Kiravian Armed Forces and Housing in Urcea: Difference between pages

From IxWiki
(Difference between pages)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
 
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{wip}}


{{infobox national military
'''Housing in Urcea''' is a vital sector in the [[Economy of Urcea|Urcean economy]], with housing development and adjacent activity comprising approximately a tenth of all economic activity as of 2020. Urceans have strong social views on housing and housing strongly relates to Urcea's view of itself and its relationship with both private property and {{wp|Catholic social teaching}}. Since the mid-20th century, [[Disurbanism|disurbanist approaches]] have been popular in [[Urcea]]. Much of Urcea's housing stock was constructed in the form of low density {{wp|suburban}} single family homes following the [[Second Great War]], although since the 1980s the priority has shifted to even lower-density exurban development due to both environmental and social concerns.
|country            =
|name              = Federal Armed Forces
|native_name        = Rektārkax Hérsan
|image              = [[File:KiravianArmedForces.png|200px]]
|caption            = Emblem of the Kiravian Forces
|image2            =
|caption2          =
|founded            = 1607 AD
|current_form      = 1935 AD
|disbanded          =
|branches          = [[File:Kiravian Army Flag.png|25px]] [[Kiravian Army|Army]]
* Air Corps
* Marine Corps
[[File:Kiravian Navy Jack.PNG|25px]] [[Kiravian Navy|Navy]]<br>[[File:Kiravian Navy Jack.PNG|25px]] [[Kiravian Littoral Force|Maritime Cutter Service]]
|headquarters      = The Citadel, [[Kartika]]
|flying_hours      =
<!-- Leadership -->
|commander-in-chief = [[Adheritus Ilkashvar]]
|commander-in-chief_title= [[Prime Executive of the Kiravian Federacy#Commander-in-chief|Commander-in-chief]]
|minister          = [[Ivor Arolian]]
|minister_title    = Defence Secretary
|commander          = [[Sendar Vódlin]]
|commander_title    = Supreme General
<!-- Manpower -->
|age                = 17-40
|conscription      = [[National Service Suspension Order|Suspended]] since 1988 AD
|manpower_data      =
|manpower_age      =
|available          = 
|available_f        =
|fit                =
|fit_f              =
|reaching          =
|reaching_f        =
|active            = 10,268,359 (8.9‰)
|ranked            =
|reserve            = 5,337,607 (4.65‰)
|deployed          =
<!-- Financial -->
|amount            = [[Taler|₮]]3.497 trillion
|percent_GDP        = 6.68%
<!-- Industrial -->
|domestic_suppliers = [[Kiro-Fiannrian Armenwerke]]<br>[[Vrixtur Aircraft Works]]<br>[[Tredagon Arms Foundry]]<br>Larserion Systems SAK
|foreign_suppliers  = {{flag|Faneria}}<br>{{flag|Fiannria}}<br>{{flag|Urcea}}<br>{{flag|Yonderre}}
|imports            =
|exports            =
<!-- Related aricles -->
|history            =
|ranks              =
}}


The '''Kiravian Armed Forces''' are the military forces of the [[Kiravian Federacy]], comprising the Kiravian Army (which includes the Army Air Corps and Marine Corps), the Kiravian Navy, and the [[Kiravian Littoral Force|Maritime Cutter Service]].
In [[Urcea]], housing policy issues are typically regulated by the [[Ministry_of_Administration_of_the_Realm_(Urcea)#Agency_for_Housing_Development|Agency for Housing Development]] outside of cities and the [[Ministry_of_Administration_of_the_Realm_(Urcea)#Agency_for_Urban_Development|Agency for Urban Development]] within cities. The Agency for Urban Development also works closely with the [[Ministry_of_Administration_of_the_Realm_(Urcea)#Agency_for_Royal_Public_Housing_and_Royal_Dormitory_Aid|Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid]] to identify and develop new public housing opportunities.


