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'''Alexandria''', officially the '''State of Alexandria''' ({{lang-cd|Estado de Alexandria}}), is a state located on the north-central coast of the Cartadania. With 28.6 million residents across a total area of about {{convert|163895.3|km2|sqmi}}, Alexandria is the third-most populous and eleventh-most extensive state in Cartadania. The state capital is the city of [[Calaine]] in central Alexandria, while [[New Venceia]] is the most populous city in the state, located along the northeastern coast. [[New Venceia metropolitan area|Greater New Venceia]] is the most populous urban region in the state, with 7.4 million residents spread amongst eleven counties.
'''Alexandria''', officially the '''State of Alexandria''' ({{lang-cd|Estado de Alexandria}}), is a state located on the north-central coast of the Luson region of [[Cartadania]]. With 28.6 million residents across a total area of about {{convert|163895.3|km2|sqmi}}, Alexandria is the [[Administrative divisions of Cartadania|third-most populous]] and [[Administrative divisions of Cartadania|eleventh-most extensive]] [[States of Cartadania|state]] in Cartadania. The state capital is the city of [[Calaine]] in central Alexandria, while [[New Venceia]] is the most populous city in the state, located along the northeastern coast near the [[Sanoria Channel]]. [[New Venceia|Greater New Venceia]] is the most populous urban region in the state, with 7.4 million residents spread amongst eleven counties.


In 1710, Alexandria became the first state to ratify the current constitution of Cartadania, and thus earned the distinction of being the first state (and is where it's nickname ''"The Premier State"'' originates). Reformed after 30 years of disarray, Alexandria long stood as the capital of what would become Cartadania even before the nations formation. It was the playground of many Caphirians, thanks to its relatively flat geography and similarly mediterranean climate despite its position in the tropics. As a result, Alexandria developed much as a second hub for Venceia (hence New Venceia) and for many decades, had the most explosive growth in population and economy. It's economy is the third-most diverse in the country (second only to [[Verona]] and [[Santarém]]) and it is the financial center of Cartadania.
In 1710, Alexandria became the first state to ratify the current constitution of Cartadania, and thus earned the distinction of being the first state (and is where it's nickname ''"The Premier State"'' originates). Reformed after 30 years of disarray, Alexandria long stood as the capital of what would become Cartadania even before the nation's formation. It was the playground of many Caphirians, thanks to its relatively flat geography and similarly Mediterranean climate despite its position in the tropics. As a result, Alexandria developed much as a second hub for Venceia (hence, New Venceia) and for many decades, had the most explosive growth in population and economy of any Cartadanian state. Its economy is the third-most diverse in the country (second only to [[Verona]] and [[Santarém]]), and it is the financial center of Cartadania.
 
The area that today corresponds to the state territory was already inhabited by indigenous peoples from approximately 12,000 BC. In the early 15th century, the coast of the region was visited by other sea-faring explorers and navigators resident to the Odoneru. After the establishment of the Banlieuregio of Alexandria during the [[Caphiria#The Pontificate|Pontificate]], the region began to gain political weight. After independence in 1671, Alexandria began to become a major agricultural producer (mainly coffee and sugarcane) in the newly constituted Cartadanian Republic, which ultimately created a rich regional rural oligarchy, which would switch on the command of the Cartadanian government with elites during the early republican period in the 1680s.


== History ==
== History ==
Alexandria is the oldest state in Cartadania by way of constitutional ratification, doing so {{Age in years|1671|10|30}} years ago.


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
[[File:Flickr_-_Nicholas_T_-_Canyon_Vista.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Colinas almas in southern Alexandria.]]
The state of Alexandria covers a total area of {{convert|163895|km2|sqmi}} and ranks as the 11th-largest state by size. It is {{convert|554.7|km|mi}} north-to-south and {{convert|468.2|km|mi}} east-to-west. The highest elevation in Alexandria is Monte Pinhal in the Serra Alexandrina, at {{convert|4126|m|ft}} above sea level; while the state's lowest point is at sea level, on the Odoneru Ocean and Urlazio Sea.


=== Climate ===
=== Climate ===
[[File:Dubai_Jumeirah_Beach.JPG|thumb|left|200px|New Venceia has a mediterranean-arid mix climate, unusual for coastal areas of the tropics.]]
The overall climate of Alexandria is hot almost all year. The temperature in the state varies from {{convert|22|to|36|C|F}}. The coast is mediterranean, tempered by the cool trade winds; in the more elevated, semi-arid regions it is very hot and dry (often above {{convert|22|C|F}}, but seldom above {{convert|30|C|F}}), although the nights are cool. In the higher ranges (Serra Alexandrina) the temperatures are cooler and vary from about {{convert|14|to|18|C|F}}. The record minimum temperature registered in Alexandria was {{convert|8|C|F}}, recorded in Altagracia, a small city in central ranges.


