Olmeria

Democratic Republic of Olmeria Demokratica Rendǿ Olmeria (Cordish)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: “Olme Corda. Olme Lingɇ. Olme Gauda” ("One Trust. One Life. One People")
Anthem: Var Soln eng Vatus
Location of Olmeria (dark green) In XXX (gray)
Capital and largest city	Neuvesto
Official languages	Cordish
Recognised national languages	Cordish Ruthi
Recognised regional languages	Sköldish Fhasen
Religion	Lindbergh Protestantism ~ 45% Levatian Catholicism ~ 21% Tradional Nordic ~ 12.5% Islam ~ 5.5% Other ~ 2.1% No religion/Unspecified ~ 13.9%
Demonym(s)	Olmerian (noun) Olmerian, Olmish (adjective) Olmerians (plural)
Government	Democratic Republic
• President	Këil Frieden
• Great Chieftain	Esmë Droido
• Speaker of the Senate	Orvar Göransson
Legislature	The People's Senate
Area
• Total	195,751.30 km2 (75,580.00 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate	24 Million
• Census	2030 = 23,964,337
• Density	122.42/km2 (317.1/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	estimate
• Total	Your GDP = $1,224,904,254,613.31
• Per capita	$51,113.63
Gini (2029)	29.1 low
HDI	0.895 very high
Currency	The Lund (Ⱡ)
Time zone	OST
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Mains electricity	230 V - 60Hz
Driving side	left
Calling code	+22

Olmeria, officially the Democratic Republic of Olmeria (Cordish: Demokratica Rendǿ Olmeria), is a island nation in the far reaching northern Continent of Kiroborea, although it is widely considered to be geopolitically closer to northern Levantia and the Ultmar region. Sitting on the north coast of the Sea of Nordska, Olmeria has no permanent land borders, but is connected to the Arctic to its north by seasonal ice for much of the year. To the south, the island of Weiss Insel (FI) can be found across the Olmerian Straights before reaching mainland Fiannria and the port city and capital of Brídhavn on the southern Nordska coast. Due west, around 2,500 km of ocean separate Olmeria from it's most culturally similar neighbour Vithinja. Between the two lies the isle of Vonein followed by the northeast coast of Caergwynn, roughly 2,000km from the Olmerian coast. To the east, little is found besides the expansive Levantine Ocean, although if travelling far enough one will eventually reach the Sea of Capelan and later the west coast of Crona.

The capital of Olmeria is its largest city, Neuvesto, a commercial and technological hub on the east coast. Other notable settlements include Lundholm, Olmeria's so called industrial capital in the northern regions of the nation, and Aalberg, the nations biggest trading city on the south coast. Olmeria has a population of around 24 million people following a population boom around the mid 20th century.

Etymology

Olmeria (oʊl/mɪ/ri/ə˞ˈ), is a Cordish word loosely translating to "oneness" in the context of a large body of people or organisations. The origins of the word are a contentious matter for modern historians but it is widely agreed that the name stems from pre-Cordish native languages as old as 100BC. Use of the ancient word "Olne" (oʊln) picked up around the 3rd century AD and can be seen regularly in old writings by 420 AD. The words meaning however was unclear and appears to have varied wildly between the different tribes that used it, with historians best guesses suggesting it was the name for a wide range of ancient rituals, usually involving some sort of hurling of rocks. This appears to later have developed into a word describing violent collisions (presumably derived from the impact of said rocks on their target).

To complicate things, the similar sounding word "Elmne", (pronounced ɜ˞lm) came into wider usage a century or so later, with the distinct meaning of "together, as one" . Linguists have long struggled to explain how such similarly sounding words developed almost simultaneously, but regardless of the reasons for the linearity, it has certainly created substantial difficulties for historians in determining the distinct origins of the current word.

The trail of both words goes cold from around 650 - 800 AD, with the next tangible evidence of the phonetically similar word "Olm" emerging soon after the turn of the 9th century. From here it's clear the word became widely used to mean "one", referencing the unity of a tribe, family or people. This slowly developed into the word "Olme" (see below) that can still be seen in modern Cordish language as the word for both "one" the numeric value and in it's other meanings.

The postfix -eria had experienced a surge in popularity from around 750 onwards, particularly amongst the warrior class, where warriors began to use the term "upheria" to describe feelings of adrenaline and hysteria associated with combat. This trend spread quickly amongst the lower class divisions affecting many existing words such as "but seemingly failed to influences the law-making classes until the mid 9th Century.

The term Olmeria itself can first be seen in in writings from the Great Chieftain Marco Reud in 856. Reud writes about the loss off "Olmeria" in the national community, seemingly referring to unity or national spirit. His use of the postfix -eria is the first such recorded example outside of soldiers and their families. Presumably Reud had picked up the trend from his men (who he was famously close to) and was attempting to encapture the idea of "oneness" or "feeling of being one" by using a postfix that had become so commonly associated with such abstract concepts.

