continued to wage a relentless struggle for their freedom. | |||
Ultimately, the Kazofort Rebellion exacted a heavy toll onThe Valley Families were specially decimated by Pasillas. Although the end of the rebellion meant the ascendancy of a new Caphiravian despote ruling the valley with autonomy, the rebellion's indomitable spirit would serve as an enduring symbol of Pelaxian resilience in the face of external domination. The legacy of Hernán and the Valley Families would echo through the annals of Pelaxian history, serving as a poignant reminder of the enduring quest for liberty and self-determination. | |||
After years of relentless campaigning and painstaking negotiations, Pasillas succeeded in restoring order to the tumultuous region of Cognata. His crowning achievement was the "Edict of Agrila," issued in 1180, which formally designated him as the Despote of Cognata and moved his royal seat to Albalitor. This historic decree signaled a turning point in the history of both Caphiria and Pelaxia, solidifying Pasillas's legacy as a statesman and military strategist of unparalleled repute. The Edict of Agrila effectively assigned the western part of modern Pelaxia to the House of Castrillón, ruled by Sebastián Pasillas, Despote of Cognata, and the eastern part to the eastern part to its vassal Duke of Agrila. The Castrillón dynasty's 12th-century rise led to the establishment of cities like Alimoche, Fatides, and Barcegas. Concurrently, the Castrillóns expanded their influence, absorbing southern territories and forming alliances. The Montian Confederacy emerged as a political entity during this time, uniting various provinces under its banner. The 14th century witnessed a shift from feudalism to late medieval politics, with the Castrillóns vying against Agrila and Sebardoba for control. Battles and alliances reshaped the geopolitical landscape. In 1469, Despotes Mauhtémoc Castrillón's involvement in the Termia region led to conflicts, including pivotal battles like Alcoy and Jumilla. The fall of [[Tristán Castrillón]] in 1477, in which the [[Montian Confederacy]] played a role, marked a turning point, signaling the decline of the Castrillón dynasty and the realignment of power dynamics in the region. | |||
Apart from the recognition he must feel towards him, The Republic probably also saw in the appointment of Pasillas, heir to the Castrillóns but also attached to the Pelaxian valley, a factor of stability which could rid the imperial administration of the management of a territory with endemic troubles. | |||
===Comunidades Libres=== | |||
The rise of the Castrillón dynasty gained momentum when their main local competitor, the Kazofort dynasty, died out and they could thus bring much of the territory south of the Rayado River under their control. Subsequently, they managed within only a few generations to extend their influence through Savria in south-eastern regions. | The rise of the Castrillón dynasty gained momentum when their main local competitor, the Kazofort dynasty, died out and they could thus bring much of the territory south of the Rayado River under their control. Subsequently, they managed within only a few generations to extend their influence through Savria in south-eastern regions. | ||
Under the Horiz rule, the Picos passes in Montia and the San Alberto Pass gained importance. Especially the latter became an important direct route through the mountains. The construction of the "Devil’s Bridge" (Puente del Diablo) across the Picos Centrales in 1198 led to a marked increase in traffic on the mule track over the pass. | Under the Horiz rule, the Picos passes in Montia and the San Alberto Pass gained importance. Especially the latter became an important direct route through the mountains. The construction of the "Devil’s Bridge" (Puente del Diablo) across the Picos Centrales in 1198 led to a marked increase in traffic on the mule track over the pass. | ||
While some of the "Free Communities" (Comunidades Libres, i.e. Montia, Cevedo, and Bajofort) were Imperolibertos the Castrillón still claimed authority over some villages and much of the surrounding land. While Cevedo was Imperoliberti in 1240, the castle of Nueva Brine was built in 1244 to help control Lake Lucrecia and restrict the neighboring Forest Communities. In 1273 the rights to the Comunidades were sold by a cadet branch of the | While some of the "Free Communities" (Comunidades Libres, i.e. Montia, Cevedo, and Bajofort) were Imperolibertos the Castrillón still claimed authority over some villages and much of the surrounding land. While Cevedo was Imperoliberti in 1240, the castle of Nueva Brine was built in 1244 to help control Lake Lucrecia and restrict the neighboring Forest Communities. In 1273 the rights to the Comunidades were sold by a cadet branch of the Castrillón's to the head of the family, Laín II. Laín II was therefore the ruler of all the Imperoliberti communities as well as the lands that he ruled as a Castrillón. | ||
