The Cape: Difference between revisions

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==History==

===Indigenous peoples===

[[File:Cahokia Rattlesnake Causeway and Mound HRoe 2018.jpg|thumb|250px|A depiction of the ~~city-state of Cahokia in~~ ~1350.]]

[[File:Cahokia Rattlesnake Causeway and Mound HRoe 2018.jpg|thumb|250px|A depiction of Cahokia, capital of the [[Cahok Confederation]], ~1350.]]

It has been accepted that the first humans to settle the lands of the Cape arrived at least 12,000 years ago. Indigenous peoples in the Cape today can trace their ancestry to those groups, the two most significant being the [[Cahokia]]n and [[Anahuak]] peoples.

Throughout history, those Indigenous societies became increasingly complex~~. By Occidental colonization, many cultures included permanent settlements, hierarchical states, and advanced agricultural techniques~~. Although it is difficult to estimate the Indigenous population of the Cape at the time of Occidental colonization, the generally accepted number is between 700,000 and 4 million; with the modern Federacy's [[Executive of Culture (the Cape)|Executive of Culture]] recognizing a figure of 2.4 million.

Throughout history, those Indigenous societies became increasingly complex. Although it is difficult to estimate the Indigenous population of the Cape at the time of Occidental colonization, the generally accepted number is between 700,000 and 4 million; with the modern Federacy's [[Executive of Culture (the Cape)|Executive of Culture]] recognizing a figure of 2.4 million.

By the 1200s, these societies would coagulate into the [[Cahok Confederation]], a loose federation of three Cahok nations and two Anahuak nations, people of the {{wp|longhouse}}. The Confederation would expand to include most of the interior of the modern-day Cape, fighting two documented wars against Polynesian empires and the Indigenous states of modern-day [[Paulastra]].

Initial contact between Occidental settlers and the nations of the Confederation were relatively peaceful. Those of Indigenous mixed descent played a vital role in establishing Kiravian colonies and trade connections. Indigenous relations with [[Kiravian Capetians]] remained strong until independence. However, conflict quickly arose with the Cartadanian settlers, who, starting in the 18th century, began to conquer parts of the Confederation and attempted to assimilate them into their culture. Such actions reached a peak before the War of Independence, with forced integrations and deportations.

Initial contact between Occidental settlers and the various Indigenous states and commonwealths was relatively peaceful. Those of Indigenous mixed descent played a vital role in establishing Kiravian colonies and trade connections. Indigenous relations with [[Kiravian Capetians]] remained strong until independence. However, conflict quickly arose with the Cartadanian settlers, who, starting in the 18th century, began to conquer Indigenous states and attempted to assimilate them into their culture. Such actions reached a peak before the War of Independence, with forced integrations and deportations.

===Occidental colonization===

[[File:Viking at MN Capitol.jpg|thumb|220px|The restored Marble Emperor statue in Cape Town.]]

The first documented arrival of Occidentals in the Cape was on Christmas of 1612, by Cartadanian {{wp|conquistadors}}. In 1616, Kiravian explorers arrived, erecting a crude effigy of the [[Marble Emperor]] on the southern tip of the Cape Peninsula and declaring the establishment of [[Cape Town]]. Settlers to the “city” would only truly arrive a decade later. Cartadanian settlers established the permanent settlement of [[Sao Suro]] in 1621. These two cities would serve as the heart of the Cape’s fur and gold trades and soon became the respective capitals of Kiravia’s [[Cape Colony]] and Cartadania’s [[Natalia|Natalia Colony]]. Skirmishes would break out between the two colonies in the 1670s, culminating in the [[Little Beaver War]], fought over the control of the fur trade and the ~~Indigenous states surrounding the colonies~~.

The first documented arrival of Occidentals in the Cape was on Christmas of 1612, by Cartadanian {{wp|conquistadors}}. In 1616, Kiravian explorers arrived, erecting a crude effigy of the [[Marble Emperor]] on the southern tip of the Cape Peninsula and declaring the establishment of [[Cape Town]]. Settlers to the “city” would only truly arrive a decade later. Cartadanian settlers established the permanent settlement of [[Sao Suro]] in 1621. These two cities would serve as the heart of the Cape’s fur and gold trades and soon became the respective capitals of Kiravia’s [[Cape Colony]] and Cartadania’s [[Natalia|Natalia Colony]]. Skirmishes would break out between the two colonies in the 1670s, culminating in the [[Little Beaver War]], fought over the control of the fur trade and access to the Confederate nations.

[[File:William John Huggins - The East Indiamen ‚Lowther Castle‘, off Table Bay, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|left|220px|The East Oriental, off the coast of Cape Town, 1771.]]

