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{{Infobox country | {{Infobox country | ||
|conventional_long_name = Most Serene and Federative Republic of Lucrecia | |conventional_long_name = Most Serene and Federative Republic of Lucrecia | ||
|native_name = ''Serenísima e República Federativa de Lucrecia'' ({{wp|Galician language|Isurian}})<br>''Serenísima | |native_name = ''Serenísima e República Federativa de Lucrecia'' ({{wp|Galician language|Isurian}})<br>''Serenísima é República Federativa de Lucrecia'' ([[Emeritan Pelaxian|Pelaxian]]) | ||
|image_flag = Flag of Lucrecia.svg | |image_flag = Flag of Lucrecia.svg | ||
|alt_flag = Flag of Lucrecia | |alt_flag = Flag of Lucrecia | ||
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|alt_map2 = <!--alt text for second map--> | |alt_map2 = <!--alt text for second map--> | ||
|map_caption2 = <!--Caption to place below second map--> | |map_caption2 = <!--Caption to place below second map--> | ||
|capital = [[ | |capital = [[Emérida d'il Mar]] | ||
|admin_center = [[Toledo dos Prados]] | |admin_center = [[Toledo dos Prados]] | ||
|largest_city = capital | |largest_city = capital | ||
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|leader_name1 = [[Amadeo II, Grand Duke in Lucrecia|Amadeo II]] | |leader_name1 = [[Amadeo II, Grand Duke in Lucrecia|Amadeo II]] | ||
|leader_title2 = [[Consuls of Lucrecia|Consuls]] | |leader_title2 = [[Consuls of Lucrecia|Consuls]] | ||
|leader_name2 = {{ubl|[[ | |leader_name2 = {{ubl|[[Rosalía Rueda]]|[[Alfredo Posse]]}} | ||
|leader_title3 = [[Edile of Lucrecia|Edile]] | |leader_title3 = [[Edile of Lucrecia|Edile]] | ||
|leader_name3 = [[Eduardo de San Francisco]] | |leader_name3 = [[Eduardo de San Francisco]] | ||
| Line 100: | Line 100: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Lucrecia''', officially the '''Most Serene and Federative Republic of Lucrecia''' ({{wp|Galician language|Isurian}}: ''Serenísima e República Federativa de Lucrecia''; [[Emeritan Pelaxian|Pelaxian]]: ''Serenísima | '''Lucrecia''', officially the '''Most Serene and Federative Republic of Lucrecia''' ({{wp|Galician language|Isurian}}: ''Serenísima e República Federativa de Lucrecia''; [[Emeritan Pelaxian|Pelaxian]]: ''Serenísima é República Federativa de Lucrecia''), is an archipelago country in the [[Kindreds Sea]]'s [[Catenias]], consisting of three major islands. It is characterized by its bilingual, bicultural nature, consisting of both [[Lucrecio-Isurians|Isurian]]-, and [[Emeritans|Pelaxian]]-influenced cultures. | ||
Lucrecia is a {{wp|sovereign state|sovereign}} {{wp|federalism|federal}} {{wp|diarchic}} {{wp|directorial republic}} under a {{wp|semi-presidential|semi-presidential system}}. Although the highest rank in the country is that of the [[Grand Duke in Lucrecia|grand duke]], it should be noted that the title is purely ceremonial and cultural; it carries no authority nor designation as the {{wp|head of state}} (hence why the title uses "in" instead of "of"). Its federal structure is highly complex, consisting of both highly {{wp|autonomous}} [[Communities, cantons, and linguistic areas of Lucrecia|cantons]], of which there are four (the [[Emeritan Republic]], the [[Isurian Generality]], the [[ | Lucrecia is a {{wp|sovereign state|sovereign}} {{wp|federalism|federal}} {{wp|diarchic}} {{wp|directorial republic}} under a {{wp|semi-presidential|semi-presidential system}}. Although the highest rank in the country is that of the [[Grand Duke in Lucrecia|grand duke]], it should be noted that the title is purely ceremonial and cultural; it carries no authority nor designation as the {{wp|head of state}} (hence why the title uses "in" instead of "of"). Its federal structure is highly complex, consisting of both highly {{wp|autonomous}} [[Communities, cantons, and linguistic areas of Lucrecia|cantons]], of which there are four (the [[Emeritan Republic]], the [[Isurian Generality]], the [[Emerida-Presidential Canton]], and the [[Toledo-Administrative Canton]]), and linguistic communities, of which there are two (the [[Pelaxian Community]], and the [[Isurian Community]]). The Presidential and Administrative cantons are officially bilingual in Pelaxian and Isurian. This complex form of government, formed from linguistic diversity and sociopolitical conflicts, is reflected in the fact that there exists no less than [[List of governments of Lucrecia|seven different governments]] within Lucrecia. | ||
The country derives its name from the [[Pelaxian language|Pelaxian]] translation of the name "Lucretia", itself in reference to {{wp|Lucretia}}, a [[Caphiria|Caphiric]] noblewoman whose brutal murder at the hands of a son of King Admoneptis inspired an aristocratic revolt that overthrew the Caphiric monarchy in favour of the Caphiric Republic, of which Lucrecia derives its form of government from and retained in an unchanged form from the establishment of the [[Emeritan Republic]] in 178 BC until the 1970s when a series of reforms dubbed the "Popular Amendments" federalised the nation as well as rationalising and democratising the legislature. With the traditional foundation date being 178 BC, Lucrecia lays claim to being one of the oldest extant sovereign states, as well as the oldest {{wp|constitutional republic}}. | The country derives its name from the [[Pelaxian language|Pelaxian]] translation of the name "Lucretia", itself in reference to {{wp|Lucretia}}, a [[Caphiria|Caphiric]] noblewoman whose brutal murder at the hands of a son of King Admoneptis inspired an aristocratic revolt that overthrew the Caphiric monarchy in favour of the Caphiric Republic, of which Lucrecia derives its form of government from and retained in an unchanged form from the establishment of the [[Emeritan Republic]] in 178 BC until the 1970s when a series of reforms dubbed the "Popular Amendments" federalised the nation as well as rationalising and democratising the legislature. With the traditional foundation date being 178 BC, Lucrecia lays claim to being one of the oldest extant sovereign states, as well as the oldest {{wp|constitutional republic}}. | ||
