Pelaxia: Difference between revisions
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|percent_water = | |percent_water = | ||
|area_label2 = <!-- label below area_label (optional) --> | |area_label2 = <!-- label below area_label (optional) --> | ||
|population_estimate = | |population_estimate = 245,445,883 | ||
|population_estimate_rank = | |population_estimate_rank = | ||
|population_estimate_year = | |population_estimate_year = 2038 | ||
|population_census = | |population_census = 219,610,000 | ||
|population_census_year = 2030 | |population_census_year = 2030 | ||
|population_density_km2 = 116.85 | |population_density_km2 = 116.85 | ||
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===Legislative=== | ===Legislative=== | ||
{{main|Federal Parliament (Pelaxia)}} | {{main|Federal Parliament (Pelaxia)}} | ||
The [[Federal Parliament (Pelaxia)|Federal Parliament]] serves as the legislative branch of the federal government. It is a {{wp|bicameralism|bicameral}} legislature and consists of the [[Federal Congress (Pelaxia)|Federal Congress]] as the popularly-elected lower house and the [[Federal Council (Pelaxia)|Federal Council]] as the indirectly-elected upper house. Members of the Federal Congress, known as [[Deputy (Pelaxia)|deputies]], serve a five-year term and are elected based on a {{wp|mixed-member proportional representation}} system, combining {{wp|first-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post}} constituencies with {{wp|party-list proportional representation}} seats with a ratio of one proportional representation seat for every constituency before including {{wp|overhang seat|overhang}} {{wp|leveling seat|leveling}}; the legal minimum amount of seats for the Federal Congress is 720, with 360 constituencies and a minimum of 360 proportional representation seats. The Federal Council is comprised of 132 [[Officer of the Federal Council|officers of the council]], with twenty-five officers from the Montanaro Group, the Jusonia Group, the Oretania Group, the Savria Group, and the Termia Group, with six officers from | The [[Federal Parliament (Pelaxia)|Federal Parliament]] serves as the legislative branch of the federal government. It is a {{wp|bicameralism|bicameral}} legislature and consists of the [[Federal Congress (Pelaxia)|Federal Congress]] as the popularly-elected lower house and the [[Federal Council (Pelaxia)|Federal Council]] as the indirectly-elected upper house. Members of the Federal Congress, known as [[Deputy (Pelaxia)|deputies]], serve a five-year term and are elected based on a {{wp|mixed-member proportional representation}} system, combining {{wp|first-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post}} constituencies with {{wp|party-list proportional representation}} seats with a ratio of one proportional representation seat for every constituency before including {{wp|overhang seat|overhang}} {{wp|leveling seat|leveling}}; the legal minimum amount of seats for the Federal Congress is 720, with 360 constituencies and a minimum of 360 proportional representation seats. The Federal Council is comprised of 132 [[Officer of the Federal Council|officers of the council]], with twenty-five officers from the Montanaro Group, the Jusonia Group, the Oretania Group, the Savria Group, and the Termia Group, with six officers from Santa Dominga, and one officer from Freda Island. Officers of the Federal Council are elected by the legislatures of the member provinces in each council group, and serve for life with the option to retire upon turning 75. | ||
===Judicial=== | ===Judicial=== | ||
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* Community Ownership: Enterprises which are collectively owned by the general public in a given community. This form of social ownership is the most common form of social ownership in the retail sector, with numerous stores being owned by the very local community it serves, but can also be found in the service and hospitality sectors in some of the nation's {{wp|resort town|resort towns}}. | * Community Ownership: Enterprises which are collectively owned by the general public in a given community. This form of social ownership is the most common form of social ownership in the retail sector, with numerous stores being owned by the very local community it serves, but can also be found in the service and hospitality sectors in some of the nation's {{wp|resort town|resort towns}}. | ||
===Sovereign National Fund=== | |||
