Science and Technology in Burgundie and Housing in Urcea: Difference between pages

From IxWiki
(Difference between pages)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
mNo edit summary
Tag: 2017 source edit
 
 
Line 1: Line 1:
== Contents ==
{{wip}}


* 1 Infrastructure
'''Housing in Urcea''' is a vital sector in the [[Economy of Urcea|Urcean economy]], with housing development and adjacent activity comprising approximately a tenth of all economic activity as of 2020. Urceans have strong social views on housing and housing strongly relates to Urcea's view of itself and its relationship with both private property and {{wp|Catholic social teaching}}. Since the mid-20th century, [[Disurbanism|disurbanist approaches]] have been popular in [[Urcea]]. Much of Urcea's housing stock was constructed in the form of low density {{wp|suburban}} single family homes following the [[Second Great War]], although since the 1980s the priority has shifted to even lower-density exurban development due to both environmental and social concerns.
** 1.1 Architecture
*** 1.1.1 History of East architecture
*** 1.1.2 Regional Architectural themes
**** 1.1.2.1 Faramount
** 1.2 Mapping
*** 1.2.1 Satellite mapping
*** 1.2.2 GIS mapping
*** 1.2.3 Geological mapping
** 1.3 Energy
*** 1.3.1 Nuclear Power
*** 1.3.2 Geothermal
*** 1.3.3 Tidal/Hydroelectric
*** 1.3.4 Solar
*** 1.3.5 Lignite Coal/Wood
*** 1.3.6 Wind
*** 1.3.7 Oil/Natural Gas
*** 1.3.8 Experimental Fuels
** 1.4 Communications
*** 1.4.1 Telecommunications
*** 1.4.2 Television
*** 1.4.3 Internet
* 2 Institutions
* 3 Discoveries
** 3.1 See Also


= Infrastructure =
In [[Urcea]], housing policy issues are typically regulated by the [[Ministry_of_Administration_of_the_Realm_(Urcea)#Agency_for_Housing_Development|Agency for Housing Development]] outside of cities and the [[Ministry_of_Administration_of_the_Realm_(Urcea)#Agency_for_Urban_Development|Agency for Urban Development]] within cities. The Agency for Urban Development also works closely with the [[Ministry_of_Administration_of_the_Realm_(Urcea)#Agency_for_Royal_Public_Housing_and_Royal_Dormitory_Aid|Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid]] to identify and develop new public housing opportunities.


== Architecture ==
==History and overview==
Architecture of Italy Insulating concrete form
===Enclosure===
{{wp|Enclosure}}, the process by which land held in common is transferred to private ownership (especially within the context of the {{wp|Feudal system}}) took place from approximately the end of the [[Saint's War]] in 1401 to the beginning of the [[Caroline Wars]] in 1740, during which time the vast majority of land held in common was enclosed for ownership. While much of the land was enclosed on behalf of local magnates, a great portion of it - especially following the weakening of the nobility during the [[Great Confessional War]] - was enclosed into relatively small parcels on behalf of the urban [[Social class in Urcea#Privilegiata|privilegiata]]. Unlike many other countries, however, anti-enclosure sentiments gained many successes in the period of the 17th century and onward. Balancing the various [[Social class in Urcea|social classes]] became an increasing concern to the [[Apostolic King of Urcea|Apostolic King]] and [[Government of Urcea|His Governments]] in the wake of the social upheavel of the Great Confessional War and subsequent [[History_of_Urcea_(1575-1798)#Gassavelian_integration_and_uprising|Gassavelian uprising]]. Accordingly, considerable amounts of common land began to be preserved beginning in 1620 onward, though these sentiments slowed rather than halted the process of enclosure. By 1740, further enclosure was prohibited by law, but conflicting and inconsistent land title deeds for enclosed lands existed, inaugurating more than two hundred years of legal disputes until land surveyance and commune reform efforts succeeded in [[Housing_in_Urcea#Proprietor_communes|in the 1950s]].