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As a popular tourist spot, one of the largest sectors of the Lucrecian economy is in {{wp|tourism}}, as well as {{wp|service (economics)|services}}, and {{wp|retail}}. | As a popular tourist spot, one of the largest sectors of the Lucrecian economy is in {{wp|tourism}}, as well as {{wp|service (economics)|services}}, and {{wp|retail}}. | ||
==Etymology== | |||
The republic gets its name from the official [[Emeritan Pelaxian]] name for the island of [[Emerita]], ''Insa Lucrecia''. The name "Lucrecia" is the Pelaxian form of the Latinic name ''Lucretia'', itself the feminine form of the name ''Lucretius''. The most likely source for the name ''Lucretius'' is the Latin word ''lucrum'', meaning profit or wealth. The name "Lucretia" became associated with the island of Emerita and subsequently the republic in general thanks to an old [[Caphiria|Caphiric]] legend about a noblewoman from the era of the Caphiric Kingdom by the name of {{wp|Lucretia}} who was brutally murdered by the son of King Admoneptis for refusing his advances. The murder of Lucretia would inspire an aristocratic revolt that overthrew the Caphiric monarchy in favour of the Caphiric Republic. Coincidentally, the {{wp|patron saint}} of [[Emérida d'il Mar]] is known as [[Lucretia of Emérida]], who was martyred on 23 November 306 during the [[Emeritan persecutions]] of the 4th Century, but she is not the origin behind the {{wp|endonym}} for the island of Emerita as records for an ''Insula Lucretia'' date as far back as the 3rd Century BC, long before the emergence of Christianity. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Antiquity and the first Emeritan state=== | ===Antiquity and the first Emeritan state=== | ||
It is generally accepted that Lucrecia was settled by the broader [[Glaistic civilization]] during the prehistoric period, but when they arrived and the extent of their settlement is the source of considerable debate. The only record of them comes from the first [[Adonerii]] settlers on the archipelago, who arrived in 750 BC. Until the 21st century, it was generally accepted that Lucrecia was the southernmost Adonerii settlement during the [[Latin Heroic Age]], though some modern archaeology and scholarship has suggested Lucrecia served as a staging ground for further expeditions south into modern [[Chrobonsk]]. Whatever the case, the Latin city of ''Emerita Maris'' was established at their first arrival and became the predominant cultural and political force in the archipelago. Historians generally agree that ''Emerita Maris'' served as the primary southern outpost of the intricate Adonerii trade network, filtering exotic goods from South Sarpedon back to the other Adonerii cities in exchange for weapons, food, and other goods more common in [[Urlazio]] and beyond. | It is generally accepted that Lucrecia was settled by the broader [[Glaistic civilization]] during the prehistoric period, but when they arrived and the extent of their settlement is the source of considerable debate. The only record of them comes from the first [[Adonerii]] settlers on the archipelago, who arrived in 750 BC. Until the 21st century, it was generally accepted that Lucrecia was the southernmost Adonerii settlement during the [[Latin Heroic Age]], though some modern archaeology and scholarship has suggested Lucrecia served as a staging ground for further expeditions south into modern [[Chrobonsk]]. Whatever the case, the Latin city of ''Emerita Maris'' was established at their first arrival and became the predominant cultural and political force in the archipelago. Historians generally agree that ''Emerita Maris'' served as the primary southern outpost of the intricate Adonerii trade network, filtering exotic goods from South Sarpedon back to the other Adonerii cities in exchange for weapons, food, and other goods more common in [[Urlazio]] and beyond. | ||
[[File:Mykene BW 2017-10-10 13-23-40.jpg|thumb|left|The remains of the original Emeritan senate, located near the modern capital of [[ | [[File:Mykene BW 2017-10-10 13-23-40.jpg|thumb|left|The remains of the original Emeritan senate, located near the modern capital of [[Emérida d'il Mar]].]] | ||
With the collapse of the Adonerii league, ''Emerita Maris'' became an independent power in the southern part of the Kindreds Sea. It began to establish its own colonies and trade network throughout eastern [[Vallos]]. It soon expanded to rule over other settlements on its home island, eventually culminating in the establishment of the Emeritan Republic in 178 BC, with a form of government that closely followed that of the Caphiric Republic, that being a diarchical consular republic. Its first consuls were [[Sextus Luria Rufus]] and [[Marcus Cornelius Scaevola]], two prominent merchants who have greatly expanded the trading networks between the Emeritans and the other polities in Vallos. | With the collapse of the Adonerii league, ''Emerita Maris'' became an independent power in the southern part of the Kindreds Sea. It began to establish its own colonies and trade network throughout eastern [[Vallos]]. It soon expanded to rule over other settlements on its home island, eventually culminating in the establishment of the Emeritan Republic in 178 BC, with a form of government that closely followed that of the Caphiric Republic, that being a diarchical consular republic. Its first consuls were [[Sextus Luria Rufus]] and [[Marcus Cornelius Scaevola]], two prominent merchants who have greatly expanded the trading networks between the Emeritans and the other polities in Vallos. | ||
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===Early 20th century=== | ===Early 20th century=== | ||