Laín II instituted a strict rule in his homelands and raised the taxes tremendously to finance wars and further territorial acquisitions. As king, he finally had also become the direct liege lord of the Comunidades Libres, which thus saw their previous independence curtailed. On the April 16, 1291 Laín bought all the rights over the town of Lucrecia and the abbey estates in Bajofort from Abbey. The Comunidades saw their trade route over Lake Lucrecia cut off and feared losing their independence. When Laín died on July 15, 1291 the Comunidades prepared to defend themselves. On August 1, 1291 a League was made between the Comunidades Libres for mutual defense against a common enemy. | Laín II instituted a strict rule in his homelands and raised the taxes tremendously to finance wars and further territorial acquisitions. As king, he finally had also become the direct liege lord of the Comunidades Libres, which thus saw their previous independence curtailed. On the April 16, 1291 Laín bought all the rights over the town of Lucrecia and the abbey estates in Bajofort from Abbey. The Comunidades saw their trade route over Lake Lucrecia cut off and feared losing their independence. When Laín died on July 15, 1291 the Comunidades prepared to defend themselves. On August 1, 1291 a League was made between the Comunidades Libres for mutual defense against a common enemy. | ||
The 14th century in the territory of modern Pelaxia was a time of transition from the old feudal order administrated by regional families of lower nobility (such as the houses of Babafort, Estreniche, Fegona, Fatides, Foronafort, Gouganaca, Huega, Tolefe, Terrafort, Rimiranol, Tarabefort, Santialche etc.) and the development of the powers of the late medieval period, primarily the first stage of the meteoric rise of the House of Castrillón, which was confronted with rivals in Agrila and Sebardoba. The free imperial cities, prince-bishoprics and monasteries were forced to look for allies in this unstable climate, and entered a series of pacts. Thus, the multi-polar order of the feudalism of the High Middle Ages, while still visible in documents of the first half of the 14th century such as the Codex Manesse or the Montia armorial gradually gave way to the politics of the Late Middle Ages, with the Montian Confederacy wedged between Castrillón Pelaxia, the | ===The Montian Confederacy=== | ||
With the opening of the Gastian Pass in the 14th century, the territory of Central Pelaxia, primarily the valleys of Montia, had gained great strategical importance and was granted Imperoliberti by the Horiz monarchs of Agrila. This became the nucleus of the Montian Confederacy, which during the 1330s to 1350s grew to incorporate its core of "eleven shires" | |||
The 14th century in the territory of modern Pelaxia was a time of transition from the old feudal order administrated by regional families of lower nobility (such as the houses of Babafort, Estreniche, Fegona, Fatides, Foronafort, Gouganaca, Huega, Tolefe, Terrafort, Rimiranol, Tarabefort, Santialche etc.) and the development of the powers of the late medieval period, primarily the first stage of the meteoric rise of the House of Castrillón, which was confronted with rivals in Agrila and Sebardoba. The free imperial cities, prince-bishoprics and monasteries were forced to look for allies in this unstable climate, and entered a series of pacts. Thus, the multi-polar order of the feudalism of the High Middle Ages, while still visible in documents of the first half of the 14th century such as the Codex Manesse or the Montia armorial gradually gave way to the politics of the Late Middle Ages, with the Montian Confederacy wedged between Castrillón Pelaxia, the Archduchy of Agrila, the Duchy of Sebardoba and the Duchy of Ficetia. Babafort had taken an unfortunate stand against Castrillón in the battle of Scafaleno in 1289, but recovered enough to confront Fatides and then to inflict a decisive defeat on a coalition force of Castrillón, Sebardoba and Abubilla in the battle of Lupita in 1339. At the same time, Castrillón attempted to gain influence over the cities of Lucrecia and Zaralava, with riots or attempted coups reported for the years 1343 and 1350 respectively. This situation led the cities of Lucrecia, Zaralva and Babafort to attach themselves to the Montian Confederacy in 1332, 1351, and 1353 respectively. | |||