The concept of "Olmeria" was not regularly revisited over the next few centuries until it came to the official establishment of the nation sometime in 1062. At this point, senior chieftains and intellectuals revisited Reud's work looking for inspiration from the nations history to embed into the 1st Constitution (a fact easily noted by historians for the clear annotations in the margins of many copies of Reud's works). What they found instead was a solution to the long running debate over the name of the newly established nation, one which had been raging for almost 3 years as various historic tribes and families vied to have their titles acknowledged in the modern country (a fact which lead several early drafts of the nation name to be over 3 pages in length). The idea of "Olmeria" or "Oneness" appealed greatly to those leaders and intellectuals who desperately craved a clean sheet from the simultaneously troubled, violent and stagnant early history of the land. In fact the contemporary chronicler Loke Åberg (who was also a senior advisor in the Council of Chieftains) noted how "the incessant roar of conflict that have plagued these halls for so many months were, so suddenly, cut to silence by the shouts of one, junior, advisor, who cried at the topmost end of his voice that he had found the perfect solution". Little more is known about the exact events that immediately followed this but drafts of the constitution dated just a few days later began to use Olmeria in the title and text, suggesting the response was at least close to unanimously in favour of the new name.

Curiously, following the adoption of Olmeria as the nations title, the use of postfix -eria once again dropped off a cliff and is now rarely, if ever, seen in the modern Cordish language.

As for which of the early words were the true predecessors to Olmeria, there are more schools of thought than people in the country to believe them. Many Olmerian historians argue the differences in meaning between "Olne" and "Olm" were substantial enough that, despite the phonetic similarities, it's impossible for the world to have evolved so quickly, thereby discounting Olne as a legitimate predecessor. They say it's plausible that the pronunciation of "Elmne" could have lead to a rapid change in spelling over just a few centuries with little change in meaning.

However other historians argue that such a change in spelling is itself impossible, discounting "Elmne" as a legitimate predecessor. Many suggest that in the ancient world the meaning of "violent collision" would be closer than a contemporary audience may imagine, given much of the religious imagery of the time focussed on worship by throwing rocks at idols to establish some sort of spiritual connection. While little is known about the old faiths to confirm this, it is plausible that the association between collision and spiritual worship allowed "Olne" to develop it's meaning faster than many other words at the time. Others suggest there was a reference to a senior deity as "The Great One" or similar, once again associating the two concepts. This is, however, contradicted heavily by the fact use of the word Olme to mean the numerical value one was not predominant in its early use, or in fact until much later in the 2nd millennia.

Yet more historians are on the fence, claiming that the phonetics, meaning and spelling of both origins combined to eventually result in the world "Olm". They argue the lack of recordings from the time suggest a literacy rate so low that any level of meaningful change in the language would almost certainly be passed on verbally, suggesting the similarly sounding words could have become confused with each other, with the resulting term adopting the phonetically logical spelling "Olne" along with the unified meaning. Historians in this category still hold widely split views on what proportion of influence each word held over the final meaning.

Some marginalised historians even argue that both words died out and were replaced by the new one with purely coincidental similarities, fabricated largely by historians in an attempt to explain the etymology more comprehensively.

History

Olmeria is a nation with a complex and diverse history that has fundamentally shaped so many facets of the nation today. The land Olmeria occupies (named Tarsa by local geologists since the early 10th century) has been settled for over two and a half millennia, witness to the rise and fall of multiple civilisations that form the roots of Olmerian history. From then, colonisation, war, famine, and political turmoil have all shaped the nations growth and development into a modern day hub for diplomacy and trade in the region.

Tribal Beginnings

The earliest records of settlement on Tarsa date back to around 500 BC, some of the oldest evidence of civilisation historians have found in northern Levantia. Knowledge about this early period remains limited by a lack of any surviving written sources, with writing and chronicling not becoming widespread in the region until much later. However, evidence from human remains, tools, and other items preserved almost perfectly, particularly in the colder northern climes of the nation, suggests the first settlers were a branch of Nogeath tribes who landed on west coast of the country, in waves stretching from 500 BC to as late as 250 BC.

Displaced People's

The origin of these tribes is somewhat uncertain, but links to the Vithinjian Nogeaths suggests they may have originated is western Ultmar, around where modern day Faneria's western border lies. Why these tribes left these lands so much earlier than their fellow countrymen, who didn't begin to arrive in Vithinja until the 8th century, is also a subject of speculation, but the most likely explanation appears to be that competition for resources drove some of the Nogeaths to seek out new hunting grounds. As the population of the tribes grew, competition for costal land amongst such a maritime group would have sky rocketed, and those who were forced inland may have chosen to move elsewhere rather than adapting to obtain food agriculturally and by hunting, without any access to the fish they had survived on for so long. It is also possible that existing tribes south of the Nogeath's homelands objected to the challenge to their lands and forced the displaced tribes to move on or face a confrontation. Inexperienced in land based conflict as the Nogeath were around this time, any who attempted to fight for new lands would likely have been slaughtered, and few remnants of their existence would remain today.