[[File:Giuliano Gozi 1923.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Primo de San Agustin]], sole leader of the [[National Fascist Party|PNF]] and four-time Consul from 1922 until 1947.]] | |||
Lucrecia stayed neutral throughout the [[First Great War|First]] and [[Second Great War|Second]] great wars. This was mostly to maximise profits during both conflicts by keeping trade open between the two factions, though some have argued that Lucrecia may have favoured Caphiria more when it came to trade, giving the Imperium some of the more generous trade deals during this time. During the later years of the interwar era, Lucrecia came under the rule of the [[National Fascist Party]], inspired by the form of [[Caphiric Fascism]] that was formulated by [[Galdo Bertocca]]. During the PNF years, Lucrecian nationalism veered heavily towards a highly nationalistic form of [[Emeritanism]], which originated in the 19th Century as a moralising mission in support of converting the Isurians of Lucrecia into Emeritans. This new form of Emeritanism doubled down on forcibly converting Isurians into Emeritans, with many Isurian intellectuals fleeing the country out of fear of being taken away by the secret police. With the end of the Second Great War resulting in a loss for Caphiria, fascism in Lucrecia quickly became perceived as being a sham by much of the populace. As the regime continued well into the mid-to-late 1940s, more and more people throughout Lucrecia began to demand a return to the democratic system, often resorting to acts of {{wp|civil disobedience}}. | |||
In a last-ditch attempt to assert the regime's authority after multiple embarrassments, the Consuls opted to grant the reigning [[Maria-Adelaida, Grand Duchess in Lucrecia|Grand Duchess Maria-Adelaida]] the role of dictator. During the [[Marian dictatorship of 1947]], the last time a dictatorship was granted, the Grand Duchess used her temporary dictatorial powers to dismantle the fascist regime over the span of twelve months, replacing PNF members in the government with members of the moderate {{wp|christian democratic}} [[Anti-Revolutionary Party]], and even putting down an attempted fascist coup supported by her first cousin [[Prince Juan-Carlos in Lucrecia]], who was subsequently stricken from the line of succession along with any of his descendants. By the end of 1948, Lucrecia's fascist regime was so thoroughly dismantled by the Grand Duchess that even the laws passed during the regime were forcibly repealed, and the rampant and explicit persecution of the Isurian populace was put to an abrupt end. | |||
===Popular Amendments of 1970=== | ===Popular Amendments of 1970=== | ||
{{further|Great Isurian strike of 1968|Isurianism}} | |||
Although the persecution of the Isurians of Lucrecia had ended after Emeritanism was thoroughly discredited by the fall of fascism, the Republic was still heavily biased in the socio-political sphere, with Emeritans still holding onto the centuries-old monopoly on power. It was during this time that Isurian intellectuals and left-wing elements of Lucrecian society began to support the nascent ideology of [[Isurianism]] and the [[Generality movement]] which called for Isurian representation along federal lines and the elevation of Isurian into the status of co-official language alongside Pelaxian, sparking the beginnings of the [[Linguistic legislation in Lucrecia|language struggle]] as the nation's Isurian population began to seriously question the high status of the Emeritan elites. The entirety of this movement also called for the democratisation of Lucrecia, putting an end to the overbearing socio-political influence of the aristocratic Senate. This soon culminated in the [[Great Isurian strike of 1968]] where Isurians from all professions refused to work until the government was willing to negotiate. Fearing economic collapse, the Lucrecian government reached out to the leadership of the Generality movement and began a series of negotiations that would form the basis of the "popular amendments" in 1970, a series of constitutional amendments that would not only federalise Lucrecia along linguistic lines, it would also introduce sweeping reforms designed to democratise Lucrecia from the bottom-up, with the Centuriate Assembly now representing the new cantons and linguistic regions, the Tributary Assembly representing the provinces, and the Common Assembly representing the people directly; the latter two assemblies would soon merge to form the [[Popular Assembly]]. | |||
===Present history=== | |||
The federalisation and democratisation of Lucrecia was a gradual process that transformed an aristocratic republic into a {{wp|bilingual}} {{wp|federal republic}} by the 1990s. The end of the centuries-long Emeritan monopoly on socio-political power led to the rise of a new Isurian elite as the newly-reestablished Generality began to receive the economic development it had never gotten many years prior. It was around the time of democratisation and federalisation that Lucrecia had its first Consul of Isurian ancestry, [[Veronica Franco]] who, alongside [[Maria Zorreguieta]], served concurrently from 1985 until 1987; they were also the first all-female consulship. Another consequence of the federalisation along linguistic lines was the linguistic segregation of the political parties, with the old political parties splitting up into smaller, more regionally-oriented, political parties; no single party would be able to attain a majority of the legislature unless they form a coalition with other political parties, with many recent compositions of the [[Popular Assembly]] involving so-called "grand coalitions" across ideological and linguistic lines to combat the emerging popularity of the populist and ultranationalistic [[Party for an Independent Generality]] (PXI) and its partner party [[ILUCED]]. | |||
