Mesozoic Era of Great Kiravia: Difference between revisions

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The '''Mesozoic Era of Great Kiravia''' is defined as an era as encompassing the {{wp|Triassic}}, {{wp|Jurassic}} and {{wp|Cretaceous}} {{wp|Period (geology)|Periods}} on the continent of [[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]], lasting from about 252 to 66 million years ago.<ref>All times given by the {{wp|Gregorian calendar}} unless otherwise stated.</ref> Often referred to as the "Age of Reptiles",<ref>A term coined by [[Burgundie|Bergendii]] polymath [[Gideon-Raphael Mantelleaux]] in 1843.</ref> it is characterized by the dominance of {{wp|Archosauria|archosaurian}} reptiles such as the {{wp|Dinosauria|dinosaurs}}, an abundance of gymnosperms (such as ginkgoales, bennettitales) and ferns, a hot greenhouse climate and the tectonic break-up of Pangaea. The period is defined geologically as beginning with the first appearance of the Conodont ''Hindeodus parvus'' and ending with an {{wp|Iridium}} enriched layer associated with a major meteorite impact in modern-day [[Daxia]] and subsequent {{wp|Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event|K-Pg extinction event}}. It is also sometimes referred to as the "Age of Conifers" in Great Kiravia due to the abundance of fossilized material from coniferous trees.<ref>Balboa, Maximus: ''A comprehensive history of paleontology'', pg. 3. 2004.</ref>

[[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]] is unique in the Mesozoic for being an island continent with only very little outside contact following the ~~Pangea~~-Kiravia split at the end of the Triassic period.<ref>The exception being marine reptiles and intercontinental ocean-going pterosaurs like ''{{wp|Quetzalcoatlus}}''.</ref> With basal clades of {{wp|Pterosauromorph|pterosauromorphs}}, {{wp|Theropod|theropods}}, {{wp|Sauropodomorph|sauropodomorphs}} and {{wp|Ornithischia|ornithischians}} already inhabiting Great Kiravia at the time of the split however, these were able to evolve and diversify independently of archosauromorphs elsewhere, resulting in numerous examples of {{wp|Convergent evolution|convergent evolution}} with otherwise very distantly related genera but also many examples of {{wp|Island gigantism|island gigantism}}, {{wp|Island dwarfism|island dwarfism}} and notably of [[Hieronymous Bergmann#Bergmann's_rule|Bergmann's rule]].<ref>Bergmann's rule, named for [[Yonderre|Yonderian]] [[Paleontology in Yonderre|paleontologist]] [[Hieronymous Bergmann]], states that populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.</ref> Evolution on the continent of Great Kiravia was heavily influenced by its three distinct biomes; a volcanic nearly arctic climate in the far north, a temperate highly arboreal climate in the south and a major riparian border zone in-between the two characterized by rolling plains and river deltas.<ref>Konsaháken, Vurdhan: ''Paleogeology of Great Kiravia'', [[University of Belarus]], pg. 14-19. 2012.</ref>

[[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]] is unique in the Mesozoic for being an island continent with only very little outside contact following the Pangaea-Kiravia split at the end of the Triassic period.<ref>The exception being marine reptiles and intercontinental ocean-going pterosaurs like ''{{wp|Quetzalcoatlus}}''.</ref> With basal clades of {{wp|Pterosauromorph|pterosauromorphs}}, {{wp|Theropod|theropods}}, {{wp|Sauropodomorph|sauropodomorphs}} and {{wp|Ornithischia|ornithischians}} already inhabiting Great Kiravia at the time of the split however, these were able to evolve and diversify independently of archosauromorphs elsewhere, resulting in numerous examples of {{wp|Convergent evolution|convergent evolution}} with otherwise very distantly related genera but also many examples of {{wp|Island gigantism|island gigantism}}, {{wp|Island dwarfism|island dwarfism}} and notably of [[Hieronymous Bergmann#Bergmann's_rule|Bergmann's rule]].<ref>Bergmann's rule, named for [[Yonderre|Yonderian]] [[Paleontology in Yonderre|paleontologist]] [[Hieronymous Bergmann]], states that populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.</ref> Evolution on the continent of Great Kiravia was heavily influenced by its three distinct biomes; a volcanic nearly arctic climate in the far north, a temperate highly arboreal climate in the south and a major riparian border zone in-between the two characterized by rolling plains and river deltas.<ref>Konsaháken, Vurdhan: ''Paleogeology of Great Kiravia'', [[University of Belarus]], pg. 14-19. 2012.</ref>