==History==
==History and overview==
The Kiravian Armed Forces trace their heritage to the Kiravian Republican Army, formed in XXXXX when the Pan-Republican Kurultai resolved to unite the various militias fighting against the Viceroyalties under a common military command headed by General Vasilius? Serotin. After acheiving victory in the Republican Revolution, the KRA was deactivated and for the first decade of its existence, the Confederate Republics of Kiravia had no standing army, instead relying on voluntary contributions of state troops to Confederal officers commissioned on an ad hoc basis to carry out missions of national importance. The Confederate Republics did, however, establish the Kiravian Republican Navy to protect the island nation and its lines of communication to Koskenkorva, Sydona, Wintergen, and the western coastal settlements.
===Enclosure===
{{wp|Enclosure}}, the process by which land held in common is transferred to private ownership (especially within the context of the {{wp|Feudal system}}) took place from approximately the end of the [[Saint's War]] in 1401 to the beginning of the [[Caroline Wars]] in 1740, during which time the vast majority of land held in common was enclosed for ownership. While much of the land was enclosed on behalf of local magnates, a great portion of it - especially following the weakening of the nobility during the [[Great Confessional War]] - was enclosed into relatively small parcels on behalf of the urban [[Social class in Urcea#Privilegiata|privilegiata]]. Unlike many other countries, however, anti-enclosure sentiments gained many successes in the period of the 17th century and onward. Balancing the various [[Social class in Urcea|social classes]] became an increasing concern to the [[Apostolic King of Urcea|Apostolic King]] and [[Government of Urcea|His Governments]] in the wake of the social upheavel of the Great Confessional War and subsequent [[History_of_Urcea_(1575-1798)#Gassavelian_integration_and_uprising|Gassavelian uprising]]. Accordingly, considerable amounts of common land began to be preserved beginning in 1620 onward, though these sentiments slowed rather than halted the process of enclosure. By 1740, further enclosure was prohibited by law, but conflicting and inconsistent land title deeds for enclosed lands existed, inaugurating more than two hundred years of legal disputes until land surveyance and commune reform efforts succeeded in [[Housing_in_Urcea#Proprietor_communes|in the 1950s]].


The Kiravian Republican Army was revived as a unified force in order to fight the Continental War against the Urom state of Drail and its allies. After the war and the ensuing constitutional reforms that converted the Confederate Republics into the Kiravian Federacy, the KRA was reorganised as the Army of the Federation or Kiravian Federal Army, a standing army permanently under federal command. Over the next centur(y,ies), the Kiravian Army took part in the colonisation of inland Great Kirav, Kironesia, Slakonian, Woolzistan, Avalonica, Castala, and Intida; the Kiro-Fakolan Wars; some other Ixnay thing. Then the Colour Wars. The Kiravian Navy was instrumental in the acquisition of numerous island colonies, numerous trade-related conflicts with Burgundie, and the protection of the emerging thalassocracy’s overseas possessions, sealanes, and trading interests.
===Attitudes===
===Suburban rise and fall===
===Passage of the Family Living Act===
{{Main|Family Living Act of 2003}}


==Organisation==
==Public housing==
===Command Structure===
Public housing in [[Urcea]] is generally overseen by the [[Ministry_of_Administration_of_the_Realm_(Urcea)#Agency_for_Royal_Public_Housing_and_Royal_Dormitory_Aid|Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid]] or by provincial and local governments. Since the 1960s, the Agency has had specific policies for public housing, preferring to maintain single or multi-family rent controlled units within the same neighborhood within cities rather than {{wp|tower blocks}}. The general prohibition on tower blocks came about largely as both an ideological one as well as problems encountered in constructing them in the Urceopolis borough of [[Urceopolis_(City)#Campori|Campori]] following the [[Second Great War]]. The Agency is responsible for the general property maintenance of these facilities in conjunction with the occupants in the case of single family houses. Several "legacy" {{wp|tower blocks}} public housing projects exist as well, especially in and around [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]].
The [[Prime Executive of the Kiravian Federacy]] is the ultimate command authority and commander-in-chief of the Kiravian Forces, as stipulated by the [[Fundamental Statute of the Kiravian Federacy|Fundamental Statute]]. In the modern era, the Prime Executive exercises his command authority in consultation with two overlapping bodies: Kiravian High Command, which comprises the general staff of the Armed Forces; and the Strategon, which comprises the senior members of the High Command as well as the cabinet Executives and agency heads with security portfolios, the Prime Executive himself, and a coordinating advisor known as the Polemarch. Administrative responsibility for the military lies with the Chief Defence Executive, who is a member of the Strategon and supervises the High Command. The Chief Defence Executive can issue binding directives to the military (to produce information, take administrative actions, manage personnel, ''et cetera'') but cannot independently give combat orders. However, under current protocols, the Chief Defence Executive is often responsible for relaying and confirming the Prime Executive's orders to military officers. Orders are typically transmitted from the Prime Executive through the Chief Defence Executive to the relevant member of the High Command, who then passes it down to the relevant regional or functional combatant commander, and so forth down the chain of command to field officers for execution. However, the Prime Executive can (and often does) issue orders directly, and orders can be delivered from the civilian authorities to any level of the military command structure while bypassing superior officers if needed.