=== Fauna ===
The extreme southwestern portion of the state lies along the equator and is part of the Pantanal region of Cartadania (located in all four major Luson states). It is characterized by very high humidity and large amounts of rainfall. In fact, annual rainfall in the region is from {{convert|2250|-|3050|mm|in}}. Monthly precipitation ranges from {{convert|80|mm|in}} in July to {{convert|263|mm|in}} in March. It typically rains on almost 300 days every year. It is the second-rainiest place in the country.


=== Flora ===
=== Flora and fauna ===
Alexandria is home to various plant and animal species, including 77 amphibian species, 62 reptile species, 114 bird species, and 83 mammal species, as well as nearly 107 species of tree and other vegetation. While not as diverse as other states, like Milan and neighbor Verona, Alexandria sports a very strong integration of urban area and nature. The coexistence of animals and people throughout the state has made Alexandria one of the most unique among the thirty-one. It is notable for its large green spaces, especially those of large cities like [[Calaine]], [[New Venceia]], and [[Portsmouth, Alexandria|Portsmouth]], where initiatives exist to restore many of the original nature.
 
Alexandria's SB270 dedicated 10% ({{convert|16390|km2|sqmi}}) of state land to nature and wildlife preserves. It is the largest allocation of land for this purpose, relative to a state's area, in the country.
<gallery mode="packed">
Flower_of_the_maga_tree.jpg|{{wp|Thespesia grandiflora|Grandiflora}}
Euterpe precatoria (19866677541).jpg|{{wp|Euterpe precatoria|Açai palm}}
Hawaiian monk seal at French Frigate Shoals 04.jpg|{{wp|Monk seal}}
Phoenicopterus_ruber_in_São_Paulo_Zoo.jpg|{{wp|American flamingo|Sarpedonic flamingo}}
AporiaCrataegi.jpg|{{wp|Aporia crataegi|Black veined white}}
</gallery>


=== Environmental issues ===
=== Environmental issues ===
 
Despite Alexandria's commitment to urban-nature mixing, it lags behind Veneza and Verona in terms of environmental commitments. The state's industrial nature combined with its image as a workhorse of Cartadania has caused many officials to turn the other way in terms of environmental issues. Though Alahuela set the standard for environmental impact through the entirety of the union, the states have the ability to build on the laws set forth by Congress. At present, Alexandria uses the basic form established, with minor adjustments for SB 270. Nonetheless, despite the lag, Alexandria is still a post-industrial economy, with a very high standard of living. Thusly, issues pertaining to the greenhouse effect caused by carbon emissions and industrial dumping have always been top priorities for the Alexandria Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ).
=== Geology ===
 
=== Regions ===


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==


=== Population ===
=== Population ===
{{Historical populations
|title      =
|type        =
|align      = right
|1900 |9475581
|1910 |10009313
|1920 |11804757
|1930 |12713571
|1940 |14540213
|1950 |15305619
|1960 |17262808
|1970 |19323319
|1980 |20901919
|1990 |22704310
|2000 |24832281
|2010 |25346713
|2020 |28615080
|2024 |29922427
}}


=== Settlements ===
The Cartadania Office of the Census found that the reported population of Alexandria was 28,615,080 at the 2020 Census, which was finalized on 31 December 2020, making it the third-most populous state in Cartadania. The population density of the state is {{convert|174.6|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}}, making Alexandria the sixth-most densely populated state. For a while, Alexandria was the most populous state, even moreso than Verona and Santiago due to its hyper-urban development. This has since changed over the years, with Verona topping Alexandria by a margin of 48 million people.


=== Ancestry ===
=== Ancestry ===
According to census findings, the population of Alexandria in 2020 was:
* Pardo or Cartic 39.2
* Latinate or northern Levantine descent 33.7
* Pelaxian 10.2%
* Burgoignac 8.6%
* Coscivian 2%
* Cronan 0.6%
* Alshari 0.4%
* Native 5.3%
As its heritage and identity would indicate, there are strong Latinate ancestry lines amongst Alexandria people, especially those from the northeastern coastal region proximal to New Venceia due to influence from Caphiria. Like most of Cartadania, though, the Pardo group still holds the majority of the population, but only leads Latin descent by about 5.5%.