Despite a relatively limited number of clades of synapsids, dinosauromorphs and pterosauromorphs occupying [[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]] following the [[Triassic–Jurassic extinction event]], the paleobiological diversity of Great Kiravia appears to be only slightly weaker than that of [[Sarpolevantia]] in the advent of the Cretaceous, suggesting a rapid and diverse evolutionary process had taken place during the Jurassic to fill all the niches left open by the T-J event.<ref>Lyukquar, Ansar: ''Kiravia and the Mesozoic'', pg. 67-69. 2015.</ref> At least one clade of small Kiravian theropods appear to have evolved powered flight independently of their [[Sarpolevantia|Sarpolevantine]] counterparts during the late Jurassic period; there is also physical paleontological evidence of feathers in many theropods of various sizes in Great Kiravia, lending further evidence to the theory that feathers are ancestral to {{wp|Archosauria|archosaurian}} reptiles.<ref>Balboa, Maximus: ''A comprehensive history of paleontology'', pg. 104. 2004.</ref> Like the rest of the world, the Cretaceous period ended when the {{wp|Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event|K-Pg extinction event}} occured following a major meteor striking central [[Daxia]], causing the mass extinction of all non-avian dinosaurs and most other tetrapods weighing more than 25 kilograms (55 pounds).

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===Triassic (252 to 201 million years ago)===

The early Triassic period of Great Kiravia is thought to have been largely similar to that in Triassic [[Levantia]] as the two were directly connected. {{wp|Synapsid|Synapsids}} and {{wp|Sauropsida|sauropsids}} would have diversified greatly during this period,<ref>Few species have been excavated from the early Triassic of Kiravia because of a lack of access to appropriate dig sites.</ref> with the synapsid clade known as {{wp|Therapsid|therapsids}} evidently establishing themselves as highly succesful towards the end of the Triassic period. Early dinosauromorphs migrated to Kiravia in the late Triassic and began competing with the therapsids for resources and thus evolutionary success. The eruption of the supervolcano [[Gimænbayer]] in modern day [[Sauropod Oblast]], [[Kiravia]], is widely agreed by paleontologists to have ended the Triassic period and facilitated the [[Triassic–Jurassic extinction event]] which led to the extinction of most of, if not all, non-therapsid synapsids leading to the rise of the dinosaurs<ref>Paleontologists agree that both groups were already being outcompeted by dinosauromorphs but disagree on the extent.</ref> and ultimately heralded the dislodgement and separation of the continent of [[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]] from ~~Pangea~~.<ref>Fürster, Johann: ''Mammalian derivation of the Permian period'', pg. 169-172. 1999.</ref>

The early Triassic period of Great Kiravia is thought to have been largely similar to that in Triassic [[Levantia]] as the two were directly connected. {{wp|Synapsid|Synapsids}} and {{wp|Sauropsida|sauropsids}} would have diversified greatly during this period,<ref>Few species have been excavated from the early Triassic of Kiravia because of a lack of access to appropriate dig sites.</ref> with the synapsid clade known as {{wp|Therapsid|therapsids}} evidently establishing themselves as highly succesful towards the end of the Triassic period. Early dinosauromorphs migrated to Kiravia in the late Triassic and began competing with the therapsids for resources and thus evolutionary success. The eruption of the supervolcano [[Gimænbayer]] in modern day [[Sauropod Oblast]], [[Kiravia]], is widely agreed by paleontologists to have ended the Triassic period and facilitated the [[Triassic–Jurassic extinction event]] which led to the extinction of most of, if not all, non-therapsid synapsids leading to the rise of the dinosaurs<ref>Paleontologists agree that both groups were already being outcompeted by dinosauromorphs but disagree on the extent.</ref> and ultimately heralded the dislodgement and separation of the continent of [[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]] from Pangaea.<ref>Fürster, Johann: ''Mammalian derivation of the Permian period'', pg. 169-172. 1999.</ref>

