Arco Polar Expeditions: Difference between revisions

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By this point on the return, the late November temperatures began coating the ships rigging and superstructures with a considerable amount of ice. A lack of de-icing equipment, as well as many of the new volunteers who were not veterans of the 1891 expedition lacking proper winter clothing meant that problems stemming from the initial rush for another successful expedition began to be seen. Disaster struck during another winter storm off the coast of the Albion Peninsula in the last week of November, 1893. Severe icing on the ''Forthright''<nowiki/>'s rigging had caused her to become overly top heavy. Howland, then leading the land expeditionary contingent on the ''Archer'', as the ''Emily'' was undergoing repairs, watched as the ''Forthright'' took on a serious list to starboard, and took on water. With waves as high as 25 feet, the ship went under shortly after, with no ability to launch lifeboats, life rafts, etc. The heavy sea state and freezing conditions above and below surface meant that the ability to rescue survivors, if any, was limited. This represented the first serious loss of life on an expedition, the ''Forthright'' having 27 souls aboard when she sank.

The return to Arcerion was considerably less enthusiastic as the brave adventurers had lost so many of their own, and the government was incredibly hesitant to now continue funding these expeditions. However the Arco Transpolar Investigatory Commission was setup by the Foreign Office in conjunction with the Naval Service to investigate the sinking of the ''Forthright'', and found that rushed preparations, poorly trained and equipped crew, and a lack of experienced Arctic sailors had led to the demise of the ''Forthright''. However, from this, the government began to work on codifying the requirements for future expeditions should the appetite arise again, and recommended that much more time and effort be invested into future expeditions in order to minimize unnecessary loss of life. Hetherington, in his memoirs, stated that the loss of the ''Forthright'' was entirely preventable, and only a mad frenzy to foster another successful expedition had led to the deaths of almost thirty men.

The return to Arcerion was considerably less enthusiastic as the brave adventurers had lost so many of their own, and the government was incredibly hesitant to now continue funding these expeditions. However the [[Arco Transpolar Investigatory Commission]] was setup by the Foreign Office in conjunction with the Naval Service to investigate the sinking of the ''Forthright'', and found that rushed preparations, poorly trained and equipped crew, and a lack of experienced Arctic sailors had led to the demise of the ''Forthright''. However, from this, the government began to work on codifying the requirements for future expeditions should the appetite arise again, and recommended that much more time and effort be invested into future expeditions in order to minimize unnecessary loss of life. Hetherington, in his memoirs, stated that the loss of the ''Forthright'' was entirely preventable, and only a mad frenzy to foster another successful expedition had led to the deaths of almost thirty men.

=== Expedition of 1899 ===

After the loss of the ''Forthright'' in 1893, John Howland had been determined to take another expedition North and set up a long-term survey and research camp dedicated to providing that Arctic expeditions were still feasible. Howland entreated the Arco Transpolar Investigatory Commission twice unsuccessfully, in both 1894, and 1896 for a new expedition of this sort to be made. Finally, the decision was made to permit the sailing of a single ship and crew to minimize the fallout should it be lost after the ''Forthright'' loss. Howland during this time had kept up his academic research and preparations, leading a pair of mountaineering expeditions to [[Mount Carter]] in [[Moorden]] in 1895 and 1896. From this, he ~~ahd~~ cultivated an experienced team of civilian and military explorers.

After the loss of the ''Forthright'' in 1893, John Howland had been determined to take another expedition North and set up a long-term survey and research camp dedicated to providing that Arctic expeditions were still feasible. Howland entreated the Arco Transpolar Investigatory Commission twice unsuccessfully, in both 1894, and 1896 for a new expedition of this sort to be made. Finally, the decision was made to permit the sailing of a single ship and crew to minimize the fallout should it be lost after the ''Forthright'' loss. Howland during this time had kept up his academic research and preparations, leading a pair of mountaineering expeditions to [[Mount Carter]] in [[Moorden]] in 1895 and 1896. From this, he had cultivated an experienced team of civilian and military explorers. However, with the turn of the century and a renewed effort to cement Arco national identity, Prime Minister Daniel Hayes approved a limited expedition of a single ship to the Arctic, with the caveat it was led by Howland and was comprised of experienced volunteers. Concurrent to this, oversight from the Arco Transpolar Investigatory Commission for preparation based off of their 1893 report on the previous expedition's shortcomings and failures leading to disaster were mandated.

Howland accepted the terms and in the summer of 1897 began a two-year plan to prepare his teams for what they would experience. He recruited his land contingent from not only the mountaineers and alpine experts of Moorden, but he specifically targeted his maritime and naval contingent from a mixture of 1891/93 veteran sailors, augmenting them with whalers from [[Burgundie]] as best he could. Howland felt they brought rough sea experience that was lacking in 1893, that would make the difference for the longer, more difficult expedition of 1899.