Kiravian High Command comprises the Field Marshal of the Kiravian Federacy (the highest ranking officer of the Federal Army), the ''Fararektur'' (the highest-ranking officer of the Navy, best translated as "Governor of the Seas"), the commanders of each of the regional and functional combatant commands, the High General of the Air Force and High General of the Marine Corps, and (notionally) any officers at or above paygrade O-13. Its chairman holds the rank of Supreme General or Supreme Admiral, with the position alternating every three years between the Field Marshal and the ''Fararektur''.
==Private housing==


'''Army regional commands:''' Home Islands Command ([[Arcto-Kiravia]], mid-Odoneru islands]]), Ixnay Command ([[Levantia]], [[Sarpedon]], [[Saxalin Islands|Saxalins]], parts of the Antarctic), Western Command ([[Crona]], [[Polynesia]], Australis, parts of the Antarctic), Eastern Command (Alshar and Punth)
Most [[Urcea|Urceans]] live in a {{wp|single family home}} or low-unit multi-family home according to surveys conducted over the course of the 2010s. Urcean society places a high value on home ownership, and private housing enjoys pride of place among types of housing in Urcea. As part of these efforts, the [[Ministry_of_Administration_of_the_Realm_(Urcea)#Agency_for_Royal_Public_Housing_and_Royal_Dormitory_Aid|Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid]] provides subsidies to lower income families as part of the Royal Dormitory Aid program in order to encourage ownership.


'''Navy regional fleets:''' Kilikas Fleet ([[Kilikas Sea]] and [[Odoneru Ocean]] east of [[Uruvun]]), Western Fleet (Odoneru west of Uruvun, [[Kindreds Sea]]), Polynesian Fleet (Polynesian Sea, Ocean of Cathay east of Corumm, Okatian Sea, Orixtal, Nysdra), Pelian Fleet (Absurian Ocean, Cathay south and west of Corumm), Istroyan Fleet (Levantine Ocean, Seas of Istroya and Canete)
===Urban===
====Single family====
====Multi family and apartments====
===Suburban===
{{wp|Suburban}} development was the primary form of housing development during the 20th century in [[Urcea]] and comprises a large plurality of the nation's housing stock. From the end of the [[Second Great War]] to the end of the century, government policy, economic factors, and social attitudes drove the creation of Urcea's suburbs. By the end of the century, suburban sprawl comprised most of [[The Valley (Urcea)|the Valley]], with relatively close together single family homes extending out from [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] especially. Suburban development in other areas of the country also occurred but to a less sprawling extent given the population and relative population density of the [[Archduchy of Urceopolis]] and its surrounding provinces. Many social commentators by the 1980s had begun to grow concerned regarding suburban sprawl due to environmental concerns (including both waste and pollution) as well as social concerns, as many perceived a kind of isolation and alienation from the extended family and estate [[Culture_of_Urcea#Kinship|kinship groups]] on which Urcean society was traditionally organized. Suburban development began to wane during this time in favor of exurban development, which developed both due to public policy pressures and market forces interested in different models; this shift had the practical effect of causing massive disruption in Urcea's [[Economy_of_Urcea#Construction|construction industry]]. The [[Family Living Act of 2003]] essentially prohibited the construction of new, "core suburbs" and subsequent legislation has created large preservation areas around [[Urcea]] and particularly within [[The Valley (Urcea)|the Valley]]. The preservation areas, which not only preserve existing natural areas but also has properties and homes default to the government for demolition in the event of no property heir or in the event of foreclosure, has had the unintended effect of decreasing the Kingdom's housing stock according to many policy analysts and {{wp|Non-governmental organization|non-governmental organizations}}.