Fleeing turmoil in the nascent [[Cartadanian Republic]], much of Cartadania’s wealthy left for Natalia. A coup, led by the newly-arrived upper class, took place in 1697 during the republic’s tumultuous [[Ano Roxo|Red Year]]. This coup deposed the former colonial administration for an oligarchic corporate administration. The 17th century would see a ''de-facto'' independent Natalia ~~annex the Indigenous statelets surrounding it in the~~ [[~~Cahokian Wars~~]]~~; first subjugating~~, ~~then assimilating~~ the ~~Indigenous people~~. Such acts came to the chagrin of the new [[Cartadania|Federative Republic of Cartadania]], although any solid police action was found unfeasible by the new [[National Congress (Cartadania)|Cartadanian Congress]].

Fleeing turmoil in the nascent [[Cartadanian Republic]], much of Cartadania’s wealthy left for Natalia. A coup, led by the newly-arrived upper class, took place in 1697 during the republic’s tumultuous [[Ano Roxo|Red Year]]. This coup deposed the former colonial administration for an oligarchic corporate administration. The 17th century would see a ''de-facto'' independent Natalia declare [[Cahok War|total war]] on the Cahok Confederation. Within a year, the Confederation was overrun and split into a variety of nations, with a large proportion of its eastern territories conquered. Such acts came to the chagrin of the new [[Cartadania|Federative Republic of Cartadania]], although any solid police action was found unfeasible by the new [[National Congress (Cartadania)|Cartadanian Congress]].

New arrivals from Kiravia, largely lower-class, peasant farmers and middle-class merchants, settled Cape Colony starting in the 1700s. These peasants soon found themselves with little arable land left, providing much of the impetus for the [[Cronan Beaver War|Great Beaver War]] fought between [[Urcea]] and Kiravia. Throughout this time, Cape Town became a vital military port, an important trading port for the [[Alshar]] spice trade, and the gateway to Crona's abundant gold, resource, and fur trade. Some of the earliest mixed-race communities developed during that time in Cape Town. Relations between Cape Colony and the ~~surrounding Indigenous peoples~~ were relatively cordial compared to their relations with the Natalia colony. However, they were likewise annexed to halt the growth of the Natalian sphere of influence through the [[Treaties of 1792]], which granted Kiravia control over their foreign policies.

New arrivals from Kiravia, largely lower-class, peasant farmers and middle-class merchants, settled Cape Colony starting in the 1700s. These peasants soon found themselves with little arable land left, providing much of the impetus for the [[Cronan Beaver War|Great Beaver War]] fought between [[Urcea]] and Kiravia. Throughout this time, Cape Town became a vital military port, an important trading port for the [[Alshar]] spice trade, and the gateway to Crona's abundant gold, resource, and fur trade. Some of the earliest mixed-race communities developed during that time in Cape Town. Relations between Cape Colony and the remnant nations of the Confederation were relatively cordial compared to their relations with the Natalia colony. However, they were likewise annexed to halt the growth of the Natalian sphere of influence through the [[Treaties of 1792]], which granted Kiravia control over their foreign policies.

Despite continuous immigration, by the 1880s, only a tiny minority of Cape Colony’s population had been born overseas. Such distance from [[Great Kirav]] allowed the development of a unique, Capetian culture and self-governance measures. At the same time, the situation in Natalia became untenable - by the 1890s, the colony’s working-class and Indigenous populations were soon on the brink of open revolution.

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By June of 1897, following significant uprisings in Cape Town, Kiravia exited the Cape. The NRA’s provisional government was recognized provided the new state remained a Kiravian ally and allowed the continuation of Kiravian trade. The transition of statehood from Cape Colony to the NRA's Cape Town government (subsequently known as the Government of the Supreme National Assembly) was formalized on June 22, 1897. By 1898, Natalia’s Indigenous population was in open revolt, with most local chiefs and leaders pledging allegiance to the NRA. “Liberating the peoples of Natalia” became official policy at the first convocation of the [[Supreme National Assembly]]. The invasion of Natalia, the [[Great Offensive]], would conclude in February of 1901. On October 7, the newly formed Federacy of the Cape was declared the successor state to both Cape Colony and Natalia, with Melvyn Kalma serving as the first [[Prime Executive of the Cape|Prime Executive]].

[[File:General PE Calles 8 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Melvyn Kalma]], the first Prime Executive of the Cape.]]