===Jurassic (201 to 145 million years ago)===

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 The '''Mesozoic Era of Great Kiravia''' is defined as an era as encompassing the {{wp|Triassic}}, {{wp|Jurassic}} and {{wp|Cretaceous}} {{wp|Period (geology)|Periods}} on the continent of [[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]], lasting from about 252 to 66 million years ago.<ref>All times given by the {{wp|Gregorian calendar}} unless otherwise stated.</ref> Often referred to as the "Age of Reptiles",<ref>A term coined by [[Burgundie|Bergendii]] polymath [[Gideon-Raphael Mantelleaux]] in 1843.</ref> it is characterized by the dominance of {{wp|Archosauria|archosaurian}} reptiles such as the {{wp|Dinosauria|dinosaurs}}, an abundance of gymnosperms (such as ginkgoales, bennettitales) and ferns, a hot greenhouse climate and the tectonic break-up of Pangaea. The period is defined geologically as beginning with the first appearance of the Conodont ''Hindeodus parvus'' and ending with an {{wp|Iridium}} enriched layer associated with a major meteorite impact in modern-day [[Daxia]] and subsequent {{wp|Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event|K-Pg extinction event}}. It is also sometimes referred to as the "Age of Conifers" in Great Kiravia due to the abundance of fossilized material from coniferous trees.<ref>Balboa, Maximus: ''A comprehensive history of paleontology'', pg. 3. 2004.</ref>
-[[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]] is unique in the Mesozoic for being an island continent with only very little outside contact following the Pangea-Kiravia split at the end of the Triassic period.<ref>The exception being marine reptiles and intercontinental ocean-going pterosaurs like ''{{wp|Quetzalcoatlus}}''.</ref> With basal clades of {{wp|Pterosauromorph|pterosauromorphs}}, {{wp|Theropod|theropods}}, {{wp|Sauropodomorph|sauropodomorphs}} and {{wp|Ornithischia|ornithischians}} already inhabiting Great Kiravia at the time of the split however, these were able to evolve and diversify independently of archosauromorphs elsewhere, resulting in numerous examples of {{wp|Convergent evolution|convergent evolution}} with otherwise very distantly related genera but also many examples of {{wp|Island gigantism|island gigantism}}, {{wp|Island dwarfism|island dwarfism}} and notably of [[Hieronymous Bergmann#Bergmann's_rule|Bergmann's rule]].<ref>Bergmann's rule, named for [[Yonderre|Yonderian]] [[Paleontology in Yonderre|paleontologist]] [[Hieronymous Bergmann]], states that populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.</ref> Evolution on the continent of Great Kiravia was heavily influenced by its three distinct biomes; a volcanic nearly arctic climate in the far north, a temperate highly arboreal climate in the south and a major riparian border zone in-between the two characterized by rolling plains and river deltas.<ref>Konsaháken, Vurdhan: ''Paleogeology of Great Kiravia'', [[University of Belarus]], pg. 14-19. 2012.</ref>
+[[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]] is unique in the Mesozoic for being an island continent with only very little outside contact following the Pangaea-Kiravia split at the end of the Triassic period.<ref>The exception being marine reptiles and intercontinental ocean-going pterosaurs like ''{{wp|Quetzalcoatlus}}''.</ref> With basal clades of {{wp|Pterosauromorph|pterosauromorphs}}, {{wp|Theropod|theropods}}, {{wp|Sauropodomorph|sauropodomorphs}} and {{wp|Ornithischia|ornithischians}} already inhabiting Great Kiravia at the time of the split however, these were able to evolve and diversify independently of archosauromorphs elsewhere, resulting in numerous examples of {{wp|Convergent evolution|convergent evolution}} with otherwise very distantly related genera but also many examples of {{wp|Island gigantism|island gigantism}}, {{wp|Island dwarfism|island dwarfism}} and notably of [[Hieronymous Bergmann#Bergmann's_rule|Bergmann's rule]].<ref>Bergmann's rule, named for [[Yonderre|Yonderian]] [[Paleontology in Yonderre|paleontologist]] [[Hieronymous Bergmann]], states that populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.</ref> Evolution on the continent of Great Kiravia was heavily influenced by its three distinct biomes; a volcanic nearly arctic climate in the far north, a temperate highly arboreal climate in the south and a major riparian border zone in-between the two characterized by rolling plains and river deltas.<ref>Konsaháken, Vurdhan: ''Paleogeology of Great Kiravia'', [[University of Belarus]], pg. 14-19. 2012.</ref>