Economically, the Lucrecian economy experienced a boom as the nation moved towards handing out free trade agreements with other nations regardless of geopolitical affiliation once the [[Occidental Cold War]] ended mutually with the signing of the [[Assumption Accords]]. Among the nations that the republic has entered into a free trade agreement with, the most notable of these are with their neighbours on the Catenias, that being [[Burgundie]] ([[Port de Vent]]), [[Caphirira]] ([[Coribus]]), and [[Kiravia]] ([[Krasoa Islands]]), with a couple more free trade agreements being proposed for [[Vallejar]] on mainland Vallos and [[Pelaxia]] on mainland Sarpedon. | |||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Lucrecia is a small sub-archipelago within the [[Catenias]] consisting of three islands, two major islands and one small island. The major island that is closer to mainland Vallos is often known in [[Ænglish]] and throughout [[Levantia]] as [[Emerita]], although officially, and throughout Sarpedon, it is known as '' | Lucrecia is a small sub-archipelago within the [[Catenias]] consisting of three islands, two major islands and one small island. The major island that is closer to mainland Vallos is often known in [[Ænglish]] and throughout [[Levantia]] as [[Emerita]], although officially, and throughout Sarpedon, it is known as ''Insa Lucrecia'' from which the nation gets its name from. The other major island is known as [[Illa Herba Linda]], often known in older maps as ''Insa Yorba Linda'' (''yorba'' being the Emeritan pronunciation of the word ''yerba'', itself a Vallos variant of the Pelaxian word ''hierba'', meaning herb). The small island off the coast of Illa Herba Linda is referred to as [[Illa Vitoria]]. | ||
Altogether, the three islands covers just over 181,998 km² of land, with Illa Herba Linda being the largest of the three and Illa Vitoria being the smallest. As a nation that solely consists of islands, much of Lucrecia's geography is predominately just above sea level, with Illa Herba Linda being the sole exception being home to the nation's sole mountain and highest point, [[Mount St. Andrew's]]. The lowest point of the country is [[Sextus's Crator]], an oddly-shaped valley located in Emerita that was long thought to have been the impact site of a {{wp|meteorite}} that struck the planet in the 2nd Century BC, though more recent analysis have since debunked this theory, stating that it is nothing more than a deep U-shaped valley that came to be due to glaciation from long before the supposed date of impact and that there have been no evidence to support that a meteorite had struck Emerita in the 2nd Century BC. | Altogether, the three islands covers just over 181,998 km² of land, with Illa Herba Linda being the largest of the three and Illa Vitoria being the smallest. As a nation that solely consists of islands, much of Lucrecia's geography is predominately just above sea level, with Illa Herba Linda being the sole exception being home to the nation's sole mountain and highest point, [[Mount St. Andrew's]]. The lowest point of the country is [[Sextus's Crator]], an oddly-shaped valley located in Emerita that was long thought to have been the impact site of a {{wp|meteorite}} that struck the planet in the 2nd Century BC, though more recent analysis have since debunked this theory, stating that it is nothing more than a deep U-shaped valley that came to be due to glaciation from long before the supposed date of impact and that there have been no evidence to support that a meteorite had struck Emerita in the 2nd Century BC. | ||
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The Curia is the main executive organ headed by the edile and chaired by the consuls. The Curia is dually accountable to both the consuls and the legislature, thus meaning that the Curia has to not only command the confidence of the legislature, but also the approval of the consuls. An edile, or even the entire Curia, may be dismissed by the consuls or be removed in a ''vote of no confidence'' by the legislature. | The Curia is the main executive organ headed by the edile and chaired by the consuls. The Curia is dually accountable to both the consuls and the legislature, thus meaning that the Curia has to not only command the confidence of the legislature, but also the approval of the consuls. An edile, or even the entire Curia, may be dismissed by the consuls or be removed in a ''vote of no confidence'' by the legislature. | ||
====Dictator==== | |||
{{also|Royal dictator}} | |||
The role of dictator in Lucrecia refers to an extraordinary executive office that, under normal circumstances, is left vacant. According to the constitution, the dictatorship can only be called if both Consuls agree to bestow the role of dictator upon the head of the nation's royal family, who holds it for a span of twelve months. A dictator is given full authority to resolve which ever problem they have been assigned to deal with if it was considered to be a crisis that has proved to pose an existential threat to the Republic or to its stability. The last time a dictatorship was assigned was to Grand Duchess Maria-Adelaida in 1947 to resolve an ongoing crisis that was posing a threat to the ruling fascist regime; she instead opted to dismantle the twenty-year-long fascist regime and restore the democratic {{wp|rule of law}} even at the risk of being overthrown in a attempted fascist coup which ended in failure. | |||
===Legislature=== | ===Legislature=== | ||
The legislature of Lucrecia is the [[General Assemblies]], a {{wp|tricameral}} legislature that is composed of the [[Senatorial House]], the [[Centuriate Assembly]], and the [[Popular Assembly]]. | The legislature of Lucrecia is the [[General Assemblies of Lucrecia|General Assemblies]], a {{wp|tricameral}} legislature that is composed of the [[Senatorial House]], the [[Centuriate Assembly]], and the [[Popular Assembly]]. | ||