===National | The [[FONAS|Sovereign National Fund]] (FONAS) is the {{wp|sovereign wealth fund}} in charge of allocating the revenues generated by PETROPEL into the economy. Prior to its establishment in 2002, this was handled by the [[Ministry of Economics and Finance (Pelaxia)|Ministry of Economics and Finance]] which held the fund on behalf of the citizenry, but now transfer the funds to FONAS. FONAS manages the revenues on behalf of the ministry, and is advised by the ministry to determine its investment strategies. Once it is given PETROPEL's revenue, FONAS invests the money abroad into {{wp|Foreign direct investment|international equities}}, {{wp|Fixed income|fixed-income markets}}, and {{wp|real estate investment fund|real estate}}; FONAS is barred from making investments into domestic enterprises due to concerns over potential {{wp|Overheating (economics)|economic overheating}} as well as fluctuations in the price of oil. FONAS aims to maintain a {{wp|Diversification (finance)|diversified investment}} within the guidelines and advice given by the ministry so as to minimise both {{wp|financial risk|risk}} and {{wp|Volatility (finance)|volatility}} as well as the potential consequences should a constituent part of the investment fail. | ||
The [[ | |||
FONAS was established to give the Pelaxian government flexibility in its fiscal policy should oil prices drop or the economy enters into a {{wp|recession}}, and has served as a tool to handle the increasing financial burdens of an {{wp|Population ageing|ageing populace}} and the inevitable drop in oil revenues. All in all, it is meant to be a form of long-term reserve fund for use in emergencies, and thus is designed in a way to make any withdrawal from it quick and easy. Because of its importance and intended use, FONAS is an integral part of the federal government's annual budget with its inflow consisting of PETROPEL revenues, PETROPEL-related financial transactions, and the amount spent from revenues generated by non-PETROPEL investments. Years in which FONAS sees a net gain in its inflow are indicative of annual budget surpluses. Fiscal policy pertaining to FONAS is based on the guideline that the percentage of inflow from non-PETROPEL revenues is estimated to be at around thirty percent. The percentage serves as the basis for the establishment of the "spending rule" in 2015 which dictates that no more than thirty percent of the fund shall be withdrawn in a given year under normal circumstances. | |||
FONAS makes use of its two primary characteristics, those being in terms of its long-term approach as well as its considerable size, to guarantee the generation of a strong inflow as well as to guarantee a safeguard for future generations. As FONAS cannot invest into the Pelaxian economy, investments are always made to the economies of other nations, with a preference towards stable yet growing economies as well as investments into foreign enterprises and assets to ensure that its inflow from returns can remain high yet consistently stable at the same time while remaining within the guidelines as set by the ministry. The [[Federal Sovereign Income Agency (Pelaxia)|Federal Sovereign Income Agency]] (AFIS) was established alongside FONAS to handle the transfer of FONAS revenues into the federal government. | |||
===Infrastructure and Transportation=== | |||
Due to its strategic position as a result of its location by the shores of the Kindreds Sea, Pelaxia serves as a major transport hub between mainland Sarpedon and the Vallsoi {{wp|subcontinent}}. Its road network is one of the most extensive in all of Sarpedon. Developed in the 1960s, the Pelaxian Interprovincial System was initially designed to ensure ease of travel near northern coastal areas before being expanded to span the entire country. The Pelaxian road network is the primary carrier of both freight and passenger traffic and totals up to nearly three million kilometres with roughly forty thousand being a part of the interprovincial system as of 2029. Pelaxia has three {{wp|international airports}} which are, from largest to smallest, the [[Albalitor International Airport]], the [[Villa Delfia Airport]], and the [[Paluzar Airport]], and it has approximately three thousand smaller airports which are designated for public use. The [[Port of Albalitor]] serves as the primary centre of trade between Vallos and mainland Sarpedon and is one of the largest {{wp|container ports}} in the world. | |||
Pelaxia is a major producer of both {{wp|fossil fuels}} and {{wp|hydroelectricity}} with the two sources respectively generating 40% and 35% of all energy used annually. Pelaxia was an early adopter of hydroelectricity, having constructed some of the earliest hydroelectric dams in the 1930s to handle the increasing energy strain and even {{wp|Brownout (electricity)|brownouts}} which emerged as a result of a rapidly-growing population in the northern areas. Unlike other countries, Pelaxia has historically held a strong {{wp|Anti-nuclear movement|anti-nuclear}} stance and thus each successive government since the mid-20th Century has maintained a policy of having little to no {{wp|nuclear power plants}} in the country. Indeed, Pelaxia has only one fully operational nuclear power plant which is located near the city of [[Jojoba]] which was built in 1959 and began operation in 1962. Much of Pelaxia's anti-nuclear stances is derived from both major anti-nuclear protests throughout the 1960s as well as extensive lobbying from both oil and gas executives and government policy greatly favouring oil exportation. As such, any talk about using alternative sources of energy have primarily been limited to advocation for either {{wp|solar energy|solar}} or {{wp|wind energy}}. | |||
