North Songun civilization
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| Alternative names | Songunese civilization |
|---|---|
| Geographical range | Northern coast of the Songun Sea, south of modern Varshan |
| Period | Medieval Crona |
| Dates | c. 500 BC – c. 1500 AD |
| Followed by | Varshan |
The North Songun civilization was a Cronan civilization established in classic antiquity existing through the Occidental Renaissance, whose primary achievements and existed occurred during the Occidental medieval period. The civilization, the richest and most advanced in Crona of its contemporaries, flourished on the north shore of the Songun Sea, from which it derives its name.
The cities of the North Songun were noted for their urban planning, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Their economies were comparable to Occidental contemporaries, and the wealth of these civilizations allowed for a flourishing of art and literature. The North Songun civilization was the first in Crona to establish a lasting literary tradition, and its written histories provide most major insights to scholars regarding the history of pre-Asterian Crona.
For the latter part of its history, the states of the North Songun existed alongside, and then in opposition to, Varshan. The Anzo-based state emerged in the shadow of the North Songun before eventually overtaking it. Political instability in the North Songun began after the arrival of the Occident, a process which greatly weakened the states of the North Songun. Their wealth and relative weakness exposed them to the Hunts, an annual Varshani raid that began in the 15th century and lasted through the 18th century. The constant military pressure from Varshan, fragile political systems, and weakening economy led to the total collapse of all North Songun states by 1500 AD.
Today, Arcerion, Kelekona, Telonaticolan, Titechaxha, and Malentina occupy the majority of lands traditionally included within the extent of the North Songun civilization, and to a degree the people of the latter four countries are the descendants of the North Songun people.
Etymology
The term "North Songun civilization" is a geographically-oriented one coined by Occidental scholars in the late 19th century. The term encompasses a large number of peoples and cities who shared a related cultural-civilizational foundation, and accordingly the use of a single, non-exonym term has proven problematic. The term Semanau has been proposed, meaning "world" or "whole world" in pre-modern Kelekonan, but the term has several cultural implications not present in the ancient literature. The Varshani term for the region, "zetu'latan", directly translated sometimes as "golden lands", has also been proposed but has been rejected by scholars due to the harmful historic relationship between Varshan and the region as well as the difficulty in getting a direct meaning-for-meaning translation from Hieratic Varshani. Scholars and cultural observers are generally dissatisfied with the "North Songun civilization" terminology, both due to linguistic "clunkiness" as well as its status as an exonym, but accordingly have been unable to agree on consensus replacement terminology.
Extent
The actual extent of the North Songun civilization is traditionally measured by the cities and polities that comprised it, but has also been measured by the cultural footprint which has been traced far beyond its borders; the latter area includes most of Crona. The core area of the North Songun civilization, as the name implies, sat on the northern coast of the Songun Sea; its most populous areas were largely in Kelekona and northwestern Arcerion, but from there it included all of modern Titechaxha, the easternmost parts of Varshan (largely coinciding with the Kiravian occupation zone), southern Telonaticolan, and Malentina. Definitionally, what distinguishes an area as "North Songun" has been determined by the use of their shared urban planning techniques, religious beliefs, and other signifiers agreed upon by scholars; those cultures and peoples within the civilization are not necessarily ethnically related, and scholars are careful to note that the North Songun heritage does not belong strictly to one ethnicity or national group.
Beyond the shared area, the North Songun culture had a very large cultural influence area. Coins from North Songun cities have been found in large quantities as far north as Quetzenkel and as far south as Ceylonia, implying the North Songun had a very large economic footprint and served as a central economic axis facilitating north-south trade. Scholars have found evidence that the indigenous religions of these areas, possibly including Arzalism, were significantly influenced by North Songun religion and philosophy, though in Arzalism's case these claims are extremely controversial.
History
Predecessors
Mature Period
Intermediate Period
High Period
Rotten Period
Huntocracy and End
Religion
Achievements
Architecture and the arts
Written histories
Medicine
Wealth
Cultural aftermath
Post-Songun civilization
The term "post-Songun civilization" has been used by some cultural scholars to refer collectively to the culture of middle Crona - especially modern Kelekona, Telonaticolan, and Titechaxha. All three states claim a cultural heritage from the North Songun civilization, but the post-medieval heavy influence of Varshan and the Occident transformed the culture of these peoples to a distinct heritage from their ancestors.