The Senatorial House is made up of 500 senators, members of the aristocracy appointed by the consuls; [[Senator of Lucrecia|senators]] serve "for good conscience", meaning that a senator serves for life until they either retire, pass away, or are removed. The Senatorial House was historically the most powerful legislature in Lucrecia, but the reforms done since the 1970s have done away with much of its power, delegating much of said powers to the Centuriate and Popular Assemblies, but the Senatorial House does retain quite a few powers, such as the ability to petition the [[Supreme Court of Lucrecia]] to investigate either the consuls or the curia, the ability to prevent bills from passing into law, and being the sole legislative assembly to introduce {{wp|bill (law)|bills}}. | The Senatorial House is made up of 500 senators, members of the aristocracy appointed by the consuls; [[Senator of Lucrecia|senators]] serve "for good conscience", meaning that a senator serves for life until they either retire, pass away, or are removed. The Senatorial House was historically the most powerful legislature in Lucrecia, but the reforms done since the 1970s have done away with much of its power, delegating much of said powers to the Centuriate and Popular Assemblies, but the Senatorial House does retain quite a few powers, such as the ability to petition the [[Supreme Court of Lucrecia]] to investigate either the consuls or the curia, the ability to prevent bills from passing into law, and being the sole legislative assembly to introduce {{wp|bill (law)|bills}}. | ||
The Centuriate Assembly is made up of 150 [[Centurion of Lucrecia|centurions]] who are appointed by the legislatures of the [[Communities, cantons, and linguistic areas of Lucrecia|cantons and linguistic communities]] and serve for five years. The 150 centurions are allocated as follows: 32 are appointed by the legislature of the [[Isurian Community]]; 21 are appointed by the legislature of the [[Isurian Generality]]; 16 are appointed by the Isurian language group of the [[Toledo-Administrative Canton]]; 8 are appointed by the Isurian language group of the [[ | The Centuriate Assembly is made up of 150 [[Centurion of Lucrecia|centurions]] who are appointed by the legislatures of the [[Communities, cantons, and linguistic areas of Lucrecia|cantons and linguistic communities]] and serve for five years. The 150 centurions are allocated as follows: 32 are appointed by the legislature of the [[Isurian Community]]; 21 are appointed by the legislature of the [[Isurian Generality]]; 16 are appointed by the Isurian language group of the [[Toledo-Administrative Canton]]; 8 are appointed by the Isurian language group of the [[Emerida-Presidential Canton]]; 29 are appointed by the [[Pelaxian Community]]; 20 are appointed by the [[Emeritan Republic]]; 16 are appointed by the Pelaxian language group of the Emerida-Presidential Canton; 8 are appointed by the Pelaxian language group of the Toledo-Administrative Canton. It is the sole legislative assembly in charge of electing the consuls, the sole legislative assembly in charge of drawing up information reports, and it serves as the main platform for the discussion of matters pertaining to the cantons and linguistic communities (making it the mediation chamber in the event of federated legislative conflicts of interest). | ||
The Popular Assembly is in fact two legislative houses that have been merged as one federated legislative house since the 1990s. The two segments of the Popular Assembly are the [[Tributary Assembly]] and the [[Common Assembly]]. The Tributary Assembly is made up of 200 [[Tributary of Lucrecia|tributaries]] who are directly elected under the system of {{wp|first-past-the-post voting}} within eighteen constituencies, and serve for three years. 109 tributaries are from the Isurian language group, and 91 tributaries are part of the Pelaxian language group. The Common Assembly is made of 200 [[Popular Representative of Lucrecia|popular representatives]] who are directly elected under the system of {{wp|open list}} {{wp|proportional representation}}, with an {{wp|electoral threshold}} of 5%, and serve for three years as well. Unlike the Centuriate and Tributary Assemblies, the Common Assembly, being directly representative of the citizens, is the only part of the legislature, other than the Senatorial House, that does not make use of quotas to allocate seats amongst the two language groups. | The Popular Assembly is in fact two legislative houses that have been merged as one federated legislative house since the 1990s. The two segments of the Popular Assembly are the [[Tributary Assembly]] and the [[Common Assembly]]. The Tributary Assembly is made up of 200 [[Tributary of Lucrecia|tributaries]] who are directly elected under the system of {{wp|first-past-the-post voting}} within eighteen constituencies, and serve for three years. 109 tributaries are from the Isurian language group, and 91 tributaries are part of the Pelaxian language group. The Common Assembly is made of 200 [[Popular Representative of Lucrecia|popular representatives]] who are directly elected under the system of {{wp|open list}} {{wp|proportional representation}}, with an {{wp|electoral threshold}} of 5%, and serve for three years as well. Unlike the Centuriate and Tributary Assemblies, the Common Assembly, being directly representative of the citizens, is the only part of the legislature, other than the Senatorial House, that does not make use of quotas to allocate seats amongst the two language groups. | ||
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===Judicial=== | ===Judicial=== | ||