The rail system of Pelaxia has had a long history of use starting in the 1850s after the final abolition of the Pelaxian monarchy. The development and subsequent decline and revival of the rail network has long been deeply linked to the policies pursued by the federal and provincial governments due to it being a federation with autonomous administrative divisions. The periods of great growth and development of the rail network has been divided between several decades, starting with the 1850s as part of the country modernising after the fall of the monarchy, the 1870s as part of the newly federalised nation promoting national unity, the 1920s as part of an extensive upgrade to the existing network, the 1930s as part of a further growth an development under the National Restoration regime, the 1950s as part of the introduction of electric trains, and the 2020s as part of the ruling MSO's efforts to revive the then-long-neglected rail network. Between the 1950s and 2020s, the rail network had experienced a long history of decline due to the advent of the interprovincial system as well as right-wing governments actively pursuing car-friendly policies at the expense of the rail network. The rail network is owned by the [[Pelaxia National Railway]], which has had fluctuated between being the sole owner of all railroads to being heavily privatised, though the MSO-led government has since began to reverse these {{wp|privatisation}} measures. | |||
{{wp|Waterways}} are also a highly important component of the freight transport infrastructure, with there being roughly forty thousand kilometres of waterways, with many primarily being in the northern provinces. | |||
====Energy==== | |||
Pelaxia consumes the third-most amount of energy generated in all of Sarpedon. It is also a major producer of oil and gas in the region as well as the second-largest generator of hydroelectric energy. The government agencies and state-owned companies responsible for carrying out the nation's energy policy are the [[Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy (Pelaxia)|Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy]], the [[Federal Energy Commission]], the [[Federal Resources Commission]], the [[Federal Renewables Commission]], [[PETROPEL]], and [[HYDROPEL]]. The latter two are considered to be among the largest electric companies in Sarpedon due to their ubiquity and usage. | |||
Pelaxia's energy generation is considered to be one of the least "green" in the Occident, with the percentage of energy generated by renewables, twenty-five percent, being less than the world average of thirty-four percent. Fossil fuels make up 55.5% (42.3% from oil; 12.2% from {{wp|natural gas}}; 1% from {{wp|coal}}) of all energy generated, with hydroelectricity being a relatively close second at 35.4% of all energy generated. Asides from the "big two", there is energy that is generated from {{wp|sugar cane}} derivatives at eight percent, {{wp|firewood}} and {{wp|charcoal}} at 2.1%, various forms of {{wp|renewable energy}} at 1.3%, nuclear energy at 0.4%, and other non-renewable forms of energy at 0.2%. | |||
===Tourism=== | |||
Tourism and travel is a major sector in the Pelaxian economy, with a focus on attractions pertaining to the healthcare system, provincial and federal parks, and rural markets to maintain its competitive edge. In recent decades, Pelaxia is among to top twenty most-visited countries in the world, hosting an average of forty million tourists annually. Key resort cities in Pelaxia have included [[Albalitor]], [[Fonte]], [[Villa Delfina]], and [[Jusonia City]]. The [[Jusonias]], renowned for their natural beauty, attract about half of the tourists that visit Pelaxia annually on average and is consistently among the top destinations in [[Sarpedon]]. | |||
Pelaxia | Pelaxia boasts a wide variety of tourist attractions which range from areas known for their natural beauty to significant cultural and historical landmarks. Coastal tourism makes up a significant portion of the tourism industry in the northern provinces, with [[Termia]] and [[Flumenia]] being among the biggest coastal tourism provinces with numerous resort towns and beaches open to the public. Domestic tourism, which is often excluded from the total amount of annual tourists, also plays a vital role in Pelaxia's tourism industry, and contributes significantly to the overall tourism revenues generated annually. Cruise ships are a common sight in most of the larger coastal resort towns, with some of the biggest cruise lines which have ports of call in Pelaxia including [[Castadilla]]'s [[Midway Cruise Line]]. Each year, Pelaxia's biggest ports of call, which includes Albalitor, Fonte, Villa Delfina, and Jusonia City, report a combined total of more than 450 cruise ships received. | ||