===Exurban===
{{wp|Exurbs|Exurban}} development has comprised the large part of [[Urcea|Urcean]] real estate development since the mid-1980s reflecting increased distances from urban centers as well as changing social views.


==Service Branches==
In [[2003]], the [[Concilium Daoni]] led by [[Michael Witte]] enacted the [[Family Living Act of 2003|Family Living Act]] (FLA), which establishes several rules governing the construction of multiple structures on a property by real estate developers intending to sell the land, known as {{wp|Subdivision (land)|subdivisions}}. Among other provisions, the FLA requires that contractors must first offer a condensed area within a development (intended to describe cul de sacs and other insular portions) to bidding by extended family groups before individually selling each house. In effect, this law has had the effect of making many portions of neighborhoods or even entire housing developments being comprised of related individuals. Since a considerable portion of Urcea's single-family housing stock has been constructed since 2003, the policy has had a large impact on Urcean housing and social relations, with many policy analysts calling the project a "major success" in restoring the proximity of extended families. Critics have said that the FLA has had the effect of artificially raising the price of homes and home ownership while suppressing housing stock and discouraging development.
There are three primary branches of the Kiravian Armed Forces: The Federal Army, Federal Navy, and Cutter Service. The Army Aircorps is responsible for military aviation and remains organisationally integrated with the Federal Army, as does the Marine Corps.
===Federal Army===
[[File:Lithuanian jagers during exercrise.jpg|thumb|Kiravian Army Rangers]]
The largest of the Kiravian armed forces in terms of personnel and expenditure, the Federal Army operates the Federacy's capabilities for ground, air, and amphibious warfare, as well as most of the Federacy's strategic arsenal, including nuclear and conventional missiles, cyber-warfare, and electronic warfare. As vast ocean distances have protected the [[Great Kirav|Kiravian island continent]] from most serious threats of invasion for most of history, the Army's role has mainly been expeditionary since the end of the [[Continental War]], with state and territorial forces shouldering much of the burden of suppressing domestic insurrections and securing the homeland. The Army ...large scale expeditionary operations during the Great Oceanic Wars and the Tropical Sea War. Under Kirosocialism, the Army was recast in a more strictly defencive role, undertaking a considerable buildup in manpower and weaponry in order to deter foreign aggression against the Federacy's major land masses. In the post-Kirosocialist era, the Army has seen a few major overseas deployments, including the Echo Islands Wars and the Puritan Cross Intervention, but has increasingly seen its overseas activity limited to brief special forces, aerial, and amphibious operations in support of Kiravian foreign policy and the [[KATI]] alliance.  


In contemporary times, the Regular Army operates mainly as a colonial and expeditionary force. Since the {{H:title|2010s AD|21190s}}, the vast majority of its overseas deployments have been to [[Punth]], where it has been responsible for the defence and expansion of Kiravian colonies and the application of military pressure upon native Punthite states. Although readiness for and deterrence against a conventional ground invasion of Great Kirav is the Army's paramount responsibility, it has come to rely heavily upon and coördinate closely with the various State Defence Forces and the Army Reserve in this area. Meanwhile, increased attention and funding have been given to special operations and rapid-response (the Army Ranger Corps and Army Marine Corps), army aviation, and technological development in C4ISR, cyber-warfare, electronic warfare, and space in order to adapt to the threat environment of the 213th century and anticipate future challenges to Kiravian security.
====Urban town and country====
[[File:GlensFalls.jpeg|thumb|left|200px|Marchts, a small town in [[Hardinán]], exemplifies urban town and country design mostly utilizing older structures instead of new builds.]]
The primary design philosophy of exurban development in [[Urcea]] revolves around the notion of creating "urban town and country" (UTC), a design which has grown in frequency and popularity since the end of the 20th century. Though they existed prior to [[2003]], the [[Family Living Act of 2003]] introduced significant economic incentives for the design and construction of this style of development. Urban town and country design creates areas of moderate density housing, typically one to two blocks of {{wp|5-over-1}}s (or earlier mixed use structures) surrounding a {{wp|village green}}, {{wp|town square}}, or {{wp|roundabout}} park, surrounded by consistent low density housing with secluded cul de sacs and streets with large plots for homes separated by greenspaces and trees. This design is intended to allow individuals who can not own a home - either due to being short term transients to an area, lack of income, or some other reason - to live in rental units in and around the "central square" while simultaneously providing retail spaces - usually small businesses - in the central area. The "downtown area" is usually made up of several small retail outlets with restaurants in freestanding areas with parking, and this area is usually serviced by a [[Rail transportation in Urcea|rail-fed]] warehouse located on the periphery of town. Besides residential areas, churches schools, and libraries, and one to two large parking structures (depending on the size of the area) are intended to be constructed directly adjacent to the central square area for easy access to services by local residents. Since 2018 and 2019, most new UTCs are required to provide electric charging stations both in homes and in the public spaces, and many companies exist to transition existing UTC areas to electric compatibility on a large scale.