The catastrophic 1356 Abubilla earthquake which devastated a wide region, and the city of Abubilla was destroyed almost completely in the ensuing fire. | The catastrophic 1356 Abubilla earthquake which devastated a wide region, and the city of Abubilla was destroyed almost completely in the ensuing fire. | ||
The balance of power remained precarious during the 1350s to 1380s, with Castrillón trying to regain lost influence; Alberto II besieged Zaralva unsuccessfully, but imposed an unfavourable peace on the city in the treaty of Reifort. In 1375, Castrillón tried to regain control over the Savria with the help of Caphiric mercenaries. After a number of minor clashes, it was with the decisive Confederated victory at the battle of Campes in 1386 that this situation was resolved. Castrillón moved its focus westward and lost all possessions in its ancestral territory with the Confederated annexation of Brine in 1416, from which time the Montian Confederacy stood for the first time as a political entity controlling a contiguous territory. | The balance of power remained precarious during the 1350s to 1380s, with Castrillón trying to regain lost influence; Alberto II besieged Zaralva unsuccessfully, but imposed an unfavourable peace on the city in the treaty of Reifort. In 1375, Castrillón tried to regain control over the Savria with the help of Caphiric mercenaries. After a number of minor clashes, it was with the decisive Confederated victory at the battle of Campes in 1386 that this situation was resolved. Castrillón moved its focus westward and lost all possessions in its ancestral territory with the Confederated annexation of Brine in 1416, from which time the Montian Confederacy stood for the first time as a political entity controlling a contiguous territory. | ||
Meanwhile, in Abubilla, the citizenry was also divided into a pro-Castro and an anti-Castro faction. | Meanwhile, in Abubilla, the citizenry was also divided into a pro-Castro and an anti-Castro faction. | ||
=== First Termian Wars=== | |||
===First Termian Wars=== | |||
Initially in 1469, Consul Mauhtémoc Castrillón of Albalitor assigned his possessions in the Termia as a fiefdom to the Duke of Barakaldo, Tristán, to have them protected better against the expansion of the Montian Confederacy. Tristán's involvement west of the Confederacy gave him no reason to attack the confederates as Mauhtémoc had wanted, but his embargo politics against several confederate communes, directed by his reeve Pedro de Goito, prompted these to turn to Agrila for help. Tristán's expansionist strategy suffered a first setback in his politics when his attack on the Archbishopric of Cuenca failed after the unsuccessful Siege of Gandía (1474–75). | Initially in 1469, Consul Mauhtémoc Castrillón of Albalitor assigned his possessions in the Termia as a fiefdom to the Duke of Barakaldo, Tristán, to have them protected better against the expansion of the Montian Confederacy. Tristán's involvement west of the Confederacy gave him no reason to attack the confederates as Mauhtémoc had wanted, but his embargo politics against several confederate communes, directed by his reeve Pedro de Goito, prompted these to turn to Agrila for help. Tristán's expansionist strategy suffered a first setback in his politics when his attack on the Archbishopric of Cuenca failed after the unsuccessful Siege of Gandía (1474–75). | ||
In a second phase, Mauhtémoc sought to achieve a peace agreement with the Montian confederates, which eventually was concluded in Agrila in 1474. He wanted to buy back his Termia possessions from Tristán, which the latter refused. Shortly afterwards, de Goito was captured and executed by decapitation in Termia, and the Monts, united with the Termia cities and Mauhtémoc of Castrillón in an "anti-Barakaldo league", conquered part of the Barakaldian land when they won the Battle of Alcoy in November 1474. The next year, Agrilan forces conquered and ravaged Vadia, which belonged to the Duchy of Savria, who was allied with Tristán. In 1476 Tristán retaliated and marched to Jumilla, which belonged to Didac of Savria, but which had recently been taken by the Confederates, where he had the garrison hanged or drowned in the lake despite their capitulation. When the Montian confederate forces arrived a few days later, he was defeated in the Battle of Jumilla, and he was forced to flee the battlefield, leaving behind his artillery and many provisions and valuables. Having rallied his army, he was dealt a devastating blow by the confederates in the