=== History of East architecture ===
===Attitudes===
===Suburban rise and fall===
===Passage of the Family Living Act===
{{Main|Family Living Act of 2003}}


* Etruscan architecture
==Public housing==
* Ancient Roman architecture
Public housing in [[Urcea]] is generally overseen by the [[Ministry_of_Administration_of_the_Realm_(Urcea)#Agency_for_Royal_Public_Housing_and_Royal_Dormitory_Aid|Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid]] or by provincial and local governments. Since the 1960s, the Agency has had specific policies for public housing, preferring to maintain single or multi-family rent controlled units within the same neighborhood within cities rather than {{wp|tower blocks}}. The general prohibition on tower blocks came about largely as both an ideological one as well as problems encountered in constructing them in the Urceopolis borough of [[Urceopolis_(City)#Campori|Campori]] following the [[Second Great War]]. The Agency is responsible for the general property maintenance of these facilities in conjunction with the occupants in the case of single family houses. Several "legacy" {{wp|tower blocks}} public housing projects exist as well, especially in and around [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]].
* Histansahri and Gassavelian architecture
* Romanesque architecture
* Gothic architecture
* Renaissance architecture
* Baroque architecture post Great Confessional War, mostly the Duchies of Bourgondi and Marialanus, there was never enough money to go full Rocoo
* Neoclassical architecture mid 18th century, less ornate, more accessible, common in many eastern Latin principalities, common style that had more in common with other coastal areas, less in common with "Inner Dericania", not quite Two Derics yet but we are getting there
* Beaux-Arts architecture 1850s-1890s''Burgundie'' united under this style and it was ubiquitous
* Art Nouveau considered the first Burgoignesc style 1890s-1927 (Great War)
* Modern architecture 1930s-early 1950s, war shortages saw an austerity movement that eschewed ornamentation out of necessity
* Kilikas Brutalism post-Great War reactionary style spear headed the voluntary utilitarian movements that followed
* Postmodern architecture 1960s-2010s a counter reaction to the austerity of Modern architecture, more ornamentation but still based in utility
* 21st century architecture:
** Sustainable architecture
** New Urbanism
** New Classical architecture
** Eco-cities


==Private housing==


=== Regional Architectural themes ===
Most [[Urcea|Urceans]] live in a {{wp|single family home}} or low-unit multi-family home according to surveys conducted over the course of the 2010s. Urcean society places a high value on home ownership, and private housing enjoys pride of place among types of housing in Urcea. As part of these efforts, the [[Ministry_of_Administration_of_the_Realm_(Urcea)#Agency_for_Royal_Public_Housing_and_Royal_Dormitory_Aid|Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid]] provides subsidies to lower income families as part of the Royal Dormitory Aid program in order to encourage ownership.


==== Faramount ====
===Urban===
====Single family====
====Multi family and apartments====
===Suburban===
{{wp|Suburban}} development was the primary form of housing development during the 20th century in [[Urcea]] and comprises a large plurality of the nation's housing stock. From the end of the [[Second Great War]] to the end of the century, government policy, economic factors, and social attitudes drove the creation of Urcea's suburbs. By the end of the century, suburban sprawl comprised most of [[The Valley (Urcea)|the Valley]], with relatively close together single family homes extending out from [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] especially. Suburban development in other areas of the country also occurred but to a less sprawling extent given the population and relative population density of the [[Archduchy of Urceopolis]] and its surrounding provinces. Many social commentators by the 1980s had begun to grow concerned regarding suburban sprawl due to environmental concerns (including both waste and pollution) as well as social concerns, as many perceived a kind of isolation and alienation from the extended family and estate [[Culture_of_Urcea#Kinship|kinship groups]] on which Urcean society was traditionally organized. Suburban development began to wane during this time in favor of exurban development, which developed both due to public policy pressures and market forces interested in different models; this shift had the practical effect of causing massive disruption in Urcea's [[Economy_of_Urcea#Construction|construction industry]]. The [[Family Living Act of 2003]] essentially prohibited the construction of new, "core suburbs" and subsequent legislation has created large preservation areas around [[Urcea]] and particularly within [[The Valley (Urcea)|the Valley]]. The preservation areas, which not only preserve existing natural areas but also has properties and homes default to the government for demolition in the event of no property heir or in the event of foreclosure, has had the unintended effect of decreasing the Kingdom's housing stock according to many policy analysts and {{wp|Non-governmental organization|non-governmental organizations}}.