The Great Journey

Whatever the reason for this exodus, the movement of Nogeaths across northern Levantia is obvious from around 502 BC onwards. Written sources from the more advanced cultures in this region speak of long caravans of weary travellers passing major settlements, with accounts of similar occurrences common over the next 200 year period. It seems the Nogeath camped on beaches or lower sections of the coastline so they could continue to fish to provide food, and this in addition to occasional hunting meant they had little need to steal from those they passed. This lack of trouble making meant they were tolerated, if not wholly accepted, by the resident citizens of northern Levantia. Despite this, they tended to skirt major settlements and avoid the locals, and most accounts are clouded with a sense of mystery around the travellers, an attitude that went on to influence political relations on both sides for many years to come.

Settling Tarsa

The connection between the flow of people across northern Levantia and those who began to settle Tarsa just a few years later, is in the most part circumstantial, but it's hard to see where else these settlers could have come from. This, in addition to cultural similarities with the Nogeath who settled Vithinja, and comparative analysis of tools found by archaeologists on both sides of the ocean (pioneered by renowned Olmerian historian Philip Norström), mean historians are reasonably convinced of their connection. How exactly they reached Tarsa from the northern Levantia coast is a matter of speculation, with the trail of evidence running almost dry around where the modern day Faneria-Caergwynn border (on the north coast) lies. It's likely that when crossing into what is modern day Caergywnn and heading north, they faced resistance from resident para-Caeric people's in the norther parts of the continent, forcing them away from the coast and through the largely uninhabited inland mountains. Few records remain to confirm this, but it would explain why, a few months later, the Nogeath reached the north eastern Levantian coast (in modern day Fiannria). Tired of travelling for so long without finding a suitable place to settle, they set sail in the hope of finding a new, uninhabited region to end their travels. While the journey was far longer than expected, and took a somewhat roundabout route, the tribes eventually stumbled across Tarsa, and, despite it's harsh climate, were happy to settle somewhere where the coast would never be far away, and fish were aplenty. Word of their discovery made it back to those still traversing the Levantian mountains, or those reluctant to set sail at all, and soon a sizeable amount of those who had initially fled had made it to the Olmerian Nogeath's new home.

Early Conflict

While those settling Tarsa were almost entirely from the same broader Nogeath ethnicity, this was in no way a guarantee of their co-operation together. Tribes had travelled in distinct groups, and although they may have be acting off the same information, they certainly weren't acting as a cohesive unit.

The Great Chieftains

Small scale tribal conflicts over the early years of Tarsan settlement began to settle into something much more organised around 150 BC, when, driven by a need for co-operation in the brutally harsh conditions, smaller tribes began forming alliances stretching far beyond the fleeting military ones made during the early tribal conflicts. Gradually, the tribes became so interlinked that after 100 or so years (c.50 BC), they had pretty much merged into 5 distinct tribes around Tarsa, each claiming their own lands and ruling according to their own laws and customs. Each of these became ruled by one "Great Chieftain", a term gradually adopted at the time. The next 600 and more years became defined by side deals, hostile negotiations, and outright conflict between these 5 chieftains and their descendants. In 512 AD the chieftains signed the Early Constitution, unifying the tribes in a confederation that would eventually become Olmeria. While internal and external conflicts continued, as the tribes kept large parts of their autonomy, the power of the Chieftains began to naturally decline, tamed by their 4, equal, counterparts. Additionally, from around 600 AD, democratic tribal councils began spread in popularity, slowly reducing the Chieftain's role to that of a diplomatic figurehead. This didn't, however stop them remaining at least somewhat influential until the final, formal unification of the nation under the name "Olmeria" in 1062.

Mass Immigration

From around 890-1000AD, the population of Olmeria more than tripled due to mass immigration from Noborea. Viking raiders are first reported to have discovered the lands around 820, towards the start of the Reaver Period.

Establishment and Early Years

The formal unification of tribes in Tarsa came in 1062, after more than half a century of informal agreements blurred tribal classifications to the extent it no longer made sense for the country to remain divided. However, while the need for unification was mutually agreed by senior tribal members

Geography

• 
  The Rostad Glacier in the mountainous central regions of Olmeria, bathed in typically harsh northern sunlight
• 
  The Schei Plains, a national park in the warmer southern regions
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  The industrial northern city of Lundholm coated in snow year round
• 
  The harbour of Aalberg, a trading city on the south coast of Olmeria
• 
  The modern business center of Olmeria's capital, Neuvesto
• 
  The Tvedt Icefall at the base of Olmeria's tallest mountain, Mount Kioski
• 
  The quaint seafront of peaceful town Njaholt
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  Winding mountain roads leading into the remote village of Álfsnes

Olmeria is a geographically isolated nation situated in Kiroborea, on the north coast of the Sea of Nordska. Through the summer, Olmeria is reasonably well connected to the rest of Northern Levantia by high speed ferries, larger car/passenger boats and well used commercial shipping lanes. In the winter however, the risk of icebergs limits transport between it and the rest of the world to essential cargo ships and flights to the nation's 5 international airports. Even these are more than infrequently disrupted by extreme storms and blizzards. It's isolated nature has contributed to many a historical crisis and mean the nation is now reliant on stockpiling enough food and other resources throughout summer to survive the winter in whatever conditions may occur.