====Aircorps====
Most UTCs have only one or two major roads leading to the town square area, with small limited access urban neighborhood roads radiating outwards. The larger roads are typically multiple lanes in order to allow for commercial traffic to efficiently enter and exit the community. The major roads in UTCs typically lead to other UTCs or to highway access, while most of them also have a degree of access to {{wp|park and ride}}s and mass transit options. These transit options were enhanced with direct government subsidies to local public transit corporations with the Connectivity Act of 2012.
The '''Kiravian Army Aircorps''' (''Asûrfestin Kiravix Hérsask'') is the nation's {{wp|air force}}. In the postmodern era, air mobility and aerial superiority are crucial to the Federacy's military strategy. The Aircorps' mission profile includes providing air support (logistical, reconnaisance, and tactical) to the Army's ground operations, patrolling Kiravian airspace, projecting power outward from Kiravian territories into the surrounding seas and nearby continents, and providing the Federacy's capacity for strategic strikes and missile defence.


Keeping with the demands of its mission profile, the Aircorps' inventory of combat aircraft is concentrated heavily in long-range bombers and interceptors.  
===Proprietor communes===
Throughout [[Urcea]], small parts of land which escaped {{wp|enclosure}} exist. Efforts were made during the 19th and 20th century to create a stable legal framework for these entities to survive, and accordingly the distinction of a "proprietor commune" or PC exists within law. The creation of PCs was the result of massive land surveyance efforts conducted in the immediate wake of the [[Second Great War]] in the 1940s and 50s, as individuals living on ancestral communal land objected to encroaching real estate developers; the [[Government of Urcea]] issued a large number of charters for these lands in 1954. PCs are governed by the [[Consolidated_Laws_of_HMCM%27s_Kingdom_and_State#List_of_chapters|Alternative Housing Law]]. PCs are lands in which the title is held by a corporation consisting of all of the residents within it, and accordingly all lands under a corporate charter are owned in common. PCs can only be dissolved with a supermajority of members voting in favor. Most charters individually lay out the terms on which individuals and families can build structures within the commune, but most provide for an enforceable prohibition on trespassing, ensuring a kind of private property for homeowners. Charters also give the communes wide latitude to establish standards for structures within the PC while not totally exempting them from local and provincial zoning laws. In effect, PCs function in a similar manner to {{wp|home owners associations}} and collect fees. [[Levantine banking and finance|Banks]] are [[Family_Living_Act_of_2003#Protections_for_Proprietor_Communes|prohibited by law from discriminating against PCs]] and mortgages for individual homes are often assumed by the entire commune, who then levy the costs on the individual home resident.


====Marine Corps====
[[Category: Urcea]]
The '''Kiravian Army Marine Corps''' (''Festin Kurraxiskya Kiravix Hérsask'') or '''Corps of Currackmen''' is a specialised force within the Kiravian Army that provides ground combat and other services in support of naval operations. The Currackmens' Corps primary role is {{wp|amphibious warfare}}, coastal defence, and missions such as {{wp|maritime boarding operations}} that involve man-to-man combat at sea. Currackmen play an important role in protecting the Federacy's far-flung territorial holdings, manning the majority of garrisons in Kiravia's smaller island colonies. They also provide security at Kiravian naval installations.
[[Category: Culture of Urcea]]
 
The name of the corps, ''Kurraxinya'', comes from the Gaelic ''{{wp|currach}}'', referring to the boats used by Coscivian and Gaelic soldiers to attack coastal objectives during the [[Cromwelute Wars]]. Foreign marines are referred to by the more generic terms ''Farabandurya'' and ''Faravōlōn'' ("sea raiders", "sea troops").
 