===Exurban===
{{wp|Exurbs|Exurban}} development has comprised the large part of [[Urcea|Urcean]] real estate development since the mid-1980s reflecting increased distances from urban centers as well as changing social views.


Spanish_architecture#The_architecture_of_Al-Andalus coz of the Audonian Nestorians, like arches and stuff
In [[2003]], the [[Concilium Daoni]] led by [[Michael Witte]] enacted the [[Family Living Act of 2003|Family Living Act]] (FLA), which establishes several rules governing the construction of multiple structures on a property by real estate developers intending to sell the land, known as {{wp|Subdivision (land)|subdivisions}}. Among other provisions, the FLA requires that contractors must first offer a condensed area within a development (intended to describe cul de sacs and other insular portions) to bidding by extended family groups before individually selling each house. In effect, this law has had the effect of making many portions of neighborhoods or even entire housing developments being comprised of related individuals. Since a considerable portion of Urcea's single-family housing stock has been constructed since 2003, the policy has had a large impact on Urcean housing and social relations, with many policy analysts calling the project a "major success" in restoring the proximity of extended families. Critics have said that the FLA has had the effect of artificially raising the price of homes and home ownership while suppressing housing stock and discouraging development.


== Mapping ==
====Urban town and country====
The official maps of Burgundie are maintained by the Royal Burgundian Geological Survey and the Oceanographic, Atmospheric, and Cartographic Administration of Burgundie. Support for these maps is also provided by various branches of the Burgundian Security Forces, particularly the Revenue Guard and Defense Intelligence. All map originals are co-located in the Royal Archives and the Citizen's Court Library, and their electronic versions are kept both locally on 4 servers throughout Burgundie as well as on the servers in Argaea.
[[File:GlensFalls.jpeg|thumb|left|200px|Marchts, a small town in [[Hardinán]], exemplifies urban town and country design mostly utilizing older structures instead of new builds.]]
The primary design philosophy of exurban development in [[Urcea]] revolves around the notion of creating "urban town and country" (UTC), a design which has grown in frequency and popularity since the end of the 20th century. Though they existed prior to [[2003]], the [[Family Living Act of 2003]] introduced significant economic incentives for the design and construction of this style of development. Urban town and country design creates areas of moderate density housing, typically one to two blocks of {{wp|5-over-1}}s (or earlier mixed use structures) surrounding a {{wp|village green}}, {{wp|town square}}, or {{wp|roundabout}} park, surrounded by consistent low density housing with secluded cul de sacs and streets with large plots for homes separated by greenspaces and trees. This design is intended to allow individuals who can not own a home - either due to being short term transients to an area, lack of income, or some other reason - to live in rental units in and around the "central square" while simultaneously providing retail spaces - usually small businesses - in the central area. The "downtown area" is usually made up of several small retail outlets with restaurants in freestanding areas with parking, and this area is usually serviced by a [[Rail transportation in Urcea|rail-fed]] warehouse located on the periphery of town. Besides residential areas, churches schools, and libraries, and one to two large parking structures (depending on the size of the area) are intended to be constructed directly adjacent to the central square area for easy access to services by local residents. Since 2018 and 2019, most new UTCs are required to provide electric charging stations both in homes and in the public spaces, and many companies exist to transition existing UTC areas to electric compatibility on a large scale.


