Housing in Urcea: Difference between revisions

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==History and overview==

===Enclosure===

===Land ownership and availability of land===

Urcea's modern housing environment was created as a result of widely available land held by the government made available to private developers in the 20th century. Urcea is unusual among Levantine nations for its land ownership (tenure) system and in some respects is more similar to former colonial countries, who made use of large amounts of lands made available to settlers.

====Background and early efforts====

Like most other Levantine states, medieval Urcea was divided largely into four types of lands: the commons, feudal estates (including those of the King), church lands, and lands part of a city. This situation began to change around the period of the [[Saint's War]]. During that conflict, large estates changed hands several times as they were stripped from and awarded to loyalist families of each branch of the [[Julian dynasty]] in the war depending upon who was in power. This had the effect of decreasing the legitimacy of these large feudal aristocrats as they could no longer claim continuous ownership until time immemorial, but also had the consequence of reducing land value as the conflict and legal disputes over land led to less profitable and productive estates. After the war ended and [[History_of_Urcea_(1402-1575)#de_Welutas_established|King Lucás II]] came to the throne, many of the most heavily disputed lands were taken by the Crown with de minimis compensation for claimant owners. At the time, these lands were simply added to the productive estates of the Crown and an effort to curb the nobility, but the decision was far-reaching, providing the basis for the amalgamation of land by the government in Urceopolis.

====Religious war period====

The second major wave of land reform and consolidation occurred during the period of the [[Great Confessional War]]. The Protestant [[History_of_Urcea_(1402-1575)#Ronanid_reign|King Riordan V]] attempted to seize monastic lands. This effort was largely unsuccessful due to the limited control the Crown had over the country during this period, but a handful of monasteries and their lands were seized by the Crown and not returned after the Catholic restoration. The greater land reform occurred at the end and after the war as part of the [[Dragonnades]] and other persecutions of Protestants. Large estates were seized from Protestants or allies of the deposed House of Ronan. Some of these were reallocated to Catholic aristocrats, as happened in [[Dericania]], but significant other portions reverted to the Crown. Unlike earlier seizures, which were intended to simply provide revenues to the Crown, [[Leo III, Emperor of the Levantines|King Leo II]] envisioned that many of these lands would be retained for "some...useful purpose" and redevelopment, a concept that would found the basis of land-based economic development in later centuries. Legal changes made by Leo and his successors also made it easier for lands with no clear closely-related heir to default back to the Crown. Newly acquired lands available in [[Gassavelia]] and [[Ænglasmarch]] were particularly used for this purpose, and much of this land was parceled out to Catholic smallholder [[Ómestaderoi]] on 40 acre parcels. The Confessional War period also led to many nobles selling all or part of their estates to the Crown due to their unproductivity; in many cases this meant fringe parts of estates such as arid lands, jungles, mountains, swamps, or other parcels not in use in connection to the primary business of the manor.

====Deliberate reforms====

====Parcelling and provincial land====

===Enclosure and the commons===

{{wp|Enclosure}}, the process by which land held in common is transferred to private ownership (especially within the context of the {{wp|Feudal system}}) took place from approximately the end of the [[Saint's War]] in 1401 to the beginning of the [[Caroline Wars]] in 1740, during which time the vast majority of land held in common was enclosed for ownership. While much of the land was enclosed on behalf of local magnates, a great portion of it - especially following the weakening of the nobility during the [[Great Confessional War]] - was enclosed into relatively small parcels on behalf of the urban [[Social class in Urcea#Privilegiata|privilegiata]]. Unlike many other countries, however, anti-enclosure sentiments gained many successes in the period of the 17th century and onward. Balancing the various [[Social class in Urcea|social classes]] became an increasing concern to the [[Apostolic King of Urcea|Apostolic King]] and [[Government of Urcea|His Governments]] in the wake of the social upheavel of the Great Confessional War and subsequent [[History_of_Urcea_(1575-1798)#Gassavelian_integration_and_uprising|Gassavelian uprising]]. Accordingly, considerable amounts of common land began to be preserved beginning in 1620 onward, though these sentiments slowed rather than halted the process of enclosure. By 1740, further enclosure was prohibited by law, but conflicting and inconsistent land title deeds for enclosed lands existed, inaugurating more than two hundred years of legal disputes until land surveyance and commune reform efforts succeeded in [[Housing_in_Urcea#Proprietor_communes|in the 1950s]].

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==History and overview==
-===Enclosure===
+===Land ownership and availability of land===
+Urcea's modern housing environment was created as a result of widely available land held by the government made available to private developers in the 20th century. Urcea is unusual among Levantine nations for its land ownership (tenure) system and in some respects is more similar to former colonial countries, who made use of large amounts of lands made available to settlers.
+====Background and early efforts====
+Like most other Levantine states, medieval Urcea was divided largely into four types of lands: the commons, feudal estates (including those of the King), church lands, and lands part of a city. This situation began to change around the period of the [[Saint's War]]. During that conflict, large estates changed hands several times as they were stripped from and awarded to loyalist families of each branch of the [[Julian dynasty]] in the war depending upon who was in power. This had the effect of decreasing the legitimacy of these large feudal aristocrats as they could no longer claim continuous ownership until time immemorial, but also had the consequence of reducing land value as the conflict and legal disputes over land led to less profitable and productive estates. After the war ended and [[History_of_Urcea_(1402-1575)#de_Welutas_established|King Lucás II]] came to the throne, many of the most heavily disputed lands were taken by the Crown with de minimis compensation for claimant owners. At the time, these lands were simply added to the productive estates of the Crown and an effort to curb the nobility, but the decision was far-reaching, providing the basis for the amalgamation of land by the government in Urceopolis.
+====Religious war period====
+The second major wave of land reform and consolidation occurred during the period of the [[Great Confessional War]]. The Protestant [[History_of_Urcea_(1402-1575)#Ronanid_reign|King Riordan V]] attempted to seize monastic lands. This effort was largely unsuccessful due to the limited control the Crown had over the country during this period, but a handful of monasteries and their lands were seized by the Crown and not returned after the Catholic restoration. The greater land reform occurred at the end and after the war as part of the [[Dragonnades]] and other persecutions of Protestants. Large estates were seized from Protestants or allies of the deposed House of Ronan. Some of these were reallocated to Catholic aristocrats, as happened in [[Dericania]], but significant other portions reverted to the Crown. Unlike earlier seizures, which were intended to simply provide revenues to the Crown, [[Leo III, Emperor of the Levantines|King Leo II]] envisioned that many of these lands would be retained for "some...useful purpose" and redevelopment, a concept that would found the basis of land-based economic development in later centuries. Legal changes made by Leo and his successors also made it easier for lands with no clear closely-related heir to default back to the Crown. Newly acquired lands available in [[Gassavelia]] and [[Ænglasmarch]] were particularly used for this purpose, and much of this land was parceled out to Catholic smallholder [[Ómestaderoi]] on 40 acre parcels. The Confessional War period also led to many nobles selling all or part of their estates to the Crown due to their unproductivity; in many cases this meant fringe parts of estates such as arid lands, jungles, mountains, swamps, or other parcels not in use in connection to the primary business of the manor.
+====Deliberate reforms====
+====Parcelling and provincial land====
+===Enclosure and the commons===
 {{wp|Enclosure}}, the process by which land held in common is transferred to private ownership (especially within the context of the {{wp|Feudal system}}) took place from approximately the end of the [[Saint's War]] in 1401 to the beginning of the [[Caroline Wars]] in 1740, during which time the vast majority of land held in common was enclosed for ownership. While much of the land was enclosed on behalf of local magnates, a great portion of it - especially following the weakening of the nobility during the [[Great Confessional War]] - was enclosed into relatively small parcels on behalf of the urban [[Social class in Urcea#Privilegiata|privilegiata]]. Unlike many other countries, however, anti-enclosure sentiments gained many successes in the period of the 17th century and onward. Balancing the various [[Social class in Urcea|social classes]] became an increasing concern to the [[Apostolic King of Urcea|Apostolic King]] and [[Government of Urcea|His Governments]] in the wake of the social upheavel of the Great Confessional War and subsequent [[History_of_Urcea_(1575-1798)#Gassavelian_integration_and_uprising|Gassavelian uprising]]. Accordingly, considerable amounts of common land began to be preserved beginning in 1620 onward, though these sentiments slowed rather than halted the process of enclosure. By 1740, further enclosure was prohibited by law, but conflicting and inconsistent land title deeds for enclosed lands existed, inaugurating more than two hundred years of legal disputes until land surveyance and commune reform efforts succeeded in [[Housing_in_Urcea#Proprietor_communes|in the 1950s]].

Housing in Urcea: Difference between revisions

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