Battle of Monforte. Tristán raised a new army, but fell in the Battle of Funes in | In a second phase, Mauhtémoc sought to achieve a peace agreement with the Montian confederates, which eventually was concluded in Agrila in 1474. He wanted to buy back his Termia possessions from Tristán, which the latter refused. Shortly afterwards, de Goito was captured and executed by decapitation in Termia, and the Monts, united with the Termia cities and Mauhtémoc of Castrillón in an "anti-Barakaldo league", conquered part of the Barakaldian land when they won the Battle of Alcoy in November 1474. The next year, Agrilan forces conquered and ravaged Vadia, which belonged to the Duchy of Savria, who was allied with Tristán. In 1476 Tristán retaliated and marched to Jumilla, which belonged to Didac of Savria, but which had recently been taken by the Confederates, where he had the garrison hanged or drowned in the lake despite their capitulation. When the Montian confederate forces arrived a few days later, he was defeated in the Battle of Jumilla, and he was forced to flee the battlefield, leaving behind his artillery and many provisions and valuables. Having rallied his army, he was dealt a devastating blow by the confederates in the Battle of Monforte. Tristán raised a new army, but fell in the Battle of Funes in | ||
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Most of the exported grain left Pelaxia through Albalitor, which quickly became the wealthiest, most highly developed, and most autonomous of the Pelaxian cities because of its location at the mouth of the Elodia River and access to the Kindred Sea. It was also by far the largest center for manufacturing. Other towns were negatively affected by Albalitor's near-monopoly in foreign trade, but profitably participated in transit and export activities. The largest of those were Agrila,Montia,Fegona, Fatides, Foronafort, Gouganaca, Huega, Tolefe, Terrafort, Rimiranol, Tarabefort, Santialche. | Most of the exported grain left Pelaxia through Albalitor, which quickly became the wealthiest, most highly developed, and most autonomous of the Pelaxian cities because of its location at the mouth of the Elodia River and access to the Kindred Sea. It was also by far the largest center for manufacturing. Other towns were negatively affected by Albalitor's near-monopoly in foreign trade, but profitably participated in transit and export activities. The largest of those were Agrila,Montia,Fegona, Fatides, Foronafort, Gouganaca, Huega, Tolefe, Terrafort, Rimiranol, Tarabefort, Santialche. | ||
=====King | =====Overseas expansion to Alshar and the route to Alshar===== | ||
See also: [[Pelaxian discovery of the sea route to Alshar]] | |||
The Pelaxian discovery of the sea route to Alshar was the first recorded trip directly from Sarpedon to the Alshari continent, via the Freda Islands and the Zhijun Islands. Under the command of Pelaxian explorer Gabo de Pogiano, it was undertaken during the reign of King Jerónimo I and Consul Sebastián Pasillas of Castrillón. Considered one of the most remarkable voyages of the Carto-Pelaxian golden age, it initiated the Carto-Pelaxian maritime trade with the Daxian Qian dinasty and other parts of Alshar, the military presence and settlements of the Pelaxian in Tanhai. | |||
Gabo de Pogiano's 1615 journey became an embassy after contact with the Daxians. After arriving in the port of Zong on the 10th of October, he had an audience with Digen Youdu, Viceroy of Ganshu; with whom he negotiated an agreement that allowed him to dock in Daxian ports and engage in trade, map out the surrounding seas. Pogiano in turn committed himself to on his return trip, guide a Qian squadron to the Kindreds Sea and the coast of Sarpedon. The ships that would join him on Zhijun were the Falun, the Gong and the Shen Yun; the first Daxian ships to ever make it to Sarpedon. Later contacts with Acirien representatives would lead to a similar agreement. The Qian would send goods such as slaves, bolts of silk, sugarcane, barrels of slozo, pink salt, ebony wood, cinnamon and other spices and in return would receive olives, oil, wine, cattle and fruits. | |||
Pogiano sailing around Australis. | |||
=====Second Termian Wars (1620-1627)===== | |||
See also:[[Second Termian War]] | |||