=== Satellite mapping ===
Most UTCs have only one or two major roads leading to the town square area, with small limited access urban neighborhood roads radiating outwards. The larger roads are typically multiple lanes in order to allow for commercial traffic to efficiently enter and exit the community. The major roads in UTCs typically lead to other UTCs or to highway access, while most of them also have a degree of access to {{wp|park and ride}}s and mass transit options. These transit options were enhanced with direct government subsidies to local public transit corporations with the Connectivity Act of 2012.
<br />


=== GIS mapping ===
===Proprietor communes===
Redrafting of the geographic information system or GIS mapping in Burgundie occurs every 5 years across The Burgundies. Massive fleets of cartographic aircraft fly over and provide LIDAR, orthographic, oblique, and infrared images. The planes are also equipped with a series of sensors to detect large plumes of chemical, biological, radioactive, nuclear, or explosive materials, used by the Emergency Management Agency of Burgundie for hazard mapping. These maps also include the 20-mile territorial waters and major shipping lanes. The images are taking at 7.5cm and 15cm resolutions which provide the agencies with access to incredibly accurate and high-resolution detailed maps.
Throughout [[Urcea]], small parts of land which escaped {{wp|enclosure}} exist. Efforts were made during the 19th and 20th century to create a stable legal framework for these entities to survive, and accordingly the distinction of a "proprietor commune" or PC exists within law. The creation of PCs was the result of massive land surveyance efforts conducted in the immediate wake of the [[Second Great War]] in the 1940s and 50s, as individuals living on ancestral communal land objected to encroaching real estate developers; the [[Government of Urcea]] issued a large number of charters for these lands in 1954. PCs are governed by the [[Consolidated_Laws_of_HMCM%27s_Kingdom_and_State#List_of_chapters|Alternative Housing Law]]. PCs are lands in which the title is held by a corporation consisting of all of the residents within it, and accordingly all lands under a corporate charter are owned in common. PCs can only be dissolved with a supermajority of members voting in favor. Most charters individually lay out the terms on which individuals and families can build structures within the commune, but most provide for an enforceable prohibition on trespassing, ensuring a kind of private property for homeowners. Charters also give the communes wide latitude to establish standards for structures within the PC while not totally exempting them from local and provincial zoning laws. In effect, PCs function in a similar manner to {{wp|home owners associations}} and collect fees. [[Levantine banking and finance|Banks]] are [[Family_Living_Act_of_2003#Protections_for_Proprietor_Communes|prohibited by law from discriminating against PCs]] and mortgages for individual homes are often assumed by the entire commune, who then levy the costs on the individual home resident.


Every government agency has free unrestricted access to the base layer of the maps maintained by the Oceanographic, Atmospheric, and Cartographic Administration of Burgundie, but creates and utilizes their own GIS layers. Each level of government is allowed to chose the level of "up access" for its provincial and national agencies, but often times information is only shared with agencies during specific joint operations during a response. Any agency may request access to local or provincial layers, with the exception of the Emergency Management Agency of Burgundie, which has defacto access to all layers across The Burgundies.
[[Category: Urcea]]
 
[[Category: Culture of Urcea]]
=== Geological mapping ===
 
 
Sometimes colloquially called the ''Resources Study'', the Royal Burgundian Geological Survey creates the geological survey of The Burgundies every 10 years to produce an accurate series of geological maps and models. These surveys are offset from every other GIS mapping by two years to provide ample time to provide adequate base maps for the survey. Through the usage of walk-over surveys, boreholes, the studying of outcrops and landforms, ground penetrating radar, and the GIS base map, a geological situational picture is created.
 
Few agencies have direct access to the maps and data collected by the Royal Burgundian Geological Survey, but within three years of the completion of the survey a white paper is released with selected highlights and trends and a public map is released. With special dispensation from the Special Subcommittee on National Cartographic Security an agency can gain access to specific data from the survey.
 
