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Papal State: Difference between revisions
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During the period of the [[Great_Levantia#Potentate_–_the_Principate|Great Levantine Potentate]], the office of Pontifex Maximus wielded supreme political and religious authority in the state. As the state transitioned to [[Great_Levantia#Potentate_–_the_Dominate|the Dominate]], the office of Pontifex Maximus was diverged from that of Emperor and became an Imperial appointee, retaining some official standing and religious leadership but losing the position of preeminent political office. In [[314]], the first Christian Emperor, [[Amadeus Agrippa]] permanently gave the office of Pontifex Maximus to the [[Pope|Bishop of Urceopolis]], greatly enhancing the political prestige of the Pope and also giving it nominal responsibilities within the Great Levantine state. The [[Great_Levantia#End_of_the_Empire|collapse of the Empire in 502]] resulted in the Urceopolitan Bishop having not only significant religious authority but also political authority as the primary arbiter of disputes between the statelets and manors in the Urce river valley. The collapse also led to the Pope solidifying control over the parts of [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] immediately surrounding [[St. Peter's Archbasilica]], those parts which were south of the Esquiline River. This control was allegedly confirmed by an act of the [[Duchy of Urceopolis]] in [[520]], though historians - both then and now - have questioned the legitimacy or existence of such an act. In any case, the Pope began to wield significant hard and soft political authority in the 6th century. The Pope would, in time, also come to influence the election of the Duke of Urceopolis by the end of the 8th century. | During the period of the [[Great_Levantia#Potentate_–_the_Principate|Great Levantine Potentate]], the office of Pontifex Maximus wielded supreme political and religious authority in the state. As the state transitioned to [[Great_Levantia#Potentate_–_the_Dominate|the Dominate]], the office of Pontifex Maximus was diverged from that of Emperor and became an Imperial appointee, retaining some official standing and religious leadership but losing the position of preeminent political office. In [[314]], the first Christian Emperor, [[Amadeus Agrippa]] permanently gave the office of Pontifex Maximus to the [[Pope|Bishop of Urceopolis]], greatly enhancing the political prestige of the Pope and also giving it nominal responsibilities within the Great Levantine state. The [[Great_Levantia#End_of_the_Empire|collapse of the Empire in 502]] resulted in the Urceopolitan Bishop having not only significant religious authority but also political authority as the primary arbiter of disputes between the statelets and manors in the Urce river valley. The collapse also led to the Pope solidifying control over the parts of [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] immediately surrounding [[St. Peter's Archbasilica]], those parts which were south of the Esquiline River. This control was allegedly confirmed by an act of the [[Duchy of Urceopolis]] in [[520]], though historians - both then and now - have questioned the legitimacy or existence of such an act. In any case, the Pope began to wield significant hard and soft political authority in the 6th century. The Pope would, in time, also come to influence the election of the Duke of Urceopolis by the end of the 8th century. | ||
The establishment of the [[Holy Levantine Empire|Levantine Empire]] by [[Conchobar I, Emperor of the Levantines|Emperor Conchobar I]] in the 750s and 760s transformed Papal political authority in the span of just a few years. Conchobar consolidated most of [[The Valley (Urcea)|the Urce Valley]] into the [[Archduchy of Urceopolis]]; as part of this, he created the [[Duchy of Transurciana]] out of a large portion of lands east of the Urce and south of the Esquiline River (with the exception of [[Urceopolis_(City)#Kingswood|Kingswood]]. This Duchy, though part of the Archduchy and subordinated to the Archduke of Urceopolis, had the right of final appeal to the Pope. The Duchy became, de facto, part of the Pope's direct domain. This distinction, however, was never formalized into law, leading to centuries of debates between the Pope and the future Urcean Crown about the exact extent of the Pope's earthly political authority. By the 11th century, through both his direct domains, the Duchy, and other areas obtained, the Pope had accrued large amounts of political power and influence within the southern Holy Levantine Empire, rivaled only by the [[Julian dynasty|Julian]] Urceopolis-Harren realm. | The establishment of the [[Holy Levantine Empire|Levantine Empire]] by [[Conchobar I, Emperor of the Levantines|Emperor Conchobar I]] in the 750s and 760s transformed Papal political authority in the span of just a few years. Conchobar consolidated most of [[The Valley (Urcea)|the Urce Valley]] into the [[Archduchy of Urceopolis]]; as part of this, he created the [[Duchy of Transurciana]] out of a large portion of lands east of the Urce and south of the Esquiline River (with the exception of [[Urceopolis_(City)#Kingswood|Kingswood]]). This Duchy, though part of the Archduchy and subordinated to the Archduke of Urceopolis, had the right of final appeal to the Pope. The Duchy became, de facto, part of the Pope's direct domain. This distinction, however, was never formalized into law, leading to centuries of debates between the Pope and the future Urcean Crown about the exact extent of the Pope's earthly political authority. By the 11th century, through both his direct domains, the Duchy, and other areas obtained, the Pope had accrued large amounts of political power and influence within the southern Holy Levantine Empire, rivaled only by the [[Julian dynasty|Julian]] Urceopolis-Harren realm. | ||
The [[Golden Bull of 1098]], which established [[Urcea]] as a polity and the [[Imperial Kingdom of Urcea]] as a legal entity, would change the political dynamic in the area and inaugurate a period of significant Crown-Papal disputes over control of the Urce valley. The conquest of the [[Creagmer republics]] by the Urcean Crown in the 1130s [[History_of_Urcea_(1098-1214)#The_Crown_and_the_Papacy|was a major flashpoint]] which was resolved only by the death of {{wp|Pope Innocent II}} in [[1143]]. The Pope reached the zenith of his authority in the 1140s and 1150s, as the Pope manuevered authority to appoint regents for two Urcean child monarchs; after their deaths, the Pope directly governed most of southern Urcea including the [[Duchy of Harren]] from 1153 to 1156 until King Seán I assumed the throne. The Popes also imposed a toll on all business in the Esquiline River. This posture led to the major confrontation between King Seán I and the Popes of the 12th century: the rise and fall of the Esquiline Commune. These conflicts would lead to the gradual decline of the territorial extent of the Papal State as the Pope's temporal authority began to wane. | The [[Golden Bull of 1098]], which established [[Urcea]] as a polity and the [[Imperial Kingdom of Urcea]] as a legal entity, would change the political dynamic in the area and inaugurate a period of significant Crown-Papal disputes over control of the Urce valley. The conquest of the [[Creagmer republics]] by the Urcean Crown in the 1130s [[History_of_Urcea_(1098-1214)#The_Crown_and_the_Papacy|was a major flashpoint]] which was resolved only by the death of {{wp|Pope Innocent II}} in [[1143]]. The Pope reached the zenith of his authority in the 1140s and 1150s, as the Pope manuevered authority to appoint regents for two Urcean child monarchs; after their deaths, the Pope directly governed most of southern Urcea including the [[Duchy of Harren]] from 1153 to 1156 until King Seán I assumed the throne. The Popes also imposed a toll on all business in the Esquiline River. This posture led to the major confrontation between King Seán I and the Popes of the 12th century: the rise and fall of the Esquiline Commune. These conflicts would lead to the gradual decline of the territorial extent of the Papal State as the Pope's temporal authority began to wane. | ||