===Federal Navy===
The Kiravian Federal Navy is a {{wp|blue-water navy}} tasked with defending Kiravian holdings and interests at sea. The contemporary Navy's primary concerns are defence of the Kiravian overseas colonies; the protection of Ixnayan and interregional sealanes vital to the Federacy's pluricontinental security, energy supply, and commercial navigation; and the projection of military power in support of Kiravian foreign policy. The Federal Navy relies on an extensive network of island bases and cutting-edge naval aviation and naval artillery to maintain a regionwide presence.
 
===Maritime Cutter Service===
The [[Maritime Cutter Service|Cutter Service]] is an agency of the [[Kiravian Maritime Executive|Federal Maritime Executive]] rather than the Federal Defence Executive, it nonetheless remains a component of the Kiravian Forces under the law. The Cutter Service has a diverse mission profile that includes search-and-rescue, immigration/customs, and law enforcement duties in the Federacy's territorial and internal waters, as well as primary garrison responsibility in certain strategic waterways such as the [[Straits of Ilánova]] and the [[Æonara Sound]]. The Cutter Service trains and plans for combat missions as part of the Federacy's contingency plans for an invasion of [[Great Kirav]].
 
===Relationship with Provincial Forces===
[[File:DayTechnologies2017p1-27.jpg|thumb|[[Hiterna]] Mechanised Infantry]]
 
The Fundamental Statute preserves the right of the federated states to maintain armed forces for their own defence by virtue of dual sovereignty. Leave to raise defence forces is also extended to non-state provinces (territories, federal districts, etc.) by legislation. Under the Confederate Republics and early Federacy, voluntary contributions of state forces and militia provided the backbone of Kiravian military manpower. The relationship between provincial and federal forces has evolved over the centuries through legislation, changes in practice, and federal-state compacts. Today, provincial forces form the largest component of the Federacy's military reserves (though a purely federal Army Reserve does exist) and play an integral rôle in its homeland defence planning. They are now closely tied to the federal military through financial, training, and equipment transfer arrangements. Provincial forces are regularly deployed in support of federal operations overseas, and are highly valued for their terrain specialties. For example, if fighting in a subarctic environment, the Federal Army would call upon the state troops of [[Koskenkorva]] or [[Saxalin Islands]] who routinely train in comparable conditions.
 
In core regions of the Federacy, provincial forces normally comprise only ground and air branches. In more remote regions outside the remit of the Maritime Cutter Service, such as [[Sarolasta]], provincial naval forces fulfil a {{wp|coast guard}} role. A few Mainland states - [[Fariva]], [[Kiygrava]], [[Hanoram]], and [[Ventarya]] - maintain small naval auxiliaries.
 
==Equipment==
===Armaments===
====Gats====
*[[RCA-2009]] - Primary infantry rifle
*[[Maktstepân|MDNS «Maktstepân»]] - Secondary infantry rifle
*[[FP-2000]] - Sniper rifle
*[[MAG-17]] - Primary service pistol
 
====Mortars====
*{{wp|120 Krh/40}}
 
====Field Artillery====
*{{wp|155 GH 52 APU}}
 
====Anti-Armour====
*[[MAS-12]] - Guided anti-tank missile
 
====Anti-Aircraft====
*{{wp|Piorun_(missile)|TAF98 «Trakśa»}} - Man-portable air-defense system
*{{wp|RBS 70|ITO05M}} - Man-portable air-defense system
 
====Psychological warfare====
*[[Bagpipes of Doom]]
*{{wp|Ghost of Kyiv|Ghost of Kyriv}}
 
===Ground Vehicles===
*[[Potato IFV]] - Primary {{wp|infantry fighting vehicle}}
*{{wp|K9 Thunder|Utah Jazz}} - Self-propelled howitzer (tracked)
*{{wp|152 mm SpGH DANA|GSW 2433}} - Self-propelled howitzer (wheeled)
*{{wp|Archer Artillery System|System 8}}
*{{wp|K239 Chunmoo|K239 «Asûrsterliń»}} - Multiple rocket launcher
*{{wp|Patria Pasi|Tivômok APC}} - Armoured personnel carrier
*{{wp|THeMIS|Honeybadger MIS}} - Unmanned ground vehicle
*{{wp|UAZ Patriot|ŪSA Patriot}} - Patrol SUV for {{wp|military police|military policing}} and domestic deployments.
 