The military conflict known as the Second Termian Wars (1620-1627) was a pivotal episode in the Wars of Independence between the Kingdom of Pelaxia and Caphiria. At its core, the war was ignited by Caphiria's aggressive endeavor to regain control over the Province of Pelaxia, which had recently rejected its vassalage. Moreover, the control of the Kindred Sea, a vital maritime route, was a central stake in this high-stakes geopolitical struggle. The contested territory of Termia, characterized by its treacherous marshes and meandering rivers, held profound strategic significance as it controlled access to both the Kindred Sea and the vital Province of Cartadania.The war unfolded as a gritty and protracted struggle, with limited use of firearms and a reliance on traditional tactics and disciplined formations. | |||
The Commonwealth was established by the Union of Alahuela in July | |||
At the heart of the conflict was the newly formed professional army of Pelaxia, known as the "Las Huestes Reales". This force showcased its prowess in disciplined warfare, particularly with their utilization of heavy pikemen and the maneuvering expertise of "Rodeleros" ("Sword and Buckler Men") in the challenging swamp terrain. These tactics proved essential for navigating the challenging environment, where quicksand, dense foliage, and treacherous waterways demanded a unique approach. The clashes were marked by the grinding nature of swamp warfare, characterized by mud-soaked battles and grueling marches. The conflict gained a reputation for its gruesome nature, where soldiers contended not only with the enemy but also with the inhospitable environment. Firearm usage was limited, intensifying the reliance on close-quarter combat and skillful coordination of both big military formations and also more attritional tactits and lighter units. | |||
The culmination of the conflict was the Treaty of Broda, signed in 1627. The treaty marked a turning point in Pelaxia's struggle for independence, cementing its status as an independent kingdom. The terms of the treaty awarded Pelaxia partial control over the Termian Delta and its intricate network of rivers. This concession granted the kingdom a strategic foothold, solidifying its control over a critical access point to the Kindred Sea and the prized Province of Cartadania. | |||
In conclusion, the Second Termian Wars emerged as a crucial theater in the Wars of Independence, underscoring the resilience and strategic acumen of the Kingdom of Pelaxia. Against the backdrop of marshy battlegrounds and limited firearm usage, the conflict demonstrated the kingdom's disciplined warfare and culminated in the Treaty of Broda, securing its independence and strategic territorial gains. | |||
=Union of Alahuela and the Carto-Pelaxian Commonwealth (1632 - 1795)= | |||
See also: [[Carto-Pelaxian Commonwealth]] | |||
The Commonwealth was established by the Union of Alahuela in July 1632, carried by the major lords of Cartadanian and Pelaxian valleys, following the the Great Schism of 1615, where a break of communion between what are now the Catholic Church and the Imperial Church of Caphiria occurred and the invasion of Cartadania by the Grand Royal Army of Pelaxia. The Great Schism lead to the independence of the southern province of Pelaxia and the independence of the at the time vassal lords. The First Partition in 1772 and the Second Partition in 1793 greatly reduced the state's size and the Commonwealth was partitioned out of existence due to the Third Partition in 1795. | |||
The Union possessed many features unique among contemporary states. Its political system was characterized by strict checks upon monarchical power. These checks were enacted by a legislature (Concilii Regii) controlled by the nobility (Nobles). This idiosyncratic system was a precursor to modern concepts of democracy, as of 1791 constitutional monarchy, and federation. Although the two component states of the Commonwealth were formally equal, Pelaxia was the dominant partner in the union. | The Union possessed many features unique among contemporary states. Its political system was characterized by strict checks upon monarchical power. These checks were enacted by a legislature (Concilii Regii) controlled by the nobility (Nobles). This idiosyncratic system was a precursor to modern concepts of democracy, as of 1791 constitutional monarchy, and federation. Although the two component states of the Commonwealth were formally equal, Pelaxia was the dominant partner in the union. | ||
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The Carto-Pelaxian Commonwealth was marked by high levels of ethnic diversity and by relative religious tolerance, guaranteed by the Albalitor Confederation Act 1673; however, the degree of religious freedom varied over time. The Constitution of 1791 acknowledged Catholic Church as the "dominant religion", but freedom of religion was still granted with it. | The Carto-Pelaxian Commonwealth was marked by high levels of ethnic diversity and by relative religious tolerance, guaranteed by the Albalitor Confederation Act 1673; however, the degree of religious freedom varied over time. The Constitution of 1791 acknowledged Catholic Church as the "dominant religion", but freedom of religion was still granted with it. | ||