The judicial system is the sole remaining institution in Lucrecia that has not been federalised based on linguistic lines. Instead, the legal system is based on that of Caphiria's, albeit with some modifications to reflect the highly republican nature of Lucrecia's government although some elements of the Caphiric judicial system remain (most notably the concept of ''dignitas'' and the principle of "telling the truth unless proven conclusively otherwise"; being declared a known perjurer is a major blow to one's ''dignitas'' in Lurcecia which often leads to one getting a huge decrease in one's [[Dignitas Scoring System|dignitas score]]). Lucrecia is divided into ''propretoritos'', with each cluster of propretoritos being known as ''propretorios'', each conforming to provincial borders. Above the propretorios are the propretorian circuits, which span multiple provinces. The highest court in all of Lucrecia is the [[Supreme Court of Lucrecia]], which is composed of twelve pretors, the most senior of them being designated as the [[Chief Pretor of Lucrecia]]. The pretors are elected by the Centuriate Assembly. After holding office for a two-year term, former pretors are generally guaranteed an appointment to the Senatorial House once there is an opening. | |||
===Political culture=== | ===Political culture=== | ||
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Historically, the upper classes of Lucrecia have spoken either [[Emeritan Pelaxian|the Emeritan vernacular of the Pelaxian language]] or [[Emeritan Latin]] while the {{wp|Galician language|Isurian}} language was deemed as being just a "less refined dialect" of Pelaxian, effectively preventing those who could only speak Isurian from reaching the governing classes without having to learn Pelaxian. This, on top of the dominance and power of the Senatorial House, had led to an alliance of both the [[Generality movement]] and reformists who sought to strip the Senatorial House of much of their powers and delegate them to the Centuriate and Popular Assemblies. | Historically, the upper classes of Lucrecia have spoken either [[Emeritan Pelaxian|the Emeritan vernacular of the Pelaxian language]] or [[Emeritan Latin]] while the {{wp|Galician language|Isurian}} language was deemed as being just a "less refined dialect" of Pelaxian, effectively preventing those who could only speak Isurian from reaching the governing classes without having to learn Pelaxian. This, on top of the dominance and power of the Senatorial House, had led to an alliance of both the [[Generality movement]] and reformists who sought to strip the Senatorial House of much of their powers and delegate them to the Centuriate and Popular Assemblies. | ||
These demands were met starting in the 1970s with the introduction of the Popular Amendments, a series of constitutional amendments that not only decoupled much of the senatorial powers in favour of delegating them to the centurions and tributaries, it also reformed Lucrecia into a bilingual federation under a tri-level power structure. The three levels being the federal government, the linguistic communities, and the cantons. Although this should give the federalised Lucrecia five curias and legislatures, there exists the Presidential and Administrative Cantons, effectively two capital regions, which are both under the jurisdiction of both linguistic communities, and both with their own curia and legislature, boosting the amount of curias and legislatures up to seven; these two cantons respectively contain the cities of [[ | These demands were met starting in the 1970s with the introduction of the Popular Amendments, a series of constitutional amendments that not only decoupled much of the senatorial powers in favour of delegating them to the centurions and tributaries, it also reformed Lucrecia into a bilingual federation under a tri-level power structure. The three levels being the federal government, the linguistic communities, and the cantons. Although this should give the federalised Lucrecia five curias and legislatures, there exists the Presidential and Administrative Cantons, effectively two capital regions, which are both under the jurisdiction of both linguistic communities, and both with their own curia and legislature, boosting the amount of curias and legislatures up to seven; these two cantons respectively contain the cities of [[Emérida d'il Mar]], and [[Toledo dos Prados]], respectively designated as the presidential and administrative capitals of Lucrecias. | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
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==Culture and Society== | ==Culture and Society== | ||
===Dignitas=== | |||
{{main|Dignitas (Lucrecia)|Dignitas Scoring System}} | |||
Lucrecian society places heavy emphasis on prestige and overall trustworthiness, much like the concept of dignitas in Caphiria. Unlike in Caphiria however, Lucrecian diginitas is entirely based on one's achievements rather than a combination of birthright and achievements like in the former. Although once a status that had no exact numerical value placed upon it, with the advent of computers in the 1980s there emerged a numerical scoring system that quantifies one's current dignitas. Called the [[Dignitas Scoring System]], it is a national {{wp|credit rating}} that has been developed by the Curia since 1987, complete with a {{wp|whitelist|purplelist}} (purple being deemed the colour of high prestige in Lucrecia) and a {{wp|blacklist}}. The idea behind the Dignitas Score is to encourage government institutions, citizens, and businesses to strive towards good deeds and achievements. Being on the purplelist is said to net certain privileges to those who are on it, mostly favourable discounts in public transport and parking, an easier time navigating through the highly complex government bureaucracy, and even favourable interest rates from banking institutions; purplelisted businesses are also much less likely to be inspected beyond the absolute mandated minimum set by the Curia so that regulators may focus on investigating businesses that are not purplelisted. | |||
===Education=== | |||
{{main|Education in Lucrecia}} | |||
