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{{Main|History of Cartadania|Timeline of Cartadanian history}} | {{Main|History of Cartadania|Timeline of Cartadanian history}} | ||
===Pre-Latin era=== | ===Pre-Latin era=== | ||
Prior to the establishment of the Luson Province, all of which is today modern Cartadania, the area was inhabited by various native peoples. Unlike its southern neighbor, Pelaxia, Cartadania was shielded by natural features on all sides, delaying the arrival of Latin peoples to northern [[Sarpedon]]. The Turian ridge made it more difficult for [[Caphiria|terra quaesitores]] to reach the area, and the four seas that border the country made it more expensive for other nations to make a permanent settlement there. | |||
The earliest human remains found in northern Sarpedon, Mulher Cambria, were found in the area of present-day [[Cambria]] and provide evidence of human habitation going back at least 11,000 years. The earliest pottery ever found on the Odridian peninsula was excavated in the Turian basin of Cartadania and radiocarbon dated to 8,000 years ago (6000 BC). The pottery was found near southern Verona where it meets the Bay of Attalus and provides evidence that the tropical forest region supported a somewhat complex prehistoric culture. Cartadania is the site of the domestication of pineapple, cacão, tomato, and cassava, which produced an agricultural surplus. This enabled the transition from paleo-Sarpedonic hunter-gatherers to sedentary agricultural villages beginning around 5000 BC. | |||
The earliest complex civilization in Cartadania was the [[Adonerum|Adonerii culture]], which flourished on the Urlazian and Odoneru coasts from around the 14th century BC. Adoneri cultural traits diffused through eastern Cartadania into other formative-era cultures in Alexandria, São Ricardo, Verona, and the Urlazian states. The formative period saw the spread of distinct religious and symbolic traditions, as well as artistic and architectural complexes. | |||
Around the time of the Caphirian arrival circa 370BC, the territory of current-day Cartadania had an estimated indigenous population of 7 million people, mostly semi-nomadic who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, and migrant agriculture. The indigenous population of Cartadania comprised several large indigenous ethnic groups (e.g. the Ettian, Linaca, Lombards, Veronese). There were also many subdivisions of the groups. | |||
Before the arrival of the Caphirians, the boundaries between these groups and their subgroups were marked by minor conflicts that arose from differences in culture, language, and moral beliefs. These conflicts also involved large-scale military actions on land and water. While heredity had some weight, leadership status was more subdued over time, than allocated in succession ceremonies and conventions. Nonetheless, area taken into account, interaction between the groups is thought to have been mostly uncommon. | |||
===Latin Odros=== | ===Latin Odros=== | ||
===Separation from | The land now called Cartadania was claimed for the Caphirian Republic beginning in 370BC, with the arrival of the Caphirian fleet commanded by Pronius Álvares Sulpia. The Caphirians encountered indigenous peoples divided into several tribes, most of whom spoke languages of the Cartic family, and fought among themselves. Though the first settlement was founded in 200BC, colonization effectively began in the first few hundred years AD, when the Senate of Caphiria divided the territory into the six private and autonomous Banlieuregio of Luson. | ||
[[File:Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Fabiano Santos Almeida, a notable terra quaesitor]] | |||
=== | However, the decentralized and unorganized tendencies of the banlieuregio proved problematic, and in 349 the principate restructured them into the Governorate General of Odros, a single and centralized Caphirian colony in northern Sarpedon. In the first two centuries of colonization, Indigenous and Latin groups lived in constant war, establishing opportunistic alliances in order to gain advantages against each other. By the mid-4th century, cane sugar and coffee had become Luson's most important exports, and slaves purchased in Audonia, in the slave market, and those already serving the crown, had become its largest import, to cope with plantations of sugarcane, due to increasing international demand for Odridian coffee and sugar. | ||
By the end of the 5th century, sugarcane exports began to decline, and the discovery of gold by debellatores in the 490s would become the new backbone of the colony's economy, fostering an Odridian Gold Rush which attracted thousands of new settlers to Odros from Caphiria and all Caphirian colonies around the world. This increased level of immigration in turn caused some conflicts between newcomers and old settlers. | |||