==Installations==
===Home Islands Command===
*[[Kartika Citadel]], Arthodun, [[District of Coīnvra]]
*[[Katolien Armoury]], Estòvestra, [[Niyaska]]
 
===Western Command===
*Fort Kenmór, [[Atrassica]]
*Fort Mérovin, [[Anaqua Joint Security Area]]
*[[Jeb!ultepec Airport]], [[League-occupied Varshan|LON-occupied Varshan]]
*Camp Federlæn, [[League-occupied Varshan|LON-occupied Varshan]]
 
===Ixnay Command===
*Prehnite Hills Military Reservation, Shulikert Raion, [[Sydona Islands]]
===Eastern Command===
*Rental logistics depots in random shithole countries
 
===Kilikas Fleet===
*Scapa Naval Base, [[Scapa]]
===Western Fleet===
*Nevisar Naval Harbour, [[Ilfenóra]]
===Polynesian Fleet===
*Rubix Bay Naval Base, Levité, [[Sarolasta]]
*[[Joint Naval Station Leighton-Lennox]], [[Sarolasta]]
*Joint Base Abuluoha, Sarao
*[Name Here], [[Seváronsa]]
===Istroyan Fleet===
*Mirśamur Naval Harbour, [[Melian Isles]]
===Pelian Fleet===
*Destransar Naval Harbour, [[Sydona Isles]]
 
==See Also==
*[[Uniformed Services of the Kiravian Federacy]]
*[[Armed forces of Mid-Atrassic Crona]]
 
[[Category:KRV]]
[[Category:Kiravian government agencies]]
[[Category:Kiravian Federacy]]
[[Category:Kiravian government]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category: 2022 Award winning pages]]

Revision as of 11:25, 13 July 2023

Housing in Urcea is a vital sector in the Urcean economy, with housing development and adjacent activity comprising approximately a tenth of all economic activity as of 2020. Urceans have strong social views on housing and housing strongly relates to Urcea's view of itself and its relationship with both private property and Catholic social teaching. Since the mid-20th century, disurbanist approaches have been popular in Urcea. Much of Urcea's housing stock was constructed in the form of low density suburban single family homes following the Second Great War, although since the 1980s the priority has shifted to even lower-density exurban development due to both environmental and social concerns.

In Urcea, housing policy issues are typically regulated by the Agency for Housing Development outside of cities and the Agency for Urban Development within cities. The Agency for Urban Development also works closely with the Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid to identify and develop new public housing opportunities.

History and overview

Enclosure

Enclosure, the process by which land held in common is transferred to private ownership (especially within the context of the Feudal system) took place from approximately the end of the Saint's War in 1401 to the beginning of the Caroline Wars in 1740, during which time the vast majority of land held in common was enclosed for ownership. While much of the land was enclosed on behalf of local magnates, a great portion of it - especially following the weakening of the nobility during the Great Confessional War - was enclosed into relatively small parcels on behalf of the urban privilegiata. Unlike many other countries, however, anti-enclosure sentiments gained many successes in the period of the 17th century and onward. Balancing the various social classes became an increasing concern to the Apostolic King and His Governments in the wake of the social upheavel of the Great Confessional War and subsequent Gassavelian uprising. Accordingly, considerable amounts of common land began to be preserved beginning in 1620 onward, though these sentiments slowed rather than halted the process of enclosure. By 1740, further enclosure was prohibited by law, but conflicting and inconsistent land title deeds for enclosed lands existed, inaugurating more than two hundred years of legal disputes until land surveyance and commune reform efforts succeeded in in the 1950s.