The school system in Lucrecia is the responsibility of the linguistic communities, though both communities' school systems have only few differences between the two, with little involvement from the Curia beyond determining the mandatory schooling age (currently from age 3 until age 18) and providing funding for the linguistic communities. Both communities' school systems are primarily based upon [[Education in Caphiria|Caphiria's school system]] at least in terms of structure and standard curriculum arrangements, albeit with a greater degree of decentralisation since federalisation from the 1970s onward. Below the level of the linguistic communities, the school districts are handled by the cantonal governments in close cooperation with the linguistic communities (the two capital cantons cooperating with both linguistic communities, having school districts for both languages within their borders). It is the school districts, which span multiple provinces within a canton, that are in charge of the school circuits, run by, and are contiguous within the jurisdiction of, the provincial governments. The lowest-level division in Lucrecia's school system are the educational parishes, so-called due to the Catholic Church's former role in providing education in the republic, and are currently jointly-run by local governments. | |||
===Kinship and family=== | |||
{{further|Emeritan naming system}} | |||
The study of {{wp|genealogy}} is a major aspect of Lucrecian society, particularly among the Emeritans and the republic's Latinic minority, a fact that is inherent in their naming conventions. Unlike in most Pelaxian-speaking nations, full names amongst the Emeritans do not make use of the mother's main family name except in one of three cases: either the father is not an Emeritan or a part of any culture that makes use of a similar naming convention to that of the Emeritans ([[Urcean people|Urcean]] and [[Caphiric people|Caphiric]] fathers may pass on their estate names, but [[Pelaxian people|Pelaxian]] and [[Delepasians|Delepasian]] fathers may not pass on their surnames), the father is not known, or the mother's lineage is more prestigious than the father's. Under most circumstances, Emeritan names consist of the first name (legally referred as ''nombre''), the main family name (legally referred as ''gente''), and a branch name (legally referred as ''estirpe''); the main family name for the average Emeritan is legally required to be displayed in its original Latinic form, but the first and branch names are not legally required to be Latinic or Pelaxian in origin. All Emeritans are legally required to retain their original ''gentes'' regardless of marital status or gender (though the suffix may be changed to reflect one's gender), but they may change their ''estirpes'' whether through marriage or through a name change request; the only way for one's ''gentes'' to change is through adoption. This naming convention is primarily based off of the classical Latinic trinomial system. | |||
Conventionally, an Emeritan's name usually only has the first and branch names written. For example, Juana Marcia Posse may be commonly referred to as Juana Posse; if she were to marry Juan Octavius de San Francisco, her full name would be Juana Marcia de San Francisco, not Juana Octavia de San Francisco. However, if she were adopted by a Fernando Flavius Borbon, then her full name would become Juana Flavia Borbon, assuming that Fernando Borbon did not opt to change the newly-renamed Juana Borbon's ''nombre'' upon adopting her (this being dependent on how old Juana Borbon was when Fernando Borbon adopted her). However, it is also not an uncommon occurrence to find some ''estirpes'' that are {{wp|double-barreled name|double-barreled}}, often when the wife's ''estirpe'' happens to be prestigious in their own right; the most well-known case in Lucrecia being the royal family. The royal family descends from the [[House de Weluta]], the royal house of [[Urcea]], and from 1884 until 2015 was headed by a female. Because the ''estirpe'' of the Lucrecian royal family is deemed to be highly prestigious, it became practice to simply join the ''estirpes'' of both wife and husband together, thus leading to the current situation of the Lucrecian royal house being headed by a member of the [[House of Velucia Alba]]. However, there was no question over whether or not the royal ''gente'' of [[Julian dynasty|Julia]] would be preserved as Emeritan naming rules had already established provisions that allowed for the wife's ''gente'' to be inherited if it was more prestigious than the husband's ''gente''. | |||
===Status of religion=== | |||
Lucrecia's {{wp|state religion}} was, until 1795, the [[Caphiric Church|Imperial Church of Caphiria]] (prior to the [[Great Schism of 1615]] it was the [[Catholic Church]]). Lucrecia was one of the few nations outside of Caphiria to have sided with the nascent Caphiric Church when it split from the Catholic Church in 1615, but due to remaining under Pelaxian suzerainty the Caphiric Church in Lucrecia soon came under the influence of the Levantine Church in Pelaxia despite the two institutions remaining separate. The Caphiric Church in Lucrecia was formally abolished as the state church of Lucrecia after the [[1795 Law of the Independence of the State from the Church]] was enacted, thus establishing the republic as a {{wp|secular state}}. The main motivation for the law was due to the belief that the establishment of a state church was in fact in violation of the Lucrecian constitution, particularly in the preamble where it explicitly declared Lucrecia to be "a republic governed by the civic and temporal rule of law". The 1795 Law did also include provisions to establish {{wp|freedom of religion}} and tax exemptions for any and all religious establishments while at the same time it included assurances that relations between the Curia and the Caphiric Church would be based on an {{wp|arms length principle|arms length approach}}, with the Law describing it as the two entities being independent of one another while remaining on equal footing. The Law also abolishes the clerical seats in the Senate which were first created during the 15th Century. | |||