===Concili Regii=== | ===Concili Regii=== | ||
===Coffee Wars=== | ===Coffee Wars=== | ||
===Savrian Wars(1708–1716)=== | ===Savrian Wars(1708–1716)=== | ||
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However, the triumvirate's governance was not without its challenges. Internal divisions among the triumvirs occasionally strained their unity, and external pressures, including regional conflicts and economic hardships, tested the resilience of the First Republic. These factors culminated in the eventual dissolution of the triumvirate in 1814, marking the end of the First Republic era with the Girojón Restoration. | However, the triumvirate's governance was not without its challenges. Internal divisions among the triumvirs occasionally strained their unity, and external pressures, including regional conflicts and economic hardships, tested the resilience of the First Republic. These factors culminated in the eventual dissolution of the triumvirate in 1814, marking the end of the First Republic era with the Girojón Restoration. | ||
In conclusion, the First Republic (1804-1814) stands as a transformative chapter in Pelaxian history, characterized by the overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of a triumvirate governance structure, and the pursuit of republican ideals. The triumvirs' diverse ideologies and policies left an indelible mark on Pelaxia's political evolution, shaping the nation's trajectory for years to come. | In conclusion, the First Republic (1804-1814) stands as a transformative chapter in Pelaxian history, characterized by the overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of a triumvirate governance structure, and the pursuit of republican ideals and the solidification of the Pelaxian Parliament as permanent institution and source of legitimacy. The triumvirs' diverse ideologies and policies left an indelible mark on Pelaxia's political evolution, shaping the nation's trajectory for years to come. | ||
====Shimsha War==== | ====Shimsha War==== | ||
=Girojón Restoration and Constutuional Monarchy (1814 - 1852)= | |||
The fall of the Triumvirate in 1814 and the subsequent restoration of the monarchy under the Girojón dynasty with King Fernando I was primarily driven by a combination of internal political tensions and external pressures. The period of the Triumvirate had witnessed notable achievements in terms of republican ideals, reforms, and social progress. However, a growing faction within the aristocracy and military felt that the republican governance structure was impeding effective decision-making and stability, particularly in times of external threats as many republicanist factions had started to creat independent Revolutionary Juntas that did not recognize the authority of the Triumvir. The military elite believed that the monarchy, which had previously provided a sense of continuity and centralized authority, could better ensure national security and unity. The faction advocating for the monarchy's restoration under an albeit reformed constiutional format with a bicameral system argued that the existence of a single, hereditary head of state would streamline decision-making and enhance Pelaxia's standing in diplomatic circles, allowing for more decisive responses to external challenges. Additionally, some members of the aristocracy saw the monarchy as a means to safeguard their social and economic privileges, which they believed were under threat due to the republican system's emphasis on social equality. | |||
* King Fernando I (1814-1825): The restoration began with the ascension of King Fernando I to the throne in 1814. His reign was marked by efforts to consolidate power and restore the authority of the monarchy. Fernando I sought to balance the demands of the aristocracy and military while also addressing the aspirations of those who had supported the republican ideals. However, internal dissent and external pressures continued to challenge his rule. | |||
* King Felipe II (1825-1837): Following Fernando I's death in 1825, his son, Felipe II, assumed the throne. His reign saw a push for greater centralization of power, economic reforms aimed at boosting trade and agriculture, and diplomatic efforts to reestablish Pelaxia's position on the international stage. However, these efforts often clashed with the republican sentiments that still lingered within some segments of society. | |||