Caphirian expeditions, now known as Bandeiras, gradually advanced the original colonial frontiers in northern Sarpedon to approximately the current Cartadanian borders. In this era, Levantine powers tried to colonize parts of Odros, in incursions that the Caphirians had to fight after the end of the Latin Union. | |||
The Caphirian colonial administration in Odros had two objectives that would ensure colonial order and the monopoly of Caphiria's wealthiest and largest colony: to keep under control and eradicate all forms of rebellion and resistance, such as the Quilombo of Palmares, and to repress all movements for autonomy or independence, such as the Desperado Conspiracy or the eventual Verona secession. | |||
=== Separation from Caphiria === | |||
[[File:Proclamação_da_República_by_Benedito_Calixto_1893.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Depiction of separatist celebration event.]] | |||
The region grew rapidly in the years leading up to the end of the principate and beginning of the Dominate era. Some parts of the region were not in favor of the problems plaguing Venceia, and the ascension of Imperator Legarus served as a catalyst for the Magna Discordia. Legarus introduced the first version of the Constitution of Caphiria, which was intended to be the solution to every problem past, present, and future within the imperium. In it, he outlined what he felt were the three most critical ideas of the state. These were explicitly defined as delineating the national frame of government, establishing the social contract between the citizen and state, and protecting the imperium's people. Despite this, some regions felt left out of the protection of the constitution, and in the case of Verona, the Veronese people felt extremely neglected around this period. Verona's autonomous government, in particular, passed a law known as the Vermiculo Actum ({{lang-en|Vermillion Act}}), which effectively separated the province from the imperium, creating a wall between Verona (and its territory, Sancti) and the Alexandria region north of Verona. Initially, the imperium took little notice of this separation, choosing to overlook it as an international publicity stunt and pressing forward with the creation of the constitution. However, when Verona began to issue its own money, the Veronese Lira, backed at a value higher than that of the Taler, a value which was further increased by low circulation, Legarus took notice and began to pay attention to the region. It is said that he felt the idea of a separate entity threatened the very principle of the constitution: unity based on the national frame of government. With similar sentiments of the Burgoignesc for freedom from their national governments, some Odridians began to develop support on an international stage. Verona officially codified its initial set of laws as a nation-state in 1426, under the name REPVBLICA VERONEZE, and rewrote all of its information, culture, and signage in its local dialect, which would eventually standardize into Early Cartadanian half a century later. This was the first act towards what would become the current republic and Legarus considered the acts of the people of Verona treasonous. As a result, the imperium proceeded to declare a form of marshall law and nearly razed the young nation-state's infrastructure in an effort to bring it into submission. The result was, of course, Verona's forced re-entry into the imperium. Despite this, however, Verona's disdain for Venceia's rule began to spread and grow not only in Verona but in Alexandria and Sancti as well. | |||
[[File: Martin_Tovar_y_Tovar_02.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Signing of the Magna Discordia.]] | |||
In late 1615, internal forces around the Great Schism threatened the security of Caphiria, causing the [[Senate (Caphiria)|Senate]] to move one of the high courts from Venceia to Serdica (now part of [[New Venceia]]). Some of Cartadania's first financial institutions, such as its local stock exchanges, and its National Bank, were created here, and thanks to the region's receptiveness to immigrants from other parts of the world, the Caphirian monopoly on Odridian trade effectively ended, opening Odros to other nations, especially those of Levantia. This further catalyzed the eventual end of a single nation in Northern Sarpedon. Ironically, the same Ecclesiastical papers that were being published condemning the Catholic Church over a number of issues concerning Caphiria in the late 16th century are the same reason Cartadania has a religious history but complete separation of Church and State. The enumeration of the imperator as higher than the people of the imperium was a sentiment that Odros did not share with Venceia, but it did value the criticisms of the Catholic church, a set of beliefs it did share. | |||