== Energy ==
 
 
 
Burgundian Sources of Consumable Energy
 
 Nuclear (45.8%)
 
 Geothermal (16.3%)
 
 Tidal/Hydroelectric (13.5%)
 
 Solar (8.6%)
 
 Lignite Coal/Wood (7.1%)
 
 Wind (4.6%)
 
 Oil/Natural Gas (4.2%)
 
 Experimental Fuels (1.1%)
 
=== Nuclear Power ===
Almost half of the consumable power in Burgundie is created in the countries 7 nuclear power plants. Burgundie Central Nuclear Power Plant (Gen II+) and Aylerham Nuclear Power Station (Gen III) are both located on the island of Burgundie. Levantine Burgundie has 4 nuclear plants, the Gehildr Plant (Gen II)in northern Zelthus, Hinhylde Nuclear Plant (Gen II+) in Solibris, Zelderthorpe Power Station (Gen II) in Meyerby, an Dunleigh Nuclear Power Generating Plant (Gen II) in Westmarch. The 7th nuclear power plant in Burgundie is the brand new AyerSee All Power Plant(Gen IV), a hybrid nuclear, wind and tidal power plant. There are also two archaic and inactive nuclear power plants in Burgundie that were mothballed as part of their decommissioning in 1990s, but can be made operational in 18 months. The Sigjold and Alde plants, both Generation I reactors in DunDrummin, were put into "protective hibernation" was part of the "BurgunFri" environmental movement in the 1980s and 1990s whose goal it was to eliminate Burgundies reliance of foreign oil and fossil fuels in general. They would be converted to molten salt reactors as part of their activation.
 
Nuclear power became prevalent in the 1960s with the construction of the experimental Raimond and Aioflde plants. With their success, another plant was built in Sedane. However, a surveyor was bribed to change the location of the proposed site and it was built on a fault-line. In 1974 a minor earthquake became a major catastrophe as the shifting ground caused the shielding around the reactor to crack and a moderate leak developed. The reactor was shut down and a 150 square kilometer area had to be cordoned off to contain the release of radioactive material. In 2004, O’Shea Container Shipping (transferred to O'Shea Operation Management Services) purchased the land and used it to develop Radioactive Removal Services (RRS) technologies. The accident slowed the pace of the Nuclear power sector in Burgundie for about 10 years. However, during the "BurgunFri" environmental movement it came back and the following plants were built in the 1980s and 1990s:
 
* Burgundie Central Nuclear Power Plant (1987), modernized in 2014
* Hinhylde Nuclear Plant (1990), modernized in 2021
* Dunleigh Nuclear Power Generating Plant (1992)
* Zelderthorpe Power Station (1996)
* Gehildr Plant (1996)
 
The rapid growth of the Vilauristre and Port Diteaux metro areas led to the construction of Aylerham Nuclear Power Station in 2017 when the upgraded Burgundie Central Nuclear Power Plant still couldn't meet the demand. In the summer of 2027, the experimental AyerSee All Power Plant opened to meet the needs of the growing Revenue Guard and Burgundian naval presence on the island. It is a pebble fuel reactor instead of using solid fuel rods, something that was proved incredibly efficient after the modernization of the Hinhylde Nuclear Plant. It was hailed as a great achievement in Burgundian ingenuity. It is hoped that plant will provide enough power for the whole island and that any additional energy can be sold, via an undersea transmission cable, to Midnapore and Pukhtunkwa.
 
=== Geothermal ===
 
=== <span id="Tidal/Hydroelectric"></span>Tidal/Hydroelectric ===
 
=== Solar ===
 
=== <span id="Lignite_Coal/Wood"></span>Lignite Coal/Wood ===
 
=== Wind ===
 
=== <span id="Oil/Natural_Gas"></span>Oil/Natural Gas ===
 
=== Experimental Fuels ===
 
== Communications ==
 
=== Telecommunications ===
Since 2027 all of the Isle of Burgundie, Ultmar, the trade islands, and Wintergen have been upgraded to 5G network. Most of the urban areas in Flordeterra and Burgundian Dericania are also 5G, but the hinterlands remain 4G with some extremely remote areas still operating with 3G. There are five major carriers across The Burgundies, in order of size they are ''Vintage Wireless'', ''Extron Burgundie Mobile'', ''National Wireless Services'', ''Island Mobile'', ''Great Seas BurgunMobile''.
 