* King Luciano II (1837-1852): Upon the death of Felipe II in 1837, his nephew Luciano II became the monarch. Luciano II faced the challenges of a changing political landscape, as well as the emergence of new social and economic forces. His rule saw efforts to modernize the economy, expand educational opportunities, and maintain Pelaxia's neutrality in the face of increasing regional tensions. However, internal conflicts and the continued push for democratic ideals posed significant challenges to his authority. | |||
=Revolution of 1852: the Republican Wars= | =Revolution of 1852: the Republican Wars= | ||
The fall of the monarchy and the birth of the republic were due to the unpopularity of King Luciano II of the House of Girojon, from his irresponsible behavior and absolutist tendency during the government of the Liberal Party. The monarch's inoperative attitude towards parliamentary government would seem to go against his constitutional role, by not designating the lords recommended by Prime Minister Botello for his House. Luciano ll would come to name a group of ultra-loyal lords that would form the group known as Casta Luciano. | The fall of the monarchy and the birth of the republic were due to the unpopularity of King Luciano II of the House of Girojon, from his irresponsible behavior and absolutist tendency during the government of the Liberal Party. The monarch's inoperative attitude towards parliamentary government would seem to go against his constitutional role, by not designating the lords recommended by Prime Minister Botello for his House. Luciano ll would come to name a group of ultra-loyal lords that would form the group known as Casta Luciano. | ||
The king was in open rebellion against the Law of Lords of | The king was in open rebellion against the Law of Lords of 1826, sanctioned during the reign of his uncle, the late Felipe II. The legislation eliminated the hereditary designation of the lords to his camera, being an emblem of republican dye of the prevailing one Liberal Party. The law marked the "official" re-emerging of the political split between monarchists and republicans and threat of another civil war period, a fracture that would be both social and military. The resistances and inoperacies of Luciano II would provoke such a level of irritation into the military class that a large group of high-ranking, Republican-line officers aligned with the Liberal government would begin to plan his deposition. | ||
Prime Minister Botello would try to reform the Law of Lords, seeking to establish the obligation of the monarch to appoint the lords recommended by head of Government. This proposed amendment was rejected in the House of Lords. Subsequently, Luciano ll would request his resignation to his Chancellor and later the Prime Minister. This action would initiate the military uprising in Agrila in 1852, led by General Solorio Torres. The victory of Solorio Torres, who was beginning to stalk the capital, along with the following uprisings in Monte, Villa Gigonza and Terrero would seal the Republican triumph. Without military or political support, the monarchy had seen its last days. The liberal government eliminated the nobility titles and the House of Lords, and forced Luciano ll into exile. In addition, the administration of Botello would allow the local election of provincial governors through their respective parliaments, from which would benefit the military leaders who participated in the uprising. | Prime Minister Botello would try to reform the Law of Lords, seeking to establish the obligation of the monarch to appoint the lords recommended by head of Government. This proposed amendment was rejected in the House of Lords. Subsequently, Luciano ll would request his resignation to his Chancellor and later the Prime Minister. This action would initiate the military uprising in Agrila in 1852, led by General Solorio Torres. The victory of Solorio Torres, who was beginning to stalk the capital, along with the following uprisings in Monte, Villa Gigonza and Terrero would seal the Republican triumph. Without military or political support, the monarchy had seen its last days. The liberal government eliminated the nobility titles and the House of Lords, and forced Luciano ll into exile. In addition, the administration of Botello would allow the local election of provincial governors through their respective parliaments, from which would benefit the military leaders who participated in the uprising. | ||
