Urom: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox ethnic group | {{Infobox ethnic group | ||
|group = | |group = Urom | ||
|image = [[File:Vie quotidienne des Amérindiens en Nouvelle-France (XVIIIe siècle).jpg|300px]] | |image = [[File:Vie quotidienne des Amérindiens en Nouvelle-France (XVIIIe siècle).jpg|300px]] | ||
|population = '''34.4 million''' | |population = '''34.4 million''' | ||
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'''Kiravian | '''Kiravian Urom''' or '''Urom''' are a polyphyletic group of peoples who are collectively considered the indigenous inhabitants of the island continent of [[Great Kirav]] and its surrounding islands, present there before the arrival of the proto-[[Coscivian civilisation|Coscivians]]. | ||
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
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This definition encompasses a diverse collection of people groups, many of them small-numbered, across different language families, traditional lifestyles, phenotypes, religious traditions, and degrees and manners of differentiation from Coscivian and Coscivian-adjacent society. Although components of the standard definition have been criticised on various grounds, it is nonetheless the most widely used definition by government and civil society alike. According to Rifpito activist and scholar Yefes Ayefsipti, the classification of groups as Urom or non-Urom can seem arbitrary and artificial to urban Coscivians and to Western observers, but in regions with established Urom populations the {{wp|Other (philosophy)|otherness}} of Uromity is an inescapable and deeply felt social reality. A point of agreement between the government and Urom leaders is that Uromity is fundamentally an attribute of peoples and tribes, and that individuals are only Urom by virtue of belonging to such a people. | This definition encompasses a diverse collection of people groups, many of them small-numbered, across different language families, traditional lifestyles, phenotypes, religious traditions, and degrees and manners of differentiation from Coscivian and Coscivian-adjacent society. Although components of the standard definition have been criticised on various grounds, it is nonetheless the most widely used definition by government and civil society alike. According to Rifpito activist and scholar Yefes Ayefsipti, the classification of groups as Urom or non-Urom can seem arbitrary and artificial to urban Coscivians and to Western observers, but in regions with established Urom populations the {{wp|Other (philosophy)|otherness}} of Uromity is an inescapable and deeply felt social reality. A point of agreement between the government and Urom leaders is that Uromity is fundamentally an attribute of peoples and tribes, and that individuals are only Urom by virtue of belonging to such a people. | ||
In sociological and public policy discourse, usage of the term 'Urom' normally excludes the Scheduled Minorities (who maintain a separate identity from Coscivians but have long histories of statehood and civil integration), as well as groups such as the Kiorgians and Indokwéans who are of heavily Palæo-Kiravian descent but identify as Coscivians. However, these groups may considered | In sociological and public policy discourse, usage of the term 'Urom' normally excludes the Scheduled Minorities (who maintain a separate identity from Coscivians but have long histories of statehood and civil integration), as well as groups such as the Kiorgians and Indokwéans who are of heavily Palæo-Kiravian descent but identify as Coscivians. However, these groups may considered Urom in anthropological and historical contexts. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Speculative Origins=== | ===Speculative Origins=== | ||
<!--** The ultimate origin of the | <!--** The ultimate origin of the Urom remains a mystery. Genetic surveys have identified at least three distinct "founder populations" or "waves of settlement", depending on the model, but have been unable to reliably date the arrival of these groups or definitively match them with related populations elsewhere in the world. Archæological evidence, primarily the carbon-dating of biotic material embedded in primitive stone tools, seems to point to an arrival date for the earliest pioneers between 40,000 and 50,000 years ago, though it remains unclear whether the makers of these tools were ''Homo sapiens'' or other hominids, and even less clear whether their genetic line continues in modern Urom. | ||
Kiravian historians and anthropologists categorise the time between the immigration of the last Urom "founder population" and the arrival of Arctic and Levantine peoples on Kiravian shores as the Isolation Period. The boundaries of this period are poorly defined, with the beginning date being purely theoretical and the end date rather vague due to lack of hard data. Nonetheless, the period of isolation has an upper bound of XXXX AD, as evidenced by findings of Celtic artifacts on the [[Mariava]] coast.** --> | Kiravian historians and anthropologists categorise the time between the immigration of the last Urom "founder population" and the arrival of Arctic and Levantine peoples on Kiravian shores as the Isolation Period. The boundaries of this period are poorly defined, with the beginning date being purely theoretical and the end date rather vague due to lack of hard data. Nonetheless, the period of isolation has an upper bound of XXXX AD, as evidenced by findings of Celtic artifacts on the [[Mariava]] coast.** --> | ||
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==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
Kiravite | Kiravite Urom are a polyphyletic group, divided among five apparently unrelated language families (and three language isolates) and exhibiting considerable variation in appearance. Their traditional religious practices can differ greatly between tribes, encompassing shamanism, totemism, vitalism, monotheism, universism, animism, spiritism, and combinations thereof. Today, most Urom practice some form of Christianity or Islam, usually in syncresis with their previous beliefs and traditions. There have also been efforts to formalise and institutionalise wholly native belief systems in order to perpetuate them in modernity. | ||
==Contemporary Social Characteristics== | ==Contemporary Social Characteristics== | ||
[Under reconstruction] --> | [Under reconstruction] --> | ||
<!--** The social characteristics of contemporary | <!--** The social characteristics of contemporary Urom divide their population into three “castes” based primarily on their ancestors allegiances during the Continental War and the political status they came to hold in the Coscivian-dominated order afterward (see Political Status below). | ||