Starting in 2015, the government reinvested in copper wire phones lines as part of the ''Redundant Infrastructure for a Stronger Burgundie Act'', a massive critical infrastructure bill that focused on target hardening and community resilience measures. As of 2029, the copper wire aspect of the project is 40% complete with all inhabited properties across Burgundie zoned municipal and commercial connected to the copper network. Residential connections are expected to be completed by 2048. In addition to the connections to existing buildings, the Act stipulates that all new development must include copper wire connections to each building. This coincides with deployment of a nationalized 211 (the Emergency telephone number in Burgundie) network. This allows for any level of government to utilize the reverse-111 system to reach out to their citizens with emergency information. Burgundie also utilizes the N11 code as follows:
 
* 2-1-1: Emergency services (police, fire, ambulance/rescue services)
* 3-1-1: Community services and information
* 4-1-1: Municipal government services, non-emergency number
* 5-1-1: Traffic information or police non-emergency services
* 6-1-1: Directory assistance, Telephone company (telco) customer service, and repair
* 7-1-1: TDD and Relay Services for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
* 8-1-1: Underground public utility location
* 9-1-1: non-emergency Public healthhealth information and services
 
=== Television ===
 
=== Internet ===
 
= Institutions =
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Royal Research Facilities
|
!Location
!Dates Active
!Description
|-
!'''Australis Research Facility'''
!South Pole
!November 1936-present
!Antarctic research facility
|-
!'''Borealis Research Facility'''
!High Artic
!July 1929-present
!Arctic research facility
|-
!'''Novilla Research Complex'''
!Northern Aquilonem Ocean
!2026-present
!150px
Military/Scientific Installation
|}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Academic Societies and Associations
|
!Location
!Dates Active
!Description
|-
!'''Oligarchia_grammaticorum'''
!concieved at the Universitas Magistrorum, Port Diteaux, Burgundie
currently operates all across Ixnay
!1424-present
! The main building of Fine Arts, in the Universitas Magistrorum, proportedly the HQ of the Oligarchia_grammaticorum
|}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Private Sector Research Organizations
|
!Location
!Dates Active
!Description
|-
!'''Waldemar Medical and Academic Area'''
!Vilauristre, Burgundie
!1975-present
! Large area with many hospitals, medical research facilities and academic institutions
|}
 
= Discoveries =
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Notable Scientific and Technological Discoveries or Inventions
|
!Location
!Date
!Description
|-
!'''Clipper Ships'''
!Port Diteaux, Burgundie
!1832
!First constructed by Doppel Gangway
|-
!'''hyperbolic radio navigation'''
!Universitas Magistrorum, Port Diteaux, Burgundie
!1946
!The LORAN tower on Picea in the Levantine Ocean
|-
!'''Automatic identification system'''
!Universitas Magistrorum, Port Diteaux, Burgundie
!1995
!Pictoral demonstration of the AIS relay process
|}
 
== See Also ==
{{Burgundie NavBox}}
 
[[Category:Technology]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:Economy of Burgundie]]
[[Category: 2022 Award winning pages]]

Revision as of 11:25, 13 July 2023

Housing in Urcea is a vital sector in the Urcean economy, with housing development and adjacent activity comprising approximately a tenth of all economic activity as of 2020. Urceans have strong social views on housing and housing strongly relates to Urcea's view of itself and its relationship with both private property and Catholic social teaching. Since the mid-20th century, disurbanist approaches have been popular in Urcea. Much of Urcea's housing stock was constructed in the form of low density suburban single family homes following the Second Great War, although since the 1980s the priority has shifted to even lower-density exurban development due to both environmental and social concerns.