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====Raúl Arsenio Solís Vélez: the modern Pelaxian state (1876 - 1896)==== | ====Raúl Arsenio Solís Vélez: the modern Pelaxian state (1876 - 1896)==== | ||
[[File:Raul Eutimio Vélez.jpg|thumb|"Raúl Solís" in 1898|link=Special:FilePath/RAEUT.jpg]] | [[File:Raul Eutimio Vélez.jpg|thumb|"Raúl Solís" in 1898|link=Special:FilePath/RAEUT.jpg]] | ||
Once the Parliament elected him, in the following months federal courts were organized in all the provinces. It also sanctioned a new commercial code. Solís educational policy was oriented to the extension and unification of secondary education, with the idea of extending liberal ideas among young people who could access it; national schools were founded in 30 provinces. The construction of the Federal Pelaxian Railroad network began in | Once the Parliament elected him, in the following months federal courts were organized in all the provinces. It also sanctioned a new commercial code. Solís educational policy was oriented to the extension and unification of secondary education, with the idea of extending liberal ideas among young people who could access it; national schools were founded in 30 provinces. The construction of the Federal Pelaxian Railroad network began in 1872. During his regime it was founded, on November 15, 1880, the Compañía de Construcción y Forjas Ferroviarias as a joint venture bettween 7 different forges and workshops. | ||
The 1880 to 1900 period saw the development of Pelaxia's industrial capacity. Rapid urban growth also enlarged Albalitor, which incorporated its industrial suburb Costilla Blanca into the municipality in 1891. Oil emerged as a significant factor in Pelaxia's economy with the foundation of the CoPeN (Corporación Petrolera Nacional, later PetroPel), the Pelaxian Oil Corporation in 1879. | The 1880 to 1900 period saw the development of Pelaxia's industrial capacity. Rapid urban growth also enlarged Albalitor, which incorporated its industrial suburb Costilla Blanca into the municipality in 1891. Oil emerged as a significant factor in Pelaxia's economy with the foundation of the CoPeN (Corporación Petrolera Nacional, later PetroPel), the Pelaxian Oil Corporation in 1879. | ||
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=====Industry===== | =====Industry===== | ||
Industrialisation progressed dynamically in Pelaxia, and Pelaxian manufacturers began to capture domestic markets from Levantine imports. The Pelaxian textile and metal industries had by 1890 superseded Cartadania and Caphirian manufacturers in the domestic market. Technological progress during Pelaxian industrialisation occurred in four waves: the dye wave (1877–1886), the railroad wave (1887–1896), the chemical wave (1897–1902), and the wave of electrical engineering (1903–1918). Since Pelaxia industrialised later than the rest of Western Ixnay, it was able to model its factories after those of Caphiria, thus making more efficient use of its capital and avoiding legacy methods in its leap to the envelope of technology. Pelaxia invested more heavily in research, especially in chemistry, motors and electricity. The Pelaxian cartel system , being significantly concentrated, was able to make more efficient use of capital. Pelaxia was not weighted down with an expensive worldwide empire that needed defense. | Industrialisation progressed dynamically in Pelaxia, and Pelaxian manufacturers began to capture domestic markets from Levantine imports. The Pelaxian textile and metal industries had by 1890 superseded Cartadania and Caphirian manufacturers in the domestic market. Technological progress during Pelaxian industrialisation occurred in four waves: the dye wave (1877–1886), the railroad wave (1887–1896), the chemical wave (1897–1902), and the wave of electrical engineering (1903–1918). Since Pelaxia industrialised later than the rest of Western Ixnay, it was able to model its factories after those of Caphiria, thus making more efficient use of its capital and avoiding legacy methods in its leap to the envelope of technology. Pelaxia invested more heavily in research, especially in chemistry, motors and electricity. The Pelaxian cartel system , being significantly concentrated, was able to make more efficient use of capital. Pelaxia was not weighted down with an expensive worldwide empire that needed defense. | ||
====1952 Democratic Re-birth==== | ====1952 Democratic Re-birth==== | ||
====1995 Crisis==== | ====1995 Crisis==== | ||
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[[Category:History]] | [[Category:History]] | ||
[[Category:Pelaxia]] | [[Category:Pelaxia]] | ||
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