=== Languages ===
=== Languages ===
The federal official language in Cartadania is Cartadanian, and as a result, the language of business, government, and instruction in Alexandria is Cartadanian as well. However, because some 21% percent of the state is fluent in [[Caphiric Latin]], the General Assembly has and continues to permit combined use of the language alongside Cartadanian, one of only a few non-border states to do so. Approximately 29% of the population has reported speaking a {{wp|mother language}} other than Cartadanian at home in Alexandria. A minor language of Alexandria, known as Ettian, is a local language that is similar to that of the [[Sinitalian people]], although convergently evolved outside of Levantia.
The most common languages spoken in Alexandria as of 2024 are:
* 65% Cartadanian
* 21% [[Caphiric Latin|Latin]]
* 5% Ettian
* Other languages less than 1% each


=== Religion ===
=== Religion ===
Alexandria is mostly {{wp|Christian}}, although there is a moderately sized {{wp|irreligious}} community within the state as well. The [[Caphiric Church|Catholic Church]] is the largest single denomination in the state, as Cartadania was a former constituency of Caphiria and is proximate to Urcea, the two largest countries on the planet, both of whom have a Catholic majority. With approximately 69% of the state identifying as Catholic and 22% identifying as irreligious, the remaining 9% constitute other religious groups from around the globe. Despite the separation of church and state being a very stark part of Cartadanian life, Alexandria's catholic past plays a large part in the customs of its government even today.
== Government ==
{{See also|List of counties in Alexandria}}
The State is divided into 117 counties across the six regions. Some counties have been named for prominent figures in Cartadanian history, and many bear names relevant to their geography or features. Counties in Alexandria have their own elected legislative branch, usually called the Board of Supervisors, which usually also has executive authority in the county. Alexandria's constitution provides all counties and cities with "{{wp|home rule}}" authority. The county boards have considerable power to pass legislation within their county, similar to how cities would.
Alexandria recognizes all local units of government as cities, so all incorporated towns are legally cities by virtue of commonwealth law. While Alexandria does not provide for independent cities like [[Acara]], [[Aleira]], or [[Triessa]], it does allow {{wp|consolidated city-county}} governments by way of a local referendum, of which two exist–[[Alexandria City, Alexandria|Alexandria City]] and [[New Venceia]].
=== State government ===
[[File:Flying_the_Pride_Flag_over_the_Capitol_(50035197647).jpg|left|thumb|200px|Alexandria Capitol building]]
As with all other Cartadanian states and the federal government, Alexandria's government is based on the separation of legislative, executive, and judicial power. Executive authority in the state rests with the {{wp|governor}}. Both the [[Governor of Alexandria]] and [[Lieutenant governor of Alexandria|lieutenant governor]] are elected on separate ballots to four-year terms of office, limited to two terms. Most of the executive officials that comprise the governor's cabinet are elected by the citizens of Alexandria rather than being appointed by the governor.
Legislative authority resides in the [[Alexandria General Assembly]], composed of the [[Senate of Alexandria|Senate]] and the [[Domus Alexandriae]]. The Lieutenant Governor presides over the state's senate, while members of the Domus Alexandriae select their own speaker. The Alexandria Constitution sets the number of senators at 80, each of whom is elected from single-member districts. It also mandates a minimum of 120 representatives, apportioned among the representative districts. The state currently sits at the legally defined number of 80 senators and 120 representatives, each of whom serves two-year terms with no limit. The state's laws are codified as the Code of Alexandria. The basis of law in Cartadania draws heavily from the legal system of Alexandria, with many laws between the two being nearly identical.


== Governance ==
Alexandria's judges and justices who make up the state's judicial system are elected by a majority vote in both the Domus and Senate without input from the governor, one of the ways Alexandria's legislature has more power than its executive. Judicial authority rests with the [[Supreme Court of Alexandria]]. In addition, there are smaller courts that have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including Circuit Courts, the trial courts of general jurisdiction, and the lower Superior Courts, which house Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts and General District Courts. The Supreme Court has seven justices who serve twelve-year terms, with a mandatory retirement age of 75. The supreme court selects its own Chief Justice from among its seven justices, who is limited to no more than a twelve-year term as Chief.


=== Elections history ===
=== Elections history ===
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=== Tourism ===
=== Tourism ===


=== Agriculture and fishing ===
=== Agriculture ===
 
=== Industry ===
 
=== Mining ===
 
=== Government ===
 
== Seaport ==
 
== Health ==


== Architecture ==
== Architecture ==
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== Transportation ==
== Transportation ==


=== Highways ===
=== Highways and roads ===


=== Airports ===
=== Airports ===
=== Intercity rail ===
=== Public transit ===


== Sports ==
== Sports ==
== State symbols ==
== Sister states ==


== Notable people ==
== Notable people ==
[[Category:Cartadania]]
[[Category:Cartadania]]