In Urcea, housing policy issues are typically regulated by the Agency for Housing Development outside of cities and the Agency for Urban Development within cities. The Agency for Urban Development also works closely with the Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid to identify and develop new public housing opportunities.

History and overview

Enclosure

Enclosure, the process by which land held in common is transferred to private ownership (especially within the context of the Feudal system) took place from approximately the end of the Saint's War in 1401 to the beginning of the Caroline Wars in 1740, during which time the vast majority of land held in common was enclosed for ownership. While much of the land was enclosed on behalf of local magnates, a great portion of it - especially following the weakening of the nobility during the Great Confessional War - was enclosed into relatively small parcels on behalf of the urban privilegiata. Unlike many other countries, however, anti-enclosure sentiments gained many successes in the period of the 17th century and onward. Balancing the various social classes became an increasing concern to the Apostolic King and His Governments in the wake of the social upheavel of the Great Confessional War and subsequent Gassavelian uprising. Accordingly, considerable amounts of common land began to be preserved beginning in 1620 onward, though these sentiments slowed rather than halted the process of enclosure. By 1740, further enclosure was prohibited by law, but conflicting and inconsistent land title deeds for enclosed lands existed, inaugurating more than two hundred years of legal disputes until land surveyance and commune reform efforts succeeded in in the 1950s.

Attitudes

Suburban rise and fall

Passage of the Family Living Act

Main article: Family Living Act of 2003

Public housing

Public housing in Urcea is generally overseen by the Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid or by provincial and local governments. Since the 1960s, the Agency has had specific policies for public housing, preferring to maintain single or multi-family rent controlled units within the same neighborhood within cities rather than tower blocks. The general prohibition on tower blocks came about largely as both an ideological one as well as problems encountered in constructing them in the Urceopolis borough of Campori following the Second Great War. The Agency is responsible for the general property maintenance of these facilities in conjunction with the occupants in the case of single family houses. Several "legacy" tower blocks public housing projects exist as well, especially in and around Urceopolis.

Private housing

Most Urceans live in a single family home or low-unit multi-family home according to surveys conducted over the course of the 2010s. Urcean society places a high value on home ownership, and private housing enjoys pride of place among types of housing in Urcea. As part of these efforts, the Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid provides subsidies to lower income families as part of the Royal Dormitory Aid program in order to encourage ownership.

Urban

Single family

Multi family and apartments

Suburban

Suburban development was the primary form of housing development during the 20th century in Urcea and comprises a large plurality of the nation's housing stock. From the end of the Second Great War to the end of the century, government policy, economic factors, and social attitudes drove the creation of Urcea's suburbs. By the end of the century, suburban sprawl comprised most of the Valley, with relatively close together single family homes extending out from Urceopolis especially. Suburban development in other areas of the country also occurred but to a less sprawling extent given the population and relative population density of the Archduchy of Urceopolis and its surrounding provinces. Many social commentators by the 1980s had begun to grow concerned regarding suburban sprawl due to environmental concerns (including both waste and pollution) as well as social concerns, as many perceived a kind of isolation and alienation from the extended family and estate kinship groups on which Urcean society was traditionally organized. Suburban development began to wane during this time in favor of exurban development, which developed both due to public policy pressures and market forces interested in different models; this shift had the practical effect of causing massive disruption in Urcea's construction industry. The Family Living Act of 2003 essentially prohibited the construction of new, "core suburbs" and subsequent legislation has created large preservation areas around Urcea and particularly within the Valley. The preservation areas, which not only preserve existing natural areas but also has properties and homes default to the government for demolition in the event of no property heir or in the event of foreclosure, has had the unintended effect of decreasing the Kingdom's housing stock according to many policy analysts and non-governmental organizations.

Exurban

Exurban development has comprised the large part of Urcean real estate development since the mid-1980s reflecting increased distances from urban centers as well as changing social views.