Kalma subsequently introduced many [[Restarkism|reforms]], such as {{wp|secularism|secularizing}} the state, ~~establishing~~ a ~~period~~ of ~~redress for the Indigenous peoples~~, and instituting industrializing reforms with the goal of transforming the Cape into a modern~~, Occidental~~ {{wp|nation state}}, governed as a {{wp|constitutional republic}} with a secular {{wp|constitution}}. To this end, the political activities of the NRA were separated into the civilian [[Republican Nationalist Party]] - which was to govern the country under a {{wp|one-party state|single-party period}} of tutelage until such reforms were complete. ~~Following the establishment of the Federacy,~~ certain groups in the former Natalia~~, both upper~~ and ~~working-class, became discontent~~ with ~~Kalma's reforms~~. Anti-secularist and anti-tutelage~~/pro-democracy~~ (the [[Kadets Rebellion]]) revolts broke out in 1907 and 1911, respectively, which were suppressed with military force.

Kalma subsequently introduced many [[Restarkism|reforms]] to {{wp|Westernization|Occidentalize}} the Cape, such as {{wp|secularism|secularizing}} the state, instituting a Western code of fundamental rights, and instituting industrializing reforms with the goal of transforming the Cape into a modern {{wp|nation state}}, governed as a {{wp|constitutional republic}} with a secular {{wp|constitution}}. To this end, the political activities of the NRA were separated into the civilian [[Republican Nationalist Party]] - which was to govern the country under a {{wp|one-party state|single-party period}} of tutelage until such reforms were complete. Such reforms proved unpopular with certain Catholic Lusophone groups in the former Natalia and with many Indigenous groups who aimed for the restoration of the Confederation. Anti-secularist, anti-Occidentalization, and anti-tutelage (the [[Kadets Rebellion]]) revolts broke out in 1907, 1908, and 1911, respectively, which were suppressed with military force.

===20th century===

After Kalma’s death in 1922, the reformist-dominated RNP considered the Cape sufficiently developed to exit the period of political tutelage, beginning the first [[multi-party period of the Federacy of the Cape]]. Four major parties contested the 1924 elections: the [[Communist Party of the Cape (1924)|Communist Party]], the [[Kadets (the Cape)|Constitutional Democrats (Kadets)]], the {{wp|fascist|Levantine fascist}} [[Lusophone Worker’s Front]], and the Republican Nationalist Party. The RNP was controversially returned as the majority with a margin of barely one percent - with the months following being permeated with brutal street fighting between Republican, Kadet, Front, and Communist militias.