==Demographics== | |||
With a population of over two hundred million, Pelaxia is the third-most populous country in [[Sarpedon]] with only [[Caphiria]] and [[Cartadania]] having a higher population. Pelaxia's population grows by 1.4% annually. Although historically Pelaxia has pursued strict assimilationist policies which have included {{wp|linguistic discrimination}} against not only dialects of the [[Pelaxian language]] but also non-Pelaxian languages such as {{wp|Venetian language|Savrian}} and {{wp|Aromanian language|Montanaran}} as well as so-called "cultural shaming", since the end of the [[National Restoration (Pelaxia)|National Restoration]] these policies have been dismantled by successive democratic governments with the rise in both [[Montanaro nationalism|Montanaro]] and [[Savria nationalism|Savria]] nationalisms. | |||
== | |||
Pelaxia is the | |||
Pelaxia | |||
== | ===Ethnicity=== | ||
{{Pie chart | {{Pie chart | ||
| thumb = right | | thumb = right | ||
| radius = 100 | | radius = 100 | ||
| caption= | | caption= Self-reported ethnicities in Pelaxia (2030) | ||
| footer = | | footer = | ||
| label1 = | | label1 = [[Pelaxians]] | ||
| value1 = | | value1 = 44.9 | ||
| label2 = | | label2 = [[Montanarans]] | ||
| value2 = | | value2 = 18.8 | ||
| label3 = | | label3 = [[Savrians]] | ||
| value3 = 15 | | value3 = 15.6 | ||
| label4 = | | label4 = [[Latinic people|Latins]] | ||
| value4 = | | value4 = 5.1 | ||
| label5 = | | label5 = [[Isurians]] | ||
| value5 = | | value5 = 2.8 | ||
| label6 = | | label6 = [[Race and ethnicity in the Pelaxia census|Other]] | ||
| value6 = | | value6 = 12.8 | ||
| other = | | other = | ||
| other-color = | | other-color = | ||
}} | }} | ||
Pelaxia has a diverse population, the result of a legacy of being a component of the [[Carto-Pelaxian Commonwealth]] which held a highly tolerant attitude towards a multicultural society. However, the assimilationist policies pursued in the 19th Century did a lot to almost completely undo the centuries of tolerance with [[Raul Solis]], the first president of the [[Third Pelaxian Republic]], taking great pride in having never seen a Latin in his hometown and having held a long-time disdain towards the Isurian minority. It would not be until the 1950s and 1960s when the federal government reverted these policies which happened to precede the rise in modern Montanaro and Savrian nationalisms which still exist to this day. | |||
Ethnic Pelaxians are the most numerous ethnic group in the country, making up just less than half of the total population. Pelaxians are predominantly of Latinic and Urlazian ancestry, but many have reported having minor genealogical links to Isurians, Cartadanians, Savrians, and even to the Urlazio-Sarpic peoples such as [[Volonians]] and Montanarans. However, the Pelaxian ethnic group did not emerge until the late 15th Century with the signing of the [[Union of Termia]]; prior to the Union, what are now considered to be Pelaxians were split across many different Urlazian groups such as Termians, Agrilans, Albalitorians, and Jusonians among others, and even after the Union it was not until the [[First Pelaxian Republic]] that a unified Pelaxian identity would emerge and integrate the many Pelaxiophone ethnic groups into one group. | |||
Montanarans make up the second-most populous ethnic group in Pelaxia where they make up nearly nineteen percent of the total population. A Urlazio-Sarpic group, the Montanarans are culturally and linguistically related to the [[Volonians]], and have settled in what is now Pelaxia in | |||
{{MajorReconstruction}} | |||
With a population of around 200 million, Pelaxia shows a medium to big-sized population by Global standards. Pelaxia depicts an anual population growth rate of 1.4%. Ethnically, the residents of Pelaxia are predominantly ethnic Pelaxian who are of Caphiravian descent. Immigrants constituted 8% of the population by 2030.Pelaxia, long a country of emigration (the vast majority of Vallejars have Pelaxian ancestry),became a country of net immigration, and not just from the last Vallosi, and Far East Audonia overseas territories. | With a population of around 200 million, Pelaxia shows a medium to big-sized population by Global standards. Pelaxia depicts an anual population growth rate of 1.4%. Ethnically, the residents of Pelaxia are predominantly ethnic Pelaxian who are of Caphiravian descent. Immigrants constituted 8% of the population by 2030.Pelaxia, long a country of emigration (the vast majority of Vallejars have Pelaxian ancestry),became a country of net immigration, and not just from the last Vallosi, and Far East Audonia overseas territories. | ||
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