Rusani Civil War

Rusani Civil War
Fighters aligned with the FDH at a mustering point in Fazil province
Date 15 May 1953 – 2 May 1965 (12 years, 4 months, 2 weeks and 6 days) Location Rusana Result Victory of the NCDP
Belligerents
FDH	NCDP Supported by: Corumm
Commanders and leaders
Javad Spabod Afsar Gorshani Mirza Bakri	Farrukhzad Khosa Bilal Taghi Qiu Heng
Strength
150,000	130,000
Casualties and losses
Military dead: 90,000+	Military dead: 78,000+

The Rusani Civil War was an internal conflict that took place in the Islamic Republic of Rusana from 1953 to 1965 between two armed coalitions vying for control of the country. The Front for the Defense of the Homeland or FDH was a grouping of conservative and islamist forces which included the officer core of the old Ghanim national army and the Jamaat-e-Islami and Party of God political parties which advocated the imposition of Sharia law and islamism. Notably the Sunni Jamaat and the Shia Party of God put aside their sectarian division aside for most of the war. In opposition to the FDH stood the National Congress for the Defense of the People or NCDP composed of military and tribal elites from regions opposed to the centralization efforts of Javad Spabod, the Unity Party and minority ethnic and religious groups wary of the FDH's islamist program.

Background

Unification process

The unification of Rusana in 1947 was achieved after a rapid and disorderly process inspired by the underground Unity Party and led by three separate officer plots from the armies of Ghanim, Lakdu and Barpubad. The overthrow of the monarchies gave way to rule by a military junta who could not agree on the way forward. The failure to replace the monarchist system with a truly democratic and representative democracy allowed resentment and suspicion to begin festering not only between the population and the regions but also inside the allegedly newly united army command. As the most heavily populated area, military officers and functionaries from Ghanim wasted no time trying to monopolize positions in the state and budget allocations, against the spirit of the unification process. Soon the other regions began acting in like manner in order to prevent Ghanim elites from taking over the entire state apparatus.

Fragmentation of the Army

The Rusana Revolutionary Military Command that was supposed to take charge of the nation was a body that quickly became riven with factionalism and regionalism, all worsened by egocentric and paranoid officers like Javad Spabod and Farrukhzad Khosa, who maintained a bitter rivalry for control of the junta. In seeking to gain an edge, these men built networks of patronage and divided the army along regional lines, as it existed before unification. The situation became so tense that General Spabod ordered all units from Lakdu to leave the capital, which led to an armed standoff that was only resolved through the intervention of the capital's chief imam. To bolster their positions, the generals began courting organizations they had previously suppressed or ignored such as various hardline islamist currents, fringe political parties and minority ethnic groups.

Demographic and socioeconomic factors

The FDH drew most of its support from Ghanim, which prior to unification was both the largest and poorest kingdom. The kings of Ghanim had vigorously encouraged the spread of rigid versions of Islam through a system of madrassas. As a result many rural poor were easily swept up by new political parties that pursued islamic government such as Jamaat-e-Islami, a position that General Javad Spabod would lean into in order to broaden his support beyond the army. At Spabod's insistence, many retrograde punishments were instituted such as executions for blasphemy or insulting religion. In an effort to pander to his religious base of support, Spabod and his FDH faction also adopted a discriminatory tone against Rusana's many minority groups such as the Kassar people, ethnic Corummese muslims, Christians and other groups that he tried to marginalize and harass in public discourse.

The NCDP forces for its part were largely drawn from the more diverse and wealthier south of the country. Farrukhzad Khosa soon began to make inroads with communities being targeted by the FDH, promising them weapons if they joined up with his forces. Groups as disparate as the Kassar Front, the Christian Defense Party, the communists and Corummese separatists joined the banner of the NCDP to topple Spabod and his group from power. Neighbouring Corumm, being wary of irredentist claims made by Spabod also began supporting the NCDP with weaponry and ammunition.

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  Flag used by the Front for the Defense of the Homeland(FDH)
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  Flag used by the National Congress for the Defense of the People(NCDP)
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  Flag of Jamaat-e-Islami
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  Flag of the Kassar Front