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People's Republic of Carna Fowksrepublic o Carna (Carnish) Sluagh-Phoblachd na h-Càrna (Carnish Gaelic) Folkerepublikken Karnland (Eriskayer) | |
|---|---|
Motto: "Wirkers o the warld, unite!" (Carnish) "Luchd-obrach an t-saoghail, aonachadh!" (Carnish Gaelic) "Arbeidere i alle land, foren dere!" (Eriskayer) | |
 Location of Carna (dark green) in eastern Levantia (gray) | |
| Capital and largest city | Dunaird |
| Official languages | Carnish Carnish Gaelic Eriskayer |
| Ethnic groups | |
| Religion |
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| Demonym(s) | Carnish |
| Government | Unitary Marxist–Livasist one-party socialist republic |
| Robert Meighan | |
| Sarah Wylie | |
| Brodie MacDowall | |
| Caitrìona Aileanach | |
| Legislature | Forgaitherin |
| Formation | |
| 995 | |
| 26 June 1915 | |
| 3 February 1916 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,665,077 km2 (642,890 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 187,591,223 |
• Density | [convert: invalid number] |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | $6,640,916,885,423 |
• Per capita | $35,401 |
| Gini | 21.2 low |
| HDI |  0.924very high |
| Currency | Carnish Siller (CSR) |
| Time zone | UTC-1 |
| Driving side | right |
| Internet TLD | .ca |
Carna, officially the People's Republic of Carna, is a country in eastern Levantia. It shares land borders with Burgundie, Rhotia, Lapody, and Fiannria. It covers an area of XXX square kilometres (396,490 sq mi) which includes the island of Ardran, the islands of New Ardmore, and the Eriskay Islands. The country has a population of almost 188 million, the vast majority of which is situated within the country's coastal regions and central belt. The national capital is Dunaird, the country's largest city and main cultural and economic centre. Other major cities include Malkirk, Inverleith, Dalfearn, Kinlaig, Craigshiel, Largmore, and Colgar.
By 300 CE, the Germanic Ænglish people had migrated into the central areas of modern Carna, establishing permanent settlements in the region. The south and southwestern coastal areas and the mountainous northern areas of Carna remained under the rule of the native Gaelic people up until the collapse of Great Levantia in 500 CE. This saw the Ængles conquer much of Carna, developing a distinct Ænglo-Gaelic culture that laid the foundation of the Carnish language. Following the dissolution of the Western Kingdom of the Levantines in 978, the Kingdom of Carna was founded in 995, beginning more than a millennia of independent Carnish rule. With the advent of the Age of Discovery, Carna entered the global stage and established itself as a strong naval power, building a colonial empire with the establishment of the colony of Arcerion in southern Crona. Calls for reform in the late 18th century would see the Carnish monarchy relinquish significant power to an elected parliament. Carna would briefly enter the First Great War in 1938, assisting its colonial dependency of Arcerion in its border war with Paulastra. The development and spread of Marxist–Livasist thought combined with dissatisfaction with working and living conditions and civil and political discontent would culminate in the Carnish Revolution of 1912 which saw the Carnish monarchy deposed and the outbreak of the Carnish Civil War. The civil war would come to an end in 1915 with the surrender of the last monarchist forces and the subsequent establishment of the People's Republic of Carna — the world's first Marxist-Livasist state.
Since the establishment of the People's Republic in 1915, Carna has been governed as a unitary socialist state under the Communist Party of Carna (CPC). Although political organisation are not explicitly outlawed, the CPC is enshrined in the Carnish Constituion as the nation's only legitimate political party and as the only political party legally permitted to hold effective power, with only political organisations affiliated with or endorsed by the CPC permitted to contest elections, making Carna a de facto one-party state. Following the establishment of the People's Republic, Carna established the Communist International, which it continues to head to this day as the global leader of the Marxist–Livasist socialist movement.
Carna is a highly developed nation, with an advanced high-income economy. It has very high standards of living, quality of life, education, health care, and is categorised as "very high" in the Human Development Index, with it offering expansive social security, a universal healthcare system free at the point of use, strong environmental protections, a tution-free education at all levels, and more. However, due to its de facto status as a one-party state, its lack of political representation, and its repression of dissenting political movements, the country ranks poorly in the Democracy Index. The CPC have, however, contested Carna's Democracy Index ranking, calling the index a "biased and untruthful record that does not recognise forms of democracy outside of those of the liberal strain and that seeks to push an anti-Carnish and anti-socialist agenda."
Known for its long and rich cultural history, Carna has many World Heritage Sites and is among the top tourism destinations in Levantia. The country's national anthem, "Auld Lang Syne", has become an internationally recognised anthem which is sung around the world on New Year's Eve to mark the beginning of a new year.