'''Pro-Kiravian Tribes''', as well as tribes in the Aterandic mountains and eastern coastal regions that had been assimilated into or displaced by Coscivian civilisation early in history, also referred to as | '''Pro-Kiravian Tribes''', as well as tribes in the Aterandic mountains and eastern coastal regions that had been assimilated into or displaced by Coscivian civilisation early in history, also referred to as | ||
''Treaty Tribes'', were rewarded with high political status after the war. They immediately received (or already held) full Kiravian citizenship, and considerable political autonomy under self-governing Tribal Authorities and Autonomous Countyships. Whether they integrated into Cosco-Kiravian society as new tuaþaya or opted for greater cultural autonomy, these tribes were well-positioned to retain many aspects of their cultural heritage while benefitting fully from Kiravian economic advancement. Today, their economic, housing, health, and education indicators are generally on-par with those of Coscivians living nearby, and even exceed them in select localities. | ''Treaty Tribes'', were rewarded with high political status after the war. They immediately received (or already held) full Kiravian citizenship, and considerable political autonomy under self-governing Tribal Authorities and Autonomous Countyships. Whether they integrated into Cosco-Kiravian society as new tuaþaya or opted for greater cultural autonomy, these tribes were well-positioned to retain many aspects of their cultural heritage while benefitting fully from Kiravian economic advancement. Today, their economic, housing, health, and education indicators are generally on-par with those of Coscivians living nearby, and even exceed them in select localities. | ||
'''Neutral Tribes''' that avoided taking sides in the Continental War, as well as those living in more remote mountain and inland regions of the West who were uninvolved in the conflict, constitute the middle caste of | '''Neutral Tribes''' that avoided taking sides in the Continental War, as well as those living in more remote mountain and inland regions of the West who were uninvolved in the conflict, constitute the middle caste of Urom. After the war, most were gradually confined to less-autonomous reservations or forced to adopt private landholding. Marginalised and generally ignored by Cosco-Kiravian society, they preserved much of their culture through relative isolation, but were also left behind as the Kiravian economy developed. Today, they are generally poorer than neighbouring Coscivians, have lower (oftentimes wholly premodern) standards of living. The Neutral Tribes of the northern West Coast and Northwest Isles are an exception, being more or less on par with Coscivians living in those areas in terms of economic and social status. | ||
'''Defeated Tribes''' were the founding tribes of Drail and their allies. After the war, they were evicted from their lands to make room for Coscivian settlement, denied citizenship, and lived as captured enemy aliens for generations, often being subjected to forced labour and migration. They were only granted Kiravian nationality in 21073 and limited citizenship in 21126. Due to their landlessness, they are highly urbanised, making up a plurality of | '''Defeated Tribes''' were the founding tribes of Drail and their allies. After the war, they were evicted from their lands to make room for Coscivian settlement, denied citizenship, and lived as captured enemy aliens for generations, often being subjected to forced labour and migration. They were only granted Kiravian nationality in 21073 and limited citizenship in 21126. Due to their landlessness, they are highly urbanised, making up a plurality of Urom living in Metropolitan Core regions according to the KF Census. They suffer from generational poverty, weak family structures, social breakdown, high crime rates, drug abuse, and abysmal educational attainment rates. ** --> | ||
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===Population=== | ===Population=== | ||
As of the latest census, | As of the latest census, Urom numbered just over 34.4 million people, accounting for about three percent of the total population of the Kiravian Federacy. 62% of Urom live in West Kirav. | ||
==Political Status== | ==Political Status== | ||
Today, all Urom Kiravians are citizens of the Kiravian Federacy, with the four Draili tribes being the last to gain citizenship in 21126. Previously, the civil status of | Today, all Urom Kiravians are citizens of the Kiravian Federacy, with the four Draili tribes being the last to gain citizenship in 21126. Previously, the civil status of Urom varied by the political favour in which their tribe was held, usually entailing lower grades of status such as metics, mere nationals, or [[subjects of the land]]. | ||
Overall, 48% of | Overall, 48% of Urom live outside of tribal jurisdiction and are subject to the same laws as other Kiravian citizens. The 52% that live on tribal lands enjoy special autonomy and exemptions from state and federal laws that vary by the type of tribal jurisdiction they inhabit. | ||
<strike>The larger Treaty Tribes govern Tribal Authorities, defined by the Urom Affairs Code as “domestic, dependent, but autocephalous subjects of federal law”. Though they are not states themselves and have no independent input into federal politics as states, territories, and other federal subjects do, Tribal Authorities have the same standing as states under federal law. They exercise most administrative powers of states – levying taxes, operating police forces, issuing licences, and passing laws – within areas under their jurisdiction, which include both one or more autonomous counties and larger non-autonomous areas of states where the Tribal Authority’s jurisdiction is extraterritorial. | <strike>The larger Treaty Tribes govern Tribal Authorities, defined by the Urom Affairs Code as “domestic, dependent, but autocephalous subjects of federal law”. Though they are not states themselves and have no independent input into federal politics as states, territories, and other federal subjects do, Tribal Authorities have the same standing as states under federal law. They exercise most administrative powers of states – levying taxes, operating police forces, issuing licences, and passing laws – within areas under their jurisdiction, which include both one or more autonomous counties and larger non-autonomous areas of states where the Tribal Authority’s jurisdiction is extraterritorial. | ||