@@ Line 147: / Line 147: @@
 ==History==
 ===Indigenous peoples===
-[[File:Cahokia Rattlesnake Causeway and Mound HRoe 2018.jpg|thumb|250px|A depiction of the city-state of Cahokia in ~1350.]]
+[[File:Cahokia Rattlesnake Causeway and Mound HRoe 2018.jpg|thumb|250px|A depiction of Cahokia, capital of the [[Cahok Confederation]], ~1350.]]
 It has been accepted that the first humans to settle the lands of the Cape arrived at least 12,000 years ago. Indigenous peoples in the Cape today can trace their ancestry to those groups, the two most significant being the [[Cahokia]]n and [[Anahuak]] peoples.
-Throughout history, those Indigenous societies became increasingly complex. By Occidental colonization, many cultures included permanent settlements, hierarchical states, and advanced agricultural techniques. Although it is difficult to estimate the Indigenous population of the Cape at the time of Occidental colonization, the generally accepted number is between 700,000 and 4 million; with the modern Federacy's [[Executive of Culture (the Cape)|Executive of Culture]] recognizing a figure of 2.4 million.
+Throughout history, those Indigenous societies became increasingly complex. Although it is difficult to estimate the Indigenous population of the Cape at the time of Occidental colonization, the generally accepted number is between 700,000 and 4 million; with the modern Federacy's [[Executive of Culture (the Cape)|Executive of Culture]] recognizing a figure of 2.4 million.
+By the 1200s, these societies would coagulate into the [[Cahok Confederation]], a loose federation of three Cahok nations and two Anahuak nations, people of the {{wp|longhouse}}. The Confederation would expand to include most of the interior of the modern-day Cape, fighting two documented wars against Polynesian empires and the Indigenous states of modern-day [[Paulastra]].
+Initial contact between Occidental settlers and the nations of the Confederation were relatively peaceful. Those of Indigenous mixed descent played a vital role in establishing Kiravian colonies and trade connections. Indigenous relations with [[Kiravian Capetians]] remained strong until independence. However, conflict quickly arose with the Cartadanian settlers, who, starting in the 18th century, began to conquer parts of the Confederation and attempted to assimilate them into their culture. Such actions reached a peak before the War of Independence, with forced integrations and deportations.
-Initial contact between Occidental settlers and the various Indigenous states and commonwealths was relatively peaceful. Those of Indigenous mixed descent played a vital role in establishing Kiravian colonies and trade connections. Indigenous relations with [[Kiravian Capetians]] remained strong until independence. However, conflict quickly arose with the Cartadanian settlers, who, starting in the 18th century, began to conquer Indigenous states and attempted to assimilate them into their culture. Such actions reached a peak before the War of Independence, with forced integrations and deportations.
 ===Occidental colonization===
 [[File:Viking at MN Capitol.jpg|thumb|220px|The restored Marble Emperor statue in Cape Town.]]
-The first documented arrival of Occidentals in the Cape was on Christmas of 1612, by Cartadanian {{wp|conquistadors}}. In 1616, Kiravian explorers arrived, erecting a crude effigy of the [[Marble Emperor]] on the southern tip of the Cape Peninsula and declaring the establishment of [[Cape Town]]. Settlers to the “city” would only truly arrive a decade later. Cartadanian settlers established the permanent settlement of [[Sao Suro]] in 1621. These two cities would serve as the heart of the Cape’s fur and gold trades and soon became the respective capitals of Kiravia’s [[Cape Colony]] and Cartadania’s [[Natalia|Natalia Colony]]. Skirmishes would break out between the two colonies in the 1670s, culminating in the [[Little Beaver War]], fought over the control of the fur trade and the Indigenous states surrounding the colonies.
+The first documented arrival of Occidentals in the Cape was on Christmas of 1612, by Cartadanian {{wp|conquistadors}}. In 1616, Kiravian explorers arrived, erecting a crude effigy of the [[Marble Emperor]] on the southern tip of the Cape Peninsula and declaring the establishment of [[Cape Town]]. Settlers to the “city” would only truly arrive a decade later. Cartadanian settlers established the permanent settlement of [[Sao Suro]] in 1621. These two cities would serve as the heart of the Cape’s fur and gold trades and soon became the respective capitals of Kiravia’s [[Cape Colony]] and Cartadania’s [[Natalia|Natalia Colony]]. Skirmishes would break out between the two colonies in the 1670s, culminating in the [[Little Beaver War]], fought over the control of the fur trade and access to the Confederate nations.
 [[File:William John Huggins - The East Indiamen ‚Lowther Castle‘, off Table Bay, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|left|220px|The East Oriental, off the coast of Cape Town, 1771.]]
-Fleeing turmoil in the nascent [[Cartadanian Republic]], much of Cartadania’s wealthy left for Natalia. A coup, led by the newly-arrived upper class, took place in 1697 during the republic’s tumultuous [[Ano Roxo|Red Year]]. This coup deposed the former colonial administration for an oligarchic corporate administration. The 17th century would see a ''de-facto'' independent Natalia annex the Indigenous statelets surrounding it in the [[Cahokian Wars]]; first subjugating, then assimilating the Indigenous people. Such acts came to the chagrin of the new [[Cartadania|Federative Republic of Cartadania]], although any solid police action was found unfeasible by the new [[National Congress (Cartadania)|Cartadanian Congress]].
+Fleeing turmoil in the nascent [[Cartadanian Republic]], much of Cartadania’s wealthy left for Natalia. A coup, led by the newly-arrived upper class, took place in 1697 during the republic’s tumultuous [[Ano Roxo|Red Year]]. This coup deposed the former colonial administration for an oligarchic corporate administration. The 17th century would see a ''de-facto'' independent Natalia declare [[Cahok War|total war]] on the Cahok Confederation. Within a year, the Confederation was overrun and split into a variety of nations, with a large proportion of its eastern territories conquered. Such acts came to the chagrin of the new [[Cartadania|Federative Republic of Cartadania]], although any solid police action was found unfeasible by the new [[National Congress (Cartadania)|Cartadanian Congress]].