Internally, Olmeria's geographical makeup is striking, notable for it's distinct settleability, combined with some of the most breath-taking and remote scenery in the world. The majority of the population is located in the south-eastern quadrant of the country, where expansive coastal plains make city building much easier, and fresh water is in abundant supply from several major rivers running down from the mountains. 4 of Olmeria's 5 largest cities lie on the south-eastern and southern coasts of the nation, with the whole XXXXkm region containing over 72% of the population. While the southern west coast also contains several settlements, it's backed by li Lítið Søsters, and li Igatsojjas, two mountain ranges that make their quick access from the rest of the country unreliable and often dangerous. By far the nations biggest mountain range, however, is li Mätvhas, a range stretching diagonally from the center of the country to almost the north-east coast. The range contains no civilisation bar a few remote villages, but is famous for its treacherous nature, and harsh beauty for those who dare to seek it. In it is found Mount Kioski, the nations tallest mountain at nearly 6,100km in height, and one which no climber has yet successfully summited, although 6 have died trying. Further north, the land is once again flat, although sparsely populated due to the extreme weather year round. The one exception to this is the northern industrial city of Lundholm, the "oil city", so called because of its close connection with supplying workers to the nearby northern oil mines.

Climate and environment

As one of the most northern nations in the world, Olmeria has an unsurprisingly cold climate, officially classified as a polar climate, or Dfc on the Köppen climate classification.

Government and Politics

Main Article: Olmerian Politics

Olmeria is a Unicameral Democratic Republic, divided into the executive Council of Chiefs (presided over by the President of Olmeria), and legislative body The People's Senate. The nation is split into 100 Multi-Member Constituencies which elect representatives according to the STV voting system. Olmeria also has 82 administrative districts managed by regional and local councils, including 4 metropolitan zones. General elections are held after every set 4 year term to elect the Senate and President, while local elections are held annually (excluding General Election years) with 1/3 of councillors up for election each time.

The President

Main Article: The President of Olmeria

The democratically elected post of President of Olmeria combines the traditional roles and duties of both the Head of State and Head of Government, meaning the President is responsible for a combination of executive legislative decisions and ceremonial and diplomatic representation of the nation. The president is elected concordantly with the legislative body as the leader and representative of a certain political party.

While the president can be deemed the highest power in the state, in accordance with the 2nd Olmerian Constitution the power of the President is fully accountable to veto by the Council of Chiefs and People's Senate by a series of constitutional safeguards. Any one President is limited to a maximum of four consecutive terms in office and a total of 6 in their lifetime.

Olmeria has had a total of XX Presidents since the post was adopted in XXXX. The current President of Olmeria is President Këil Frieden.

The Council of Chiefs

Main Article: Council of Chiefs

Specific government departments within Olmeria are headed up by traditionally entitled "Chiefs" (Honorific Chf), responsible for making up the bulk of a government and coordinating government policy within their area. 20 of these Chiefs are appointed to form a cabinet like Council which advises the president on matters of significance. Of these 20, 15 are appointed directly by the current president from elected representatives in The People's Senate, almost always from their party. This includes the Great Chieftain who fulfils a vice president type role as chair of the Council in the presidents absence and second in command of the nation. The Council also includes 4 specialist advisors on Military, Industry, Health and Finance who are unelected and not bound by a presidents term limit. These individuals are selected from the top of various government departments or relevant organisations based on their expertise and fulfil an entirely advisory role to the president and Chiefs of their respective department. The final position on the Council is filled by the Olmerian Ambassador to the League of Nations, a senior diplomat appointed by promotion within the Foreign Affairs government departments.

The Speaker of the Senate (see below) is not constitutionally considered a member of the Council of Chiefs, however is formally responsible for communications between the council and the Senate, such that many political experts consider the role effectively that of a chief.

Throughout it's history a total of XXX people have held a role on the Council of Chiefs. The current Great Chieftain is Chf Esmë Droido.

The People's Senate

Main Articles: The People's Senate, Speaker of the Senate

The People's Senate is the legislative body of Olmeria, responsible for drafting, debating, and voting on legislation affecting the nation. Due to the Unilateral nature of the Olmerian constitution, the Senate combines the traditional roles of both upper and lower chambers, holding legislative powers as well as the constitutional and review based roles usually fulfilled by a second, upper, chamber. Amongst other things, the Senate is responsible for voting on budgets, new laws, confidence in government and CoC appointments. The senate has 800 seats elected from 100 multi-member constituencies (each electing 8 Senators) by single transferable vote (STV) voting. Members of the Senate, called Practicing Senators, or commonly just Senators (Honorific Prs), form the basic recruitment pool for government personal, represent regional interests nationally, and vote on legislation.

The Senate is chaired by the Speaker of the Senate, commonly just "the speaker", responsible for organising debate, presenting legislation, formally reporting the Senate's conclusions to the Council of Chiefs, and fulfilling several ceremonial functions such as the Opening of the Senate and announcement of the budget. The current speaker is Prs Orvar Göransson.

The Senate currently contains representatives from 9 political bodies (including 3 formal coalition pacts), and 1 independent Senator.