===Royal family=== | |||
{{further|Lucrecian royal family|Royalty in Lucrecia}} | |||
[[File:Sergio_Mattarella_and_Belgian_King_Philippe_at_Quirinale_in_2021_(6)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|150px|[[Amadeo II. Grand Duke in Lucrecia|Grand Duke Amadeo II]], current head of the [[Lucrecian royal family]].]] | |||
Although constitutionally a semi-presidential republic, Lucrecia has given a branch of the House de Weluta an official role as recognised in the constitution. The Lucrecian royal family has existed since 1685 when Archduke Niall of Urcea was invited to become the Republic's permanent designated dictator, a role that remains with his descendants to this day. The head of the Lucrecian branch of the de Welutas is given the title of Grand Duke in Lucrecia, a {{wp|legal fiction}} that was created as a royal title that would not be in violation of the constitution nor in violation of Pelaxia's then-suzerainty over Lucrecia. The current Grand Duke in Lucrecia is [[Amadeo II. Grand Duke in Lucrecia|Grand Duke Amadeo II]], who inherited the grand ducal title from his mother [[Veronica, Grand Duchess in Lucrecia|Grand Duchess Veronica]] after her death on 30 September 2015. Dictatorial designation aside, the Grand Duke wields no political influence nor is he the head of state of Lucrecia, instead serving a purely ceremonial and cultural role under normal circumstances. | |||
===Symbols=== | |||
{{further|Arces of Emerita|Coat of arms of Lucrecia}} | |||
{{multiple image | |||
| align = left | |||
| total_width = 340 | |||
| image1 = Guaita_Fortress_-_San_Marino_-_2024_02_13_-_GT_02_(details).jpg | |||
| caption1 = [[Vieto Retenor]] | |||
| image2 = RSM-San Marino136.jpg | |||
| caption2 = [[Torres Sacilla]] | |||
| image3 = San Marino - panoramio - Arwin Meijer (9).jpg | |||
| caption3 = [[Il Eremitaño]] | |||
}} | |||
One of the most well-known symbols of Lucrecia are the [[Arces of Emerita]], three forts that date back to the early years of the Emeritan Republic and are located on the island of Emerita's hill range. The most famous of the three forts is ''[[Vieto Retenor]]'' (Old Retainer). First built in the 2nd Century BC, its current form was not built until during the years of Caphiric suzerainty in the mid-10th Century; it houses a museum to honour the nation's history. ''[[Torres Sacilla]]'' (Chapel Tower), so-called due to its accompanying chapel within the fort, was built initially as a temple for the Latinic faith before being converted into a chapel upon the introduction of Christianity to Lucrecia; its modern form was built in the 12th Century and it currently serves as a monastery, having been converted into one in 1293. ''[[Il Eremitaño]]'' (The Hermit) is the smallest of the three forts and is currently a private residence owned by Isurian billionaire [[Iago Castro]]; the current tower was built in the 16th Century as part of an attempt to scare the inhabitants of the then-independent Isurian Generality that an invasion from the mainland was imminent. All three forts are depicted in the nation's coat of arms. | |||
Another well-known symbol of Lucrecia is the {{wp|Civic Crown}}, a representation of one of the nation's highest civilian honours, that being the [[Order of the Old Liberty]], is an ancient symbol that has existed since the Classical Era. Originally a {{wp|military decoration}} given to Emeritans who saved the lives of fellow Emeritan citizens, the civic crown became the headpiece for members of the Order when it was first established with its first member being [[Marcia Heroina Reipublicae]], an elderly woman who was said to have thwarted an attempted conspiracy to subvert the republic and transform it into a hereditary monarchy; the leader of the conspirators was exiled alongside his family and was subsequently condemned to {{wp|damnatio memoriae}}. | |||
==Economy and Infrastructure== | ==Economy and Infrastructure== | ||
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==Military== | ==Military== | ||
{{main|Lucrecian Armed Forces}} | |||
As one of the oldest extant armed forces in the world, the Lucrecian armed forces was established as the [[Emeritan Army]] and the [[Emertian Navy]] during the early years of the [[Emeritan Republic]] when it was a {{wp|city state}}. With the emergence of the Republic during the 2nd Century BC and the rise of the First Caphiric Imperium, the armed forces took on a more Caphiric character, with the army soon becoming the [[Emeritan Legion]] as it moved away from levies and conscripts to professionals and volunteers. The Legion and Navy would survive the Nobles' Treaty and remain in existence as the [[Lucrecian Republican Legion]] and the [[Lucrecian Republican Navy]], with the [[Lucrecian Republican Air Force]] eventually being formed in the early 20th Century as the invention of planes brought in a new air-bound theatre to future conflicts. Asides from the three main branches, there also exists the [[Lucrecian Republican Gendarmerie]], serving as the militarised arm of the nation's police service, the {{wp|guard of honour|ceremonial}} [[Lucrecian Republican Guard|Lucrecian Republican, Pretorian, and Consular Guard]] for the protection of government officials and the royal family during functions and parades (with everyday protection being provided by the [[Federal Protection Unit]], itself a branch of the nation's civilian police force the [[Lucrecian Federal Police]]), and the [[Lucrecian Republican Civil Force]], the nation's {{wp|military reserve force}} for all three of the main branches of the armed forces. | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||