In 2003, the Concilium Daoni led by Michael Witte enacted the Family Living Act (FLA), which establishes several rules governing the construction of multiple structures on a property by real estate developers intending to sell the land, known as subdivisions. Among other provisions, the FLA requires that contractors must first offer a condensed area within a development (intended to describe cul de sacs and other insular portions) to bidding by extended family groups before individually selling each house. In effect, this law has had the effect of making many portions of neighborhoods or even entire housing developments being comprised of related individuals. Since a considerable portion of Urcea's single-family housing stock has been constructed since 2003, the policy has had a large impact on Urcean housing and social relations, with many policy analysts calling the project a "major success" in restoring the proximity of extended families. Critics have said that the FLA has had the effect of artificially raising the price of homes and home ownership while suppressing housing stock and discouraging development.

Urban town and country

Marchts, a small town in Hardinán, exemplifies urban town and country design mostly utilizing older structures instead of new builds.

The primary design philosophy of exurban development in Urcea revolves around the notion of creating "urban town and country" (UTC), a design which has grown in frequency and popularity since the end of the 20th century. Though they existed prior to 2003, the Family Living Act of 2003 introduced significant economic incentives for the design and construction of this style of development. Urban town and country design creates areas of moderate density housing, typically one to two blocks of 5-over-1s (or earlier mixed use structures) surrounding a village green, town square, or roundabout park, surrounded by consistent low density housing with secluded cul de sacs and streets with large plots for homes separated by greenspaces and trees. This design is intended to allow individuals who can not own a home - either due to being short term transients to an area, lack of income, or some other reason - to live in rental units in and around the "central square" while simultaneously providing retail spaces - usually small businesses - in the central area. The "downtown area" is usually made up of several small retail outlets with restaurants in freestanding areas with parking, and this area is usually serviced by a rail-fed warehouse located on the periphery of town. Besides residential areas, churches schools, and libraries, and one to two large parking structures (depending on the size of the area) are intended to be constructed directly adjacent to the central square area for easy access to services by local residents. Since 2018 and 2019, most new UTCs are required to provide electric charging stations both in homes and in the public spaces, and many companies exist to transition existing UTC areas to electric compatibility on a large scale.

Most UTCs have only one or two major roads leading to the town square area, with small limited access urban neighborhood roads radiating outwards. The larger roads are typically multiple lanes in order to allow for commercial traffic to efficiently enter and exit the community. The major roads in UTCs typically lead to other UTCs or to highway access, while most of them also have a degree of access to park and rides and mass transit options. These transit options were enhanced with direct government subsidies to local public transit corporations with the Connectivity Act of 2012.

Proprietor communes

Throughout Urcea, small parts of land which escaped enclosure exist. Efforts were made during the 19th and 20th century to create a stable legal framework for these entities to survive, and accordingly the distinction of a "proprietor commune" or PC exists within law. The creation of PCs was the result of massive land surveyance efforts conducted in the immediate wake of the Second Great War in the 1940s and 50s, as individuals living on ancestral communal land objected to encroaching real estate developers; the Government of Urcea issued a large number of charters for these lands in 1954. PCs are governed by the Alternative Housing Law. PCs are lands in which the title is held by a corporation consisting of all of the residents within it, and accordingly all lands under a corporate charter are owned in common. PCs can only be dissolved with a supermajority of members voting in favor. Most charters individually lay out the terms on which individuals and families can build structures within the commune, but most provide for an enforceable prohibition on trespassing, ensuring a kind of private property for homeowners. Charters also give the communes wide latitude to establish standards for structures within the PC while not totally exempting them from local and provincial zoning laws. In effect, PCs function in a similar manner to home owners associations and collect fees. Banks are prohibited by law from discriminating against PCs and mortgages for individual homes are often assumed by the entire commune, who then levy the costs on the individual home resident.

Retrieved from "https://ixwiki.com/index.php?title=Science_and_Technology_in_Burgundie&oldid=53634"