Administrative Divisions

Main Article: Administrative Districts of Olmeria

Local government in Olmeria is organised into two tiers. Upper tier authorities consist of regional boards presiding over the the nations 16 official provinces, usually encompassing a substantial area, and metropolitan councils presiding over the nations 4 designated metropolitan zones. These authorities hold responsibility for enacting government initiatives, allocating money for larger spending projects, and managing province wide networks such as high speed rail links. Lower tier authorities sit underneath their relevant upper tier authority, and consist of district, town and city councils presiding over much smaller local municipalities. These authorities are responsible for more menial management of local affairs such as road maintenance and local public transport. Special cases occur regarding Metropolitan zones, as there are no lower tier authorities beneath, and the whole zone remains under the singular Metropolitan council.

Local government below these two tiers, such as borough, small town and village councils, are not considered part of the national government structure and as such are named "sub-state authorities".

There are 20 upper tier authorities in Olmeria, and 72 lower tier authorities, making a total of 92 governmental administrative districts. These districts are run by elected councillors, or regional representatives (shorthand: regional reps) in the case of regional boards, and metropolitan councillors in the case of metropolitan councils.

Politics

Main Article: Olmerian Politics

The political background and history of Olmeria is complex, with multiple reforms creating defining moments in the growth and decline in support for specific parties and individuals. Ideologically, despite the name of Olmeria's legislative body appearing to be typical of a socialist nation, the country is not, constitutionally at least, particularly politically biased either way. However it is true to say that left wing politics have experienced significant success and popularity within the nation, although recent trends indicate an increase in support for both centrist and extreme right policies.

History

Historically, Olmeria used to operate a First Past the Post (FPTP) voting system, a well known system renowned for it's tendency to create a two party system. As such, the nations political landscape for the first X centuries after the formal establishment of the democratic system, were defined predominantly by the competition between the center-left Unity Party and the more extreme socialist Olmerian Socialist Union (OSU), which dominated party politics for more than XXX years. In 1970, Olmeria transitioned to the revolutionary STV voting system (pioneered by political philosopher Wilhelm Svensson), threatening the dominance of these two parties. Over the following decade, following widely split senates, both parties went on to form long-term parliamentary agreements, with the Unity party adopting the Liberal Party, and later the CDU, to form the more centrist Unity Coalition, and the OSU joining with the original Olmerian Workers Party (now reformed under the same name), and the TUSC to form the similarly left wing Progress Coalition.

Modern Political Landscape

The make-up of the People's Senate following the 2031 elections

Now, due to the use of highly proportional voting system single transferable vote (STV), Olmerian politics are nuanced and variable, usually relying on some form of power sharing agreement. In fact in the XX years since the modern voting system was adopted, only 1 government has ruled with an outright majority, with this being by the Progress Coalition, following it's inaugural election success in 1978.

The biggest parties in the current Senate are the Unity and Progress Coalitions, with the liberal Justice Party and conservative Jönsson Pact also holding significant presence. After winning the most seats in the 2031 elections, the Unity Coalition is currently the major partner in a centrist coalition government with the Justice Party, together holding a 44 seat majority in the Senate. President Këil Frieden, Speaker Prs Orvar Göransson and 11 of the 15 appointed chiefs are all Unity Party Senators, while Great Chieftain Chf Esmë Droido and 3 other chiefs represent the Justice Party.

Current smaller parties holding seats in the Senate include the reformed far-left Olmerian Workers Party (OWP), the far-right Olmerian Nationalist Party (ONP), the Centrist Party, the Green Party, and the CPRO.

The Legal and Justice System

Main Articles: Olmerian Justice System, Supreme Court of Olmeria, Olmerian Laws

The legal system of Olmerian is tiered according to severity of cases and the need for political impartiality. The system is managed by the Olmerian Executive Justice Board (OEJB) fully independently of the government.

Supreme Court of Olmeria

The SCO (Supreme Court of Olmeria) is the official judiciary of the nation, holding the highest authority on legal rulings. The SCO rules primarily on cases pertaining to political queries over the application of constitutional or common law in governance, in addition to politicians facing criminal trials relating to their work, and any serious political offenses. The SCO is also the final court of appeal for all criminal and civil cases.

The SCO is completely independent of government to protect its integrity. In fact, the government is constitutionally required to refrain from interfering in court proceedings, adhere to Supreme Court rulings, and refer any relevant matters promptly to the SCO. SCO judges and senior staff are selected based on competence and prior experience by the recruitment board of the OEJB.

Lower Legal Framework

Beneath the SCO, Olmeria's court system is divided into two distinct, parallel systems ruling over administrative and general (civil and criminal) matters respectively. All criminal and civil cases will in most circumstances first be referred to a local district court for review, of which there are more than 50 in the country. If the case is low-level it will be heard and ruled on in the district court. If it is a more serious criminal or civil offence, the case will be passed on to a regional court (of which there are 16), and heard and ruled on there. If the case is appealed, the court of appeal will review the case and determine if there is enough evidence for an appeal. If they deem there is enough evidence, the case will be heard again in the court of appeal and a new verdict reached on whether or not to uphold the original sentence. Very serious or contentious cases and appeals not eligible for Supreme Court consideration are heard by the High Court of Olmeria. Cases can only be appealed to the Supreme Court if they are deemed to have no precedent in current legislature or common law.