 Despite a relatively limited number of clades of synapsids, dinosauromorphs and pterosauromorphs occupying [[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]] following the [[Triassic–Jurassic extinction event]], the paleobiological diversity of Great Kiravia appears to be only slightly weaker than that of [[Sarpolevantia]] in the advent of the Cretaceous, suggesting a rapid and diverse evolutionary process had taken place during the Jurassic to fill all the niches left open by the T-J event.<ref>Lyukquar, Ansar: ''Kiravia and the Mesozoic'', pg. 67-69. 2015.</ref> At least one clade of small Kiravian theropods appear to have evolved powered flight independently of their [[Sarpolevantia|Sarpolevantine]] counterparts during the late Jurassic period; there is also physical paleontological evidence of feathers in many theropods of various sizes in Great Kiravia, lending further evidence to the theory that feathers are ancestral to {{wp|Archosauria|archosaurian}} reptiles.<ref>Balboa, Maximus: ''A comprehensive history of paleontology'', pg. 104. 2004.</ref> Like the rest of the world, the Cretaceous period ended when the {{wp|Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event|K-Pg extinction event}} occured following a major meteor striking central [[Daxia]], causing the mass extinction of all non-avian dinosaurs and most other tetrapods weighing more than 25 kilograms (55 pounds).
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 ===Triassic (252 to 201 million years ago)===
-The early Triassic period of Great Kiravia is thought to have been largely similar to that in Triassic [[Levantia]] as the two were directly connected. {{wp|Synapsid|Synapsids}} and {{wp|Sauropsida|sauropsids}} would have diversified greatly during this period,<ref>Few species have been excavated from the early Triassic of Kiravia because of a lack of access to appropriate dig sites.</ref> with the synapsid clade known as {{wp|Therapsid|therapsids}} evidently establishing themselves as highly succesful towards the end of the Triassic period. Early dinosauromorphs migrated to Kiravia in the late Triassic and began competing with the therapsids for resources and thus evolutionary success. The eruption of the supervolcano [[Gimænbayer]] in modern day [[Sauropod Oblast]], [[Kiravia]], is widely agreed by paleontologists to have ended the Triassic period and facilitated the [[Triassic–Jurassic extinction event]] which led to the extinction of most of, if not all, non-therapsid synapsids leading to the rise of the dinosaurs<ref>Paleontologists agree that both groups were already being outcompeted by dinosauromorphs but disagree on the extent.</ref> and ultimately heralded the dislodgement and separation of the continent of [[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]] from Pangea.<ref>Fürster, Johann: ''Mammalian derivation of the Permian period'', pg. 169-172. 1999.</ref>
+The early Triassic period of Great Kiravia is thought to have been largely similar to that in Triassic [[Levantia]] as the two were directly connected. {{wp|Synapsid|Synapsids}} and {{wp|Sauropsida|sauropsids}} would have diversified greatly during this period,<ref>Few species have been excavated from the early Triassic of Kiravia because of a lack of access to appropriate dig sites.</ref> with the synapsid clade known as {{wp|Therapsid|therapsids}} evidently establishing themselves as highly succesful towards the end of the Triassic period. Early dinosauromorphs migrated to Kiravia in the late Triassic and began competing with the therapsids for resources and thus evolutionary success. The eruption of the supervolcano [[Gimænbayer]] in modern day [[Sauropod Oblast]], [[Kiravia]], is widely agreed by paleontologists to have ended the Triassic period and facilitated the [[Triassic–Jurassic extinction event]] which led to the extinction of most of, if not all, non-therapsid synapsids leading to the rise of the dinosaurs<ref>Paleontologists agree that both groups were already being outcompeted by dinosauromorphs but disagree on the extent.</ref> and ultimately heralded the dislodgement and separation of the continent of [[Great Kirav|Great Kiravia]] from Pangaea.<ref>Fürster, Johann: ''Mammalian derivation of the Permian period'', pg. 169-172. 1999.</ref>
 ===Jurassic (201 to 145 million years ago)===

Mesozoic Era of Great Kiravia: Difference between revisions

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