Etymology
The name Carna comes from Carni, the Latin name for the Celtic peoples that inhabited the westernmost regions of Great Levantia. The name of the Carni is derived from the Carnish Gaelic word càrn, which is the root of the Carnish and Ænglish word "cairn". It is widely believed that the Latin name Carni was given to the westernmost Celts of Great Levantia due to the region's high density of cairns, with more ancient cairns being found in Carna than anywhere else in the world. The modern Carnish Gaelic name for the country, Càrna, stems from this theory, literally meaning "Cairn land" or "Land of cairns".
History
Prehistory
Excavations throughout Carna revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Middle Palaeolithic period some 200,000 years ago, while modern humans first arrived in Carna, from the southeast on foot, about 35,000 years ago. The best known artefacts of these prehistoric human settlements are the famous paintings in the Creagan Dubha cave in northern Carna, which were created from 32,600 to 13,500 BCE. Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that Carna acted as one of several major refugia from which northern Levantia was repopulated following the end of the last ice age.
By about 3,000 BCE, the population of Carna is believed to have been primarily made up of the ancestors of the Gaelic Celts. When exactly the Celts first arrived in Carna has been debated for close to a century, with the migrations of the Celts being one of the more enduring themes of archaeological and linguistic studies. The current prevailing theory is that the ancestors of the Gaels, forced to expand out of their homeland in northern Levantia due to famine and conflict with the ancestors of the Pretannic Celts, arrived in the highlands of northern Carna sometime between 4,000 and 3,600 BCE and expanded southward to populate the central belt, lowlands, and the islands of Carna over the following centuries.
Great Levantine Carna
Levantine Empire and the Western Levantine Kingdom
Kingdom of Carna
Carnish Colonial Empire
Revolution and civil war
Post-revolution and Communist party rule
Geography
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The Krtìn Resevoir, the largest manmade lake in the world. -
Much of Carna is covered by the Eastern Levantine Plain. -
The Sopron range dominates the country's west. -
The Ural River, which splits the nation.
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Situated at the eastern end of Levantia, Carna is located on the Orenstian Peninsula and the Eastern Levantine Plain. The country totals 1,665,077 kilometres squared. It is largely dominated by a flat, temperate plain which stretches the entire height of the nation. The most common division of the country is across the Ural River. The Ural flows through the centre of Carna, with almost the entirety of the nation laying in its drainage basin. Western Carna is largely dominated by the Sopron Range, a primarily hilly region varied by low mountains. The nation's highest point is contained within, at 912m above sea level. A variety of rivers also originate from the area. These rivers comprise the largest natural features in the southern provinces.
Carna is situated in the south of the temperate climate zone, with the east of the country in the transition area between maritime and tropical climates. It has four seasons of approximately equal length. Average temperatures in the north ranges from 16.1°C in July to -6°C in February, while temperatures along the southern coast of the nation range from 21.9°C in July to 1°C in February. Snow covers some of Carna from mid-December to early March.
Politics and government
Administrative divisions
Carna is subdivided into eight provinces. The nation is also often divided into three regions: West, East, and North; but these regions are purely geographical and are not political divisions. Provinces are further divided into sybid and communes. Sybid have local councils but are components of urban areas and are grouped under a city council or similar urban administration. In contrast, communes are considered rural areas with a greater deal of autonomy for the administration of infrastructure and bylaws. Sybid are generally larger than communes and are frequently redrawn. Communes are generally smaller but cannot be redrawn as often. Lake Mavi and the Dyopaz Bay do not fall under the direct jurisdiction of any one province, though the islands of Narasseta and Alian, along with the Tutera Peninsula, do. Lake Mavi and the Dyopaz Bay are administered directly by the Directory of Domestic Affairs.
Law
Valcenia's current legal system was founded in 1953 after the establishment of the Valcenian Confederation following the Great War. However, it was based off and is essentially a partially modified version of the Kingdom of Iulia's legal system which had been in use since its foundation as an independent state in 1916.
Valcenia's legal system is based on its codified criminal code. As such, the decisions of appellate courts do not directly alter the criminal code, though landmark cases have been known to lead to amendments in the code following major legal decisions. The code itself has been altered and revised many times since its inception. Naturally, a great deal of the national legislature's work is devoted to statute which then must be affirmed by the nation's supreme court. Beneath the supreme court are the appellate courts of which there are one per province. Appellate courts are not permanent and are typically formed by senior members of various judiciaries within a state. Only if a criminal appeal makes its way through an appellate court would it be heard by the supreme court. As such, it is very rare that such a thing comes to pass which is why it typically inspires statutory change if such an event does occur. Below the appellate courts are the trial courts of which there are typically one per constituency or city. Trial courts are where most legal proceedings take place including proceedings for both indictable and summary offences.
Law enforcement in Valcenia is primarily the responsibility of local police departments, with provincial police providing broader services. The Constanza Police Department (Departamentul de Poliție Constanza - DPC) is the largest in the country. Agencies such as the Investigation Agency of the Republic (Agenția de Investigare a Republicii - AIR) and the Republic Marshals Service have specialised duties, including protecting civil rights, national security and enforcing Valcenian courts' rulings and national laws.