Laws

Olmeria's laws are reasonably liberal as a results of successive centrist and left leaning governments, and although criticism of them is very vocal amongst certain right wing groups, the general public perspective has always been reasonably in support of progressive, contemporary laws. The country prides itself on a generally open and welcoming culture, with relaxed immigration and tourism laws, tolerance of other cultures, and government protected rights for individuals of all backgrounds coming to the country. Non-heterosexual relationships have been legal in Olmeria since 1963, and gay marriage was formerly legalised in 1982 with the Freedom of Sexuality Act . This same act banned conversion therapy in all its forms, and later amendments have formally entrenched the right of gay couples to adopt children, express their sexuality openly in public, and not to face discrimination as a result of their sexuality. The Inclusion Act (1991) explicitly extended these rights to all members of the LGBTQ+ community, although the exact nature of transgender rights remain a contentious issue in contemporary Olmerian politics.

Olmeria was the first country to abolish the death penalty, with capital and corporal punishment in all forms having been outlawed in Olmeria since 1959, although in practice the last such execution was 2 decades earlier. Punishment in general is lenient compared to much of the world, with a focus on incarceration for reform and protection rather than punishment.

The Second Constitution of Olmeria provides an absolute legislative framework for the operation of government, the judiciary and the executive. The constitution can be amended only by 2/3rds majority in the Senate.

Demographics

Olmeria is a diverse nation defined by years of colonisation, immigration and hardship. Recent immigration mixed with slightly less recent population boom make for an interesting mix in demographics across Olmeria's different generations, but society is generally cohesive and co-operative.

Ethnicity

Self-reported ethnic origin in the Democratic Republic of Olmeria (2030)

  1 People (81.4%)

  2 People (7.2%)

  3 People (3.8%)

  4 People (2.8%)

  5 People (2.2%)

  6 People (1.4%)

  Other (1.2%)

What ethnic groups make up your country?

Language

The only official language of Olmeria is Cordish, which is spoken by over 96% of the population (92% fluently) and the accepted language for all official proceedings, education, road signs, and more. Ruthi, the official language of Vithinja, is recognised as a national language, meaning it's usage is protected by the government, and is known by a significant proportion of the population (around 28%), due to colonial history and modern day trade partnerships. Regionally recognised languages are Sköldish, a harsh northern tongue spoken in rural mountain communities and those on the icy northern plains, and Fhasen, a widely spoken northern Levantian language, common in the southern regions due to years of trading with northern Levantia.

Religion

Religious affiliations in the XXX (20XX)

  Lindbergh Protestantism (45.0%)

  Levantine Catholicism (21.0%)

  Traditional Nordic (12.5%)

  Islam (5.5%)

  Other (2.1%)

  None (13.9%)

Lindbergh Protestantism, a close relation to the Vithinjan Church of Rolv, is the largest religion in Olmeria, with around 45% of the population following it. Traditional Levantine Catholicism, spread by migration and evangelism from the continent, is the second most popular at 21%. Traditional Nordic religions, classed under one banner for the purposes of general censuses, maintain a significant percentage, unlike anywhere else in the world, especially in the more rural regions of the nation. Following of Islam is also abundant in recent migrant communities from further afield.

Education

Around 83% of the Olmerian population have received an education up to the age of 16, with 66% (and 88% of those under 30) having been in some sort of education until they became an adult at 18. Higher education is growing in popularity, and around 35% of student cohorts attend university every year, with a further 13% pursuing other forms of higher education (e.g Degree Apprenticeships). Private education is rare due to high levels of taxation, and over 95% of current school students attend state schools.

Culture and Society

What do your people do, and what are they like?

Education

Olmeria's formal state education system is non-linear, with multiple points where option is given to students to decide on their future paths of education. While optional earlier education exists, all children must start school in Lillë-bas Sköle at the age of 4 years old, where they stay for three years learning very basic reading and writing and numeracy, and where the foundations of general learning and development principles are laid. At the age of 7, children move up to Förstskap Sköle , where they study for 4 years learning rudimentary literacy and numeracy, alongside science, geography and history, and then some of music, languages and technology depending on the school. As Lillë-bas and Förstskap Sköle are often combined into one institution, many children move schools for the first time at the age of 11, when they move up to Hövdsköle. Here students study what is know as the "Induction Years", where for two years they must take lessons in science, maths, cordish, history, geography, modern foreign languages (at schools discretion), art, music, theatre, technology and sports. After these two year, at the age of 13, students have to opportunity to narrow down their learning by choosing a combination of 7-11 academic (OSEC's) and vocational (PTSQ's) qualifications, including mandatory subjects maths, cordish and combined sciences. Students may also leave Hövdsköle at this point, or at any time during the next two years of study, to attend a technical or professional college, however this is somewhat rare and only a few such colleges accept students of this age. Students study these selected subjects for three years until the age of 16, when they sit final exams/submit coursework for their selected subjects and receive relevant grades and qualifications. Here, students choose between remaining at Hövdsköle for a further two years to study for a General Standard/Advanced Diploma (GSD or GAD), moving to a focussed academic college to study for specific Standard or Advanced Diplomas, or leaving to a technical or professional college to study for PTAQ's, apprenticeships or Technical Standard/Advanced Diplomas (TSD/TAD's). University in Olmeria is known as Háskóli.

