Cartadania: Difference between revisions

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== Politics ==

=== Government ===

Cartadania is a {{wp|federalism|federal}}, {{wp|presidential system|presidential}}, {{wp|representative democracy|representative democratic}} republic with a tradition of liberalism, and an egalitarian political ideology. Federal legislative power is vested in the [[National Congress (Cartadania)|National Congress]] consisting of the [[Senate (Cartadania)|Senate]] and [[Chamber of Emissaries (Cartadania)|Chamber of Emissaries]], which together form the legislative body. It makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government. The Cartadanian political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1710 constitution, and all members of Congress have been directly elected since its introduction. Currently federal law sets a minimum three senators per state, while the number of Emissaries is dependent on the population. As of 2024, this number has been fixed at no more than 550, with 524 seats currently active. Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both the Senate and the Chamber of Emissaries; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law, are valid in perpetuity. The legislative bodies in each political entity are the main source of law in Cartadania.

[[File:Tulsi_Gabbard,_official_portrait,_113th_Congress_(cropped_3).jpg|thumb|left|185px|[[Samaria Kalanie]], 56th and current [[President of Cartadania]].]]

The [[President of Cartadania]] is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term, with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. The current president is [[Samaria Kalanie]] of the [[Progressistas Party]]. The President appoints the Secretaries of each federal department (except Veteran Affairs, who is actually appointed by the Secretary of Defense), who assist in government. Since 1757, the party system has been dominated by the [[Social Democracy Party (Cartadania)|Social Democracy Party]] and the [[United Conservative Party]], with occasional one-offs from the [[Progressistas Party (Cartadania)|Progressistas Party]]. So far every president since 1759 has been a member of one of these parties (the ''Partido Conservador'' was the predecessor to the UCP).

The judiciary of Cartadania is, by far, one of strongest in the world relative to other branches of government. It consists of the [[Supreme Court (Cartadania)|Supreme Court]] and lower federal courts, whose judges are now appointed by the incumbent bench with Senate and presidential approval. It interprets laws and overturns those it finds unconstitutional, like any other branch of government, but the degree of autonomy granted to the courts via {{wp|judicial review}} has allowed the interpretation of law to sometimes result in the courts acting more as a legislative body. On more than one occurrence, the supreme court has ordered the other branches to comply with a decision its bench has made, and historically, it has very rarely been challenged.

According to the World Democracy Index, Cartadania ranked first in 2020, a position it had not held since 2000. With regard to the freedoms and laws of Cartadania, the country is seen as a "full democracy" with a high degree of freedom and autonomy. It is considered to be one of the most stable countries in the world, and its citizens often rank as some of the world's happiest.

===Administrative divisions===

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The states are further grouped into six informal regions–the Charente, Etracian, Luson, Satheria, Taínea, Turiana Ocidental, and Valeria, mostly associated with historical and cultural ties. The Luson region is the largest by both population and land area, covering {{convert|1,126,318.5|km2|sqmi}} with a population of 188.9 million, while the Valerian region is the smallest by area at {{convert|240,871|km2|sqmi}} and the Etracian region is the least populous, with 8.513 million people.

The governments of the states have ~~exclusive~~ jurisdiction over their rules and regulations (as long as they do not conflict with federal law). Some states utilize a specific set of shared code rules, and consequently, may be associated together. For example, the Commonwealth states–[[Lombardia]], [[Milan]], [[Porta Bianca]], and [[Verona]]–share a basic law framework commonly, but informally, known as the ''Commonwealth Code'' ({{lang-cd|Lei comunidensis}}, and because these states tend to have a policy of zero-tolerance regarding intentional crimes, the "Commonwealth" states are sometimes thought to all be stricter. However, the title "Commonwealth" is one purely of choice that originated during the end of the [[Ano Roxo]], and holds no true political value.

The governments of the states have jurisdiction over their rules and regulations (as long as they do not conflict with federal law) and share sovereignty with the federal government. Some states utilize a specific set of shared code rules, and consequently, may be associated together. For example, the Commonwealth states–[[Lombardia]], [[Milan]], [[Porta Bianca]], and [[Verona]]–share a basic law framework commonly, but informally, known as the ''Commonwealth Code'' ({{lang-cd|Lei comunidensis}}, and because these states tend to have a policy of zero-tolerance regarding intentional crimes, the "Commonwealth" states are sometimes thought to all be stricter. However, the title "Commonwealth" is one purely of choice that originated during the end of the [[Ano Roxo]], and holds no true political value.

The territories operate in equal weight to the states but lack the degree of autonomy afforded to the states. Territories are semi-autonomous regions with their own charters and codes of law, but do not possess constitutions of their own, and as a result operate at the will of the federal constitution. Therefore, a territory may not codify, with the intent to undermine, any regulation or law brought into force by congress. Even if that law is then devolved to the states, the decisions of Congress will continue to stand (except where struck down or challenged by a federal court). In every other aspect, the governments of the territories are nearly identical to those of the states.