-New arrivals from Kiravia, largely lower-class, peasant farmers and middle-class merchants, settled Cape Colony starting in the 1700s. These peasants soon found themselves with little arable land left, providing much of the impetus for the [[Cronan Beaver War|Great Beaver War]] fought between [[Urcea]] and Kiravia. Throughout this time, Cape Town became a vital military port, an important trading port for the [[Alshar]] spice trade, and the gateway to Crona's abundant gold, resource, and fur trade. Some of the earliest mixed-race communities developed during that time in Cape Town. Relations between Cape Colony and the surrounding Indigenous peoples were relatively cordial compared to their relations with the Natalia colony. However, they were likewise annexed to halt the growth of the Natalian sphere of influence through the [[Treaties of 1792]], which granted Kiravia control over their foreign policies.
+New arrivals from Kiravia, largely lower-class, peasant farmers and middle-class merchants, settled Cape Colony starting in the 1700s. These peasants soon found themselves with little arable land left, providing much of the impetus for the [[Cronan Beaver War|Great Beaver War]] fought between [[Urcea]] and Kiravia. Throughout this time, Cape Town became a vital military port, an important trading port for the [[Alshar]] spice trade, and the gateway to Crona's abundant gold, resource, and fur trade. Some of the earliest mixed-race communities developed during that time in Cape Town. Relations between Cape Colony and the remnant nations of the Confederation were relatively cordial compared to their relations with the Natalia colony. However, they were likewise annexed to halt the growth of the Natalian sphere of influence through the [[Treaties of 1792]], which granted Kiravia control over their foreign policies.
 Despite continuous immigration, by the 1880s, only a tiny minority of Cape Colony’s population had been born overseas. Such distance from [[Great Kirav]] allowed the development of a unique, Capetian culture and self-governance measures. At the same time, the situation in Natalia became untenable - by the 1890s, the colony’s working-class and Indigenous populations were soon on the brink of open revolution.
@@ Line 178: / Line 182: @@
 By June of 1897, following significant uprisings in Cape Town, Kiravia exited the Cape. The NRA’s provisional government was recognized provided the new state remained a Kiravian ally and allowed the continuation of Kiravian trade. The transition of statehood from Cape Colony to the NRA's Cape Town government (subsequently known as the Government of the Supreme National Assembly) was formalized on June 22, 1897. By 1898, Natalia’s Indigenous population was in open revolt, with most local chiefs and leaders pledging allegiance to the NRA. “Liberating the peoples of Natalia” became official policy at the first convocation of the [[Supreme National Assembly]]. The invasion of Natalia, the [[Great Offensive]], would conclude in February of 1901. On October 7, the newly formed Federacy of the Cape was declared the successor state to both Cape Colony and Natalia, with Melvyn Kalma serving as the first [[Prime Executive of the Cape|Prime Executive]].
 [[File:General PE Calles 8 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Melvyn Kalma]], the first Prime Executive of the Cape.]]
-Kalma subsequently introduced many [[Restarkism|reforms]], such as {{wp|secularism|secularizing}} the state, establishing a period of redress for the Indigenous peoples, and instituting industrializing reforms with the goal of transforming the Cape into a modern, Occidental {{wp|nation state}}, governed as a {{wp|constitutional republic}} with a secular {{wp|constitution}}. To this end, the political activities of the NRA were separated into the civilian [[Republican Nationalist Party]] - which was to govern the country under a {{wp|one-party state|single-party period}} of tutelage until such reforms were complete. Following the establishment of the Federacy, certain groups in the former Natalia, both upper and working-class, became discontent with Kalma's reforms. Anti-secularist and anti-tutelage/pro-democracy (the [[Kadets Rebellion]]) revolts broke out in 1907 and 1911, respectively, which were suppressed with military force.
+Kalma subsequently introduced many [[Restarkism|reforms]] to {{wp|Westernization|Occidentalize}} the Cape, such as {{wp|secularism|secularizing}} the state, instituting a Western code of fundamental rights, and instituting industrializing reforms with the goal of transforming the Cape into a modern {{wp|nation state}}, governed as a {{wp|constitutional republic}} with a secular {{wp|constitution}}. To this end, the political activities of the NRA were separated into the civilian [[Republican Nationalist Party]] - which was to govern the country under a {{wp|one-party state|single-party period}} of tutelage until such reforms were complete. Such reforms proved unpopular with certain Catholic Lusophone groups in the former Natalia and with many Indigenous groups who aimed for the restoration of the Confederation. Anti-secularist, anti-Occidentalization, and anti-tutelage (the [[Kadets Rebellion]]) revolts broke out in 1907, 1908, and 1911, respectively, which were suppressed with military force.
 ===20th century===
 After Kalma’s death in 1922, the reformist-dominated RNP considered the Cape sufficiently developed to exit the period of political tutelage, beginning the first [[multi-party period of the Federacy of the Cape]]. Four major parties contested the 1924 elections: the [[Communist Party of the Cape (1924)|Communist Party]], the [[Kadets (the Cape)|Constitutional Democrats (Kadets)]], the {{wp|fascist|Levantine fascist}} [[Lusophone Worker’s Front]], and the Republican Nationalist Party. The RNP was controversially returned as the majority with a margin of barely one percent - with the months following being permeated with brutal street fighting between Republican, Kadet, Front, and Communist militias.

The Cape: Difference between revisions

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