Attitudes and worldview

How do your country's people view life?

Kinship and family

How are families or kinship groups structured in your country?

Cuisine

What do your people eat?

Religion

Religion in Olmeria is reflective of it's diverse and varying cultures, with no one religion followed by the majority of the population. Initially, it's important to note that the Olmerian state is strictly secular, meaning the government does not endorse any specific religion and government proceedings are entirely separate from religious influence or bodies. While there are three state recognised religions (Protestantism, Catholicism and Traditional Nordic), this is primarily for practical, legislative and historical reasons because of these religions status' as the most prominent in the nations, rather than a specific endorsement.

Arts and Literature

Art, Music, Literature and Architecture, amongst other things, are key parts of Olmerian culture. From the sharp contours of Albin Blix's iconic buildings to nu-metal heavyweights Mortal Rogue, famous thriller writer David Fältskog and contemporary artist Faje Afzelius, Olmeria hosts a wealth of modern and historic creative works. Arts and literature are offered to all students for study from the age of 10 and there is a number of arts colleges and higher education opportunities in the nation.

Sports

Main Article: Sports in Olmeria

Olmeria, despite it's size, is a proud, and successful (although never dominant) sporting nation. The nation has senior professional divisions and a national team in 6 major team sports, in addition to being well renowned for it's prowess in winter sport competitions, particularly track events and biathlon skiing. In fact, Olmeria is the birthplace of the first winter track sport, bobsleigh, invented in peculiar circumstances in XXXX. Since it's independence in XXXX, several Olmerian athletes have gained substantial status and fame within their fields, most recognisably bobsleigh captain and later TV personality Melker Bergius, footballer Olle Aberg and F1 driver Viktor Stenström.

The sporting industry in Olmeria, and the media sector that goes alongside it, is estimated to be worth around Ⱡ1.5bn. Sponsorship and television rights play a large part in the commercial factor of this revenue, however the majority still comes from grassroots purchases of matchday tickets and sporting equipment by the Olmerian populace. Football (aka soccer in some regions of the world) is the most popular sport both in terms of viewing figures and commercial success, with ice hockey a close competitor for household viewership. In fact the rivalry between the two sports is so strong that most Olmerians watch and follow just one of the OHL and the Første Liga (although this feud doesn't extend to international competitions, which garner the support of the whole nation).  

Football

Football is the largest sport in Olmeria, and watched regularly by many households in the nation. Olmeria's reputable top division is the Første Liga (english: top league), followed by the Lëiga Lige, and then the Liga Olme and Liga Gret. Below this Olmeria has a reasonably substantial community of so called non league football, with one national Liga Nul , and then around 4-7 more tiers of officially recognised football depending on the specific region.

Olmeria's national team is proficient, if not widely successful, internationally. The nationwide fan base can at the very least be said to be incredibly enthusiastic and dedicated to the sport and nation when it comes to international competitions, with the Olmerian ultras infamous enough to be dubbed "The Thunderheads" by both Olmerians and opposition supporters alike.

Economy and Infrastructure

Olmeria has had a mixed, trade based, economy since it's independence in XXXX. The free market is heavily regulated in areas such as corporate profits, employee rights, and foreign trade by government policy, although aside from this there is little intervention. Production and supply of food and medication in particular are very closely monitored by the government as a result of Olmeria's isolated nature and food production deficit, making the matter one of national security. Key domestic industries such as healthcare, transportation, national finance, and energy are all fully or partially nationalised.

Industries and Sectors

Energy

By far the most valuable industry in Olmeria over the past century has been in fossil fuels. The northern parts of the nation contains large reserves of oil and natural gas both on land and in the neighbouring waters. Obtaining these resources has created a thriving mining industry so populous it quickly gave rise to the third biggest city in the country, Lundholm, and to this day employs more than 15% of the nations working age citizens. Fossil fuels mined in Olmeria have lead to cheap energy costs within the country for many years, in addition to making up a large proportion of the nations global exports. Over recent years, the nation has begun to transition to cleaner energy, making use of weather conditions with new wind and hydroelectric facilities, but the fossil fuel industry remains prominent and is unlikely to be going anywhere anytime soon.

Fish

Fishing has been a cornerstone of the Olmerian nation since its creation, forming a fundamental food source for early settlers and later the countries earliest bargaining chips when it came to fostering international trade links. Not only is it intrinsically tied to the national identity however, it is also still one of the countries biggest industries both domestically and internationally.

Currency and Finance

The official currency of Olmeria is the Lund (Ⱡ). Currency and its value is regulated by the nationalised National Bank of Olmeria (NBO), which is responsible for managing exchange rates, setting interest rates and coining the Lund. One Lund is worth around $ 1.23 USD, and is subdivided into 100 Öber (occasionally denoted Ö). The standardised format for writing prices in Olmeria is Ⱡ1.45 (1 Lund, 45 Öbers), although the alternative formats Ⱡ1 Ö45 and 1.45Ⱡ are used occasionally in informal situations.