@@ Line 196: / Line 196: @@
 == Politics ==
 === Government ===
+{{Main|Federal government of Cartadania}}
+[[File:Parlament_Vienna_June_2006_183.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Cartadanian Capitol, seat of [[National Congress (Cartadania)|National Congress]].]]
+Cartadania is a {{wp|federalism|federal}}, {{wp|presidential system|presidential}}, {{wp|representative democracy|representative democratic}} republic with a tradition of liberalism, and an egalitarian political ideology. Federal legislative power is vested in the [[National Congress (Cartadania)|National Congress]] consisting of the [[Senate (Cartadania)|Senate]] and [[Chamber of Emissaries (Cartadania)|Chamber of Emissaries]], which together form the legislative body. It makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government. The Cartadanian political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1710 constitution, and all members of Congress have been directly elected since its introduction. Currently federal law sets a minimum three senators per state, while the number of Emissaries is dependent on the population. As of 2024, this number has been fixed at no more than 550, with 524 seats currently active. Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both the Senate and the Chamber of Emissaries; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law, are valid in perpetuity. The legislative bodies in each political entity are the main source of law in Cartadania.
+[[File:Tulsi_Gabbard,_official_portrait,_113th_Congress_(cropped_3).jpg|thumb|left|185px|[[Samaria Kalanie]], 56th and current [[President of Cartadania]].]]
+The [[President of Cartadania]] is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term, with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. The current president is [[Samaria Kalanie]] of the [[Progressistas Party]]. The President appoints the Secretaries of each federal department (except Veteran Affairs, who is actually appointed by the Secretary of Defense), who assist in government. Since 1757, the party system has been dominated by the [[Social Democracy Party (Cartadania)|Social Democracy Party]] and the [[United Conservative Party]], with occasional one-offs from the [[Progressistas Party (Cartadania)|Progressistas Party]]. So far every president since 1759 has been a member of one of these parties (the ''Partido Conservador'' was the predecessor to the UCP).
+The judiciary of Cartadania is, by far, one of strongest in the world relative to other branches of government. It consists of the [[Supreme Court (Cartadania)|Supreme Court]] and lower federal courts, whose judges are now appointed by the incumbent bench with Senate and presidential approval. It interprets laws and overturns those it finds unconstitutional, like any other branch of government, but the degree of autonomy granted to the courts via {{wp|judicial review}} has allowed the interpretation of law to sometimes result in the courts acting more as a legislative body. On more than one occurrence, the supreme court has ordered the other branches to comply with a decision its bench has made, and historically, it has very rarely been challenged.
+According to the World Democracy Index, Cartadania ranked first in 2020, a position it had not held since 2000. With regard to the freedoms and laws of Cartadania, the country is seen as a "full democracy" with a high degree of freedom and autonomy. It is considered to be one of the most stable countries in the world, and its citizens often rank as some of the world's happiest.
 ===Administrative divisions===
 {{Main|Administrative divisions of Cartadania}}
@@ Line 205: / Line 214: @@
 The states are further grouped into six informal regions–the Charente, Etracian, Luson, Satheria, Taínea, Turiana Ocidental, and Valeria, mostly associated with historical and cultural ties. The Luson region is the largest by both population and land area, covering {{convert|1,126,318.5|km2|sqmi}} with a population of 188.9 million, while the Valerian region is the smallest by area at {{convert|240,871|km2|sqmi}} and the Etracian region is the least populous, with 8.513 million people.
-The governments of the states have exclusive jurisdiction over their rules and regulations (as long as they do not conflict with federal law). Some states utilize a specific set of shared code rules, and consequently, may be associated together. For example, the Commonwealth states–[[Lombardia]], [[Milan]], [[Porta Bianca]], and [[Verona]]–share a basic law framework commonly, but informally, known as the ''Commonwealth Code'' ({{lang-cd|Lei comunidensis}}, and because these states tend to have a policy of zero-tolerance regarding intentional crimes, the "Commonwealth" states are sometimes thought to all be stricter. However, the title "Commonwealth" is one purely of choice that originated during the end of the [[Ano Roxo]], and holds no true political value.
+The governments of the states have jurisdiction over their rules and regulations (as long as they do not conflict with federal law) and share sovereignty with the federal government. Some states utilize a specific set of shared code rules, and consequently, may be associated together. For example, the Commonwealth states–[[Lombardia]], [[Milan]], [[Porta Bianca]], and [[Verona]]–share a basic law framework commonly, but informally, known as the ''Commonwealth Code'' ({{lang-cd|Lei comunidensis}}, and because these states tend to have a policy of zero-tolerance regarding intentional crimes, the "Commonwealth" states are sometimes thought to all be stricter. However, the title "Commonwealth" is one purely of choice that originated during the end of the [[Ano Roxo]], and holds no true political value.
 The territories operate in equal weight to the states but lack the degree of autonomy afforded to the states. Territories are semi-autonomous regions with their own charters and codes of law, but do not possess constitutions of their own, and as a result operate at the will of the federal constitution. Therefore, a territory may not codify, with the intent to undermine, any regulation or law brought into force by congress. Even if that law is then devolved to the states, the decisions of Congress will continue to stand (except where struck down or challenged by a federal court). In every other aspect, the governments of the territories are nearly identical to those of the states.

Cartadania: Difference between revisions

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