=== Howland's Expedition ===

Burg built ships (2) for Howland's big trip up North

=== Howland-Rickett Expedition ===

=== Expedition of 1911 ===

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 By this point on the return, the late November temperatures began coating the ships rigging and superstructures with a considerable amount of ice. A lack of de-icing equipment, as well as many of the new volunteers who were not veterans of the 1891 expedition lacking proper winter clothing meant that problems stemming from the initial rush for another successful expedition began to be seen. Disaster struck during another winter storm off the coast of the Albion Peninsula in the last week of November, 1893. Severe icing on the ''Forthright''<nowiki/>'s rigging had caused her to become overly top heavy. Howland, then leading the land expeditionary contingent on the ''Archer'', as the ''Emily'' was undergoing repairs, watched as the ''Forthright'' took on a serious list to starboard, and took on water. With waves as high as 25 feet, the ship went under shortly after, with no ability to launch lifeboats, life rafts, etc. The heavy sea state and freezing conditions above and below surface meant that the ability to rescue survivors, if any, was limited. This represented the first serious loss of life on an expedition, the ''Forthright'' having 27 souls aboard when she sank.
-The return to Arcerion was considerably less enthusiastic as the brave adventurers had lost so many of their own, and the government was incredibly hesitant to now continue funding these expeditions. However the Arco Transpolar Investigatory Commission was setup by the Foreign Office in conjunction with the Naval Service to investigate the sinking of the ''Forthright'', and found that rushed preparations, poorly trained and equipped crew, and a lack of experienced Arctic sailors had led to the demise of the ''Forthright''. However, from this, the government began to work on codifying the requirements for future expeditions should the appetite arise again, and recommended that much more time and effort be invested into future expeditions in order to minimize unnecessary loss of life. Hetherington, in his memoirs, stated that the loss of the ''Forthright'' was entirely preventable, and only a mad frenzy to foster another successful expedition had led to the deaths of almost thirty men.
+The return to Arcerion was considerably less enthusiastic as the brave adventurers had lost so many of their own, and the government was incredibly hesitant to now continue funding these expeditions. However the [[Arco Transpolar Investigatory Commission]] was setup by the Foreign Office in conjunction with the Naval Service to investigate the sinking of the ''Forthright'', and found that rushed preparations, poorly trained and equipped crew, and a lack of experienced Arctic sailors had led to the demise of the ''Forthright''. However, from this, the government began to work on codifying the requirements for future expeditions should the appetite arise again, and recommended that much more time and effort be invested into future expeditions in order to minimize unnecessary loss of life. Hetherington, in his memoirs, stated that the loss of the ''Forthright'' was entirely preventable, and only a mad frenzy to foster another successful expedition had led to the deaths of almost thirty men.
 === Expedition of 1899 ===
-After the loss of the ''Forthright'' in 1893, John Howland had been determined to take another expedition North and set up a long-term survey and research camp dedicated to providing that Arctic expeditions were still feasible. Howland entreated the Arco Transpolar Investigatory Commission twice unsuccessfully, in both 1894, and 1896 for a new expedition of this sort to be made. Finally, the decision was made to permit the sailing of a single ship and crew to minimize the fallout should it be lost after the ''Forthright'' loss. Howland during this time had kept up his academic research and preparations, leading a pair of mountaineering expeditions to [[Mount Carter]] in [[Moorden]] in 1895 and 1896. From this, he ahd cultivated an experienced team of civilian and military explorers.
+After the loss of the ''Forthright'' in 1893, John Howland had been determined to take another expedition North and set up a long-term survey and research camp dedicated to providing that Arctic expeditions were still feasible. Howland entreated the Arco Transpolar Investigatory Commission twice unsuccessfully, in both 1894, and 1896 for a new expedition of this sort to be made. Finally, the decision was made to permit the sailing of a single ship and crew to minimize the fallout should it be lost after the ''Forthright'' loss. Howland during this time had kept up his academic research and preparations, leading a pair of mountaineering expeditions to [[Mount Carter]] in [[Moorden]] in 1895 and 1896. From this, he had cultivated an experienced team of civilian and military explorers. However, with the turn of the century and a renewed effort to cement Arco national identity, Prime Minister Daniel Hayes approved a limited expedition of a single ship to the Arctic, with the caveat it was led by Howland and was comprised of experienced volunteers. Concurrent to this, oversight from the Arco Transpolar Investigatory Commission for preparation based off of their 1893 report on the previous expedition's shortcomings and failures leading to disaster were mandated.
+Howland accepted the terms and in the summer of 1897 began a two-year plan to prepare his teams for what they would experience. He recruited his land contingent from not only the mountaineers and alpine experts of Moorden, but he specifically targeted his maritime and naval contingent from a mixture of 1891/93 veteran sailors, augmenting them with whalers from [[Burgundie]] as best he could. Howland felt they brought rough sea experience that was lacking in 1893, that would make the difference for the longer, more difficult expedition of 1899.
 === Howland's Expedition ===
 Burg built ships (2) for Howland's big trip up North
 === Howland-Rickett Expedition ===
 === Expedition of 1911 ===

Arco Polar Expeditions: Difference between revisions

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