Healthcare

Healthcare in Olmeria is partly nationalised, funded by a mandatory national health insurance system (NHI) and organised by Public-Private Partnership (PPP). The individual management of healthcare facilities is usually subcontracted to private companies with Service Level Agreements (SLAs), which outline the scope of services to be provided, the performance metrics that must be achieved and the distribution of financial risk sharing. Usually private companies take responsibility for managing small fluctuations in regards to finances, while government agree to insure against large scale disruptive evets. The overall system is managed by the government department for health, who oversee the awarding of SLAs, ensure the quality of service remains high, set regulations, and determines the distribution of funding raised by the NHI scheme. NHI funding is used by government to pay for SLA contracts, making healthcare free at point of access for all native Olmerians.

Labour

Labour in Olmeria is heavily regulated with regards to the protection of workers rights, safety and equalities. Unions are permitted in all industries, and mandated in a few specific sectors. Most medium to large sectors or professions have a dedicated union, in addition to general workers unions and other sectional pressure groups.

Transportation

How do people in your country get around? Is there a major highway system as well as sea- and airports?

Energy

What type of energy keeps your nation going? Are you renewable or use fossil fuels, and if you are renewable, how recently did your country transition?

Technology

How advanced is your country? Is it an innovator, or does it largely import new developments?

Military

Olmeria's military forces are divided into 4 branches, overseen by the Olmerian Military Commission (OMC):

• the Army
• the Navy, inc. the Marine Corps
• the Airforce
• Special Operational Forces (OSOF)

For the entirety of it's existence, the Navy has naturally been the biggest Olmerian force, and the primary source of defence in the country. As of 2034, the Navy consisted of 193 commissioned warships, including 2 aircraft carriers, 8 submarines (of which 3 are nuclear powered), 15 destroyers, 18 corvettes, 8 frigates, 3 cruisers 20 landing vessels and 121 high speed combat vessels. The NSF (Navy Support Force), also consists of 63 support vessels including minesweepers, minelayers, signal intelligence, operational command centres, patrol boats, salvage vessels and training ships. There are 23,450 active personnel in the Navy (plus an additional 8,620 marines), and 3,420 reservists.

By comparison, the Army is much smaller, and largely a volunteer defence force. It consists of only 7,590 active serving personnel, including units of light infantry, air assault, mechanised infantry, heavy infantry and support (engineers, medical etc). The army also has a total of around 580,000 available reserves, the large majority of which are Standard Reservists, meaning they received the mandatory 6 or 12 month military training upon turning 18. There are also around 32,000 more highly trained Volunteer Reservists, who voluntarily opt to undergo regular military training alongside a civilian job, and 12,430 Professional Reservists, who are retired serving personnel or those on long term leave (6 months or more). This makes a total of over 600,000 army reserves that can be called upon in case of an invasion or other serious threat, although such event has not occurred since the creation of the armed forces.

The Airforce is moderately sized and highly advanced.

OSOF, the Olmerian Special Operational Forces, is a small, highly specialised, branch consisting of technical units designed for non-standard warfare and defence operations. It consists of the SOAF (Special Operational Airforce), SOGF (Special Operational Ground Force) and SOMF (Special Operational Marine Force), in addition to the renowned cross discipline Ranger Division (nicknamed the Night Squad on account of it's prowess at covert operations). Figures for the size of the force are hard to find, as it is highly secretive, but estimates put the combined forces at around 1,200 personnel. OSOF are used regularly outside of conflicts to support counter terrorism police, run covert operations in rival nations, run hostage evacuations of Olmerian citizens, assassinations or captures of high value targets, counter insurgency and intelligence.

The OMC is a politically neutral government body and the chair or deputy-chair sits on the Council of Chiefs as a specialist military advisor, and have traditionally have had substantial influence on decisions made by the council on matters of potential conflict. The OMC are responsible for all operational management of the 4 branches of the military, meaning they oversee the deployment of forces, hiring of senior military staff, and military strategy. Devolved departments of the OMC include the Military Justice Department (MJD), Cohesion Department (CD) and Military Support Department (MSD), in addition to departments for each of the military branches, each of which is further subdivided into divisions for specialist areas like medical or mechanical units.

The MJD are responsible for upholding military law, and ruling on the behaviours, verdicts and punishments of generals if a serving member makes a complaint/appeal. The CD are responsible for ensuring effective co-operation between branches, both by facilitating communication and planning joint branch strategy, in the aim of optimising the effectiveness of operations involving two or more of the branches. The MSD are responsible for military support units and equipment that don't fit under the traditional divisions. This includes management of Olmeria's moderate (non-nuclear) ICBM stock, along with other missile and anti-missile units. They also oversee the work of support units in all the branches, and are responsible for organising medical support and aid outside of the branches (eg. home based military hospitals, post deployment care, serious medical cases, mental health training and support).

The Department for Military Affairs is a separate, much smaller, government department, led by a politically affiliated minister, who represent the interests of the military in the Senate, and organise the governmental side of Military Affairs. They hold authority over executive military decisions and general strategy (beneath the President), but are usually not heavily involved in small-scale strategy management and organisation.