Attitudes

Suburban rise and fall

Passage of the Family Living Act

Main article: Family Living Act of 2003

Public housing

Public housing in Urcea is generally overseen by the Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid or by provincial and local governments. Since the 1960s, the Agency has had specific policies for public housing, preferring to maintain single or multi-family rent controlled units within the same neighborhood within cities rather than tower blocks. The general prohibition on tower blocks came about largely as both an ideological one as well as problems encountered in constructing them in the Urceopolis borough of Campori following the Second Great War. The Agency is responsible for the general property maintenance of these facilities in conjunction with the occupants in the case of single family houses. Several "legacy" tower blocks public housing projects exist as well, especially in and around Urceopolis.

Private housing

Most Urceans live in a single family home or low-unit multi-family home according to surveys conducted over the course of the 2010s. Urcean society places a high value on home ownership, and private housing enjoys pride of place among types of housing in Urcea. As part of these efforts, the Agency for Royal Public Housing and Royal Dormitory Aid provides subsidies to lower income families as part of the Royal Dormitory Aid program in order to encourage ownership.

Urban

Single family

Multi family and apartments

Suburban

Suburban development was the primary form of housing development during the 20th century in Urcea and comprises a large plurality of the nation's housing stock. From the end of the Second Great War to the end of the century, government policy, economic factors, and social attitudes drove the creation of Urcea's suburbs. By the end of the century, suburban sprawl comprised most of the Valley, with relatively close together single family homes extending out from Urceopolis especially. Suburban development in other areas of the country also occurred but to a less sprawling extent given the population and relative population density of the Archduchy of Urceopolis and its surrounding provinces. Many social commentators by the 1980s had begun to grow concerned regarding suburban sprawl due to environmental concerns (including both waste and pollution) as well as social concerns, as many perceived a kind of isolation and alienation from the extended family and estate kinship groups on which Urcean society was traditionally organized. Suburban development began to wane during this time in favor of exurban development, which developed both due to public policy pressures and market forces interested in different models; this shift had the practical effect of causing massive disruption in Urcea's construction industry. The Family Living Act of 2003 essentially prohibited the construction of new, "core suburbs" and subsequent legislation has created large preservation areas around Urcea and particularly within the Valley. The preservation areas, which not only preserve existing natural areas but also has properties and homes default to the government for demolition in the event of no property heir or in the event of foreclosure, has had the unintended effect of decreasing the Kingdom's housing stock according to many policy analysts and non-governmental organizations.

Exurban

Exurban development has comprised the large part of Urcean real estate development since the mid-1980s reflecting increased distances from urban centers as well as changing social views.

In 2003, the Concilium Daoni led by Michael Witte enacted the Family Living Act (FLA), which establishes several rules governing the construction of multiple structures on a property by real estate developers intending to sell the land, known as subdivisions. Among other provisions, the FLA requires that contractors must first offer a condensed area within a development (intended to describe cul de sacs and other insular portions) to bidding by extended family groups before individually selling each house. In effect, this law has had the effect of making many portions of neighborhoods or even entire housing developments being comprised of related individuals. Since a considerable portion of Urcea's single-family housing stock has been constructed since 2003, the policy has had a large impact on Urcean housing and social relations, with many policy analysts calling the project a "major success" in restoring the proximity of extended families. Critics have said that the FLA has had the effect of artificially raising the price of homes and home ownership while suppressing housing stock and discouraging development.

Urban town and country

Marchts, a small town in Hardinán, exemplifies urban town and country design mostly utilizing older structures instead of new builds.

The primary design philosophy of exurban development in Urcea revolves around the notion of creating "urban town and country" (UTC), a design which has grown in frequency and popularity since the end of the 20th century. Though they existed prior to 2003, the Family Living Act of 2003 introduced significant economic incentives for the design and construction of this style of development. Urban town and country design creates areas of moderate density housing, typically one to two blocks of 5-over-1s (or earlier mixed use structures) surrounding a village green, town square, or roundabout park, surrounded by consistent low density housing with secluded cul de sacs and streets with large plots for homes separated by greenspaces and trees. This design is intended to allow individuals who can not own a home - either due to being short term transients to an area, lack of income, or some other reason - to live in rental units in and around the "central square" while simultaneously providing retail spaces - usually small businesses - in the central area. The "downtown area" is usually made up of several small retail outlets with restaurants in freestanding areas with parking, and this area is usually serviced by a rail-fed warehouse located on the periphery of town. Besides residential areas