With the end of the Latin Wars in the late middle 17th century, the high court in Serdica was vacated after the Imperator ordered their return to Caphiria, deeming it unfit for them to continuously reside in Alexandria as they held positions granted only to those residing in Venceia. Groups of Odridians, impatient for practical and real changes, still demanded independence and a republic, as demonstrated by the 1661 Milanese Revolt. In 1665, as a demand of revolutionaries who had taken the city of Porto Cale, the last of the judges were unable to hold out any longer, and departed for Venceia. There they swore an oath to the new constitution, effectively leaving Odros to the control of the locals. | |||
In 1671, Alexandria, Santiago, Verona, and then-both Urlazian provinces seceded from Caphiria. This time, although Imperator Magnus I attempted to bring the provinces back into the imperium, he was torn between the aftermath of the Great Schism and the changing nature of life in Venceia. Inevitably, he withdrew the military from those provinces, which generated a de facto new nation, one without name or identity. | |||
=== The Federation era === | |||
In September of 1671, after Odros gained independence from Caphiria, the people simply existed in a state of shock and disbelief. Having heard stories of the initial efforts of Verona to separate, it was to many, a miracle. They were, nonetheless, very happy about the independence and celebrated on what is now Cartadania's independence day, officially 21 September 1672. Some of the leaders, however, still felt more aligned to Caphiria after the separation, and with the help of Venceia, the Two nations were formed by the creation of the Magna Discordia, which split the region in two and required they stay separate for a period of one-hundred years until a common accord could be reached, by which they would reunify. The provinces of Averius, Faraya, Sancta Irene, Spirito Santo united to form the Vachenan Federation (VC) on the western third of Odros, while the provinces of Acara, Alexandria, Galiza, Santiago, São Andreas, Triessa, Turiana Occidentalis, Veneza, and Verona united to form the Cartic Federation (OC) in the remaining two thirds and Urlazio. While much was accomplished in correcting human rights violations made under the former rule during this period, such as both formally abolishing slavery and freeing their Audonian slaves, with the OC doing so in 1675 and extending many rights to all people to create a more cohesive and united people, many problems still existed. The OC experienced a large period of political instability during this period, with the first governors being arraigned for many crimes. This continued for nearly ten years as the new nation sorted itself out. | |||
[[File:Horace_Vernet-Barricade_rue_Soufflot.jpg|thumb|left|200px|One such conflict during Ano Roxo in Alexandria.]] | |||
In 1679, Meridia, the then-capital of the Odridian Federation, worked hard to iron out the kinks of the republic. One major step the group took was in 1680 when the federation elected to become one of the world's first federal republics. It was then the country took on the name Cartadania, meaning "''land of the Cartic people''", whom lived in the area prior to the arrival and intermixing of Latin explorers. The early republican government of Cartadania was very weak, riddled with internal issues and corruption. Many aspects of the government came under the control of wealthy elite, especially those involved in the stock markets and financial sector, and many lower class people were again stripped of their rights. Alexandria and Northern Verona were rocked with multiple uprisings and riots. Meridia was burned down twice in the span of five years. For 16 years, the lower class lived at the mercy of the wealthy elite, but, instability gradually began to increase. The upper class began spending without reason to fund large-scale projects with no real purpose aside from aesthetic appeal. This would continue until early 1695. 1695 was marked by extreme economic fluctuations and the serious instability of the central bank of Cartadania, and increasing national debt began to take its toll. Due to the government's lack of ability to insure, many banks failed. The peso, Cartadania's original currency, dipped sharply in value, and in 1696, economic strain coupled with large divisions between the wealthy minority and the lower class majority lead to the collapse of the Cartadanian economy. 1697 began the ten-year recovery period the lower class would endure rebuilding the nation. During this time, multiple upper-class Cartadanians were murdered, while others were forced to leave the nation, many fleeing to Cartadania's various territories in [[Crona]]. This is often thought to be one of the most aggressive domestic transitions of power between classes in history and is commonly known as [[Ano Roxo]] (Red Year). In 1707, with oversight from well-regarded politicians, Congress began rewriting the constitution for a new, more stable republic. | |||
===Current constitution=== | ===Current constitution=== | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
===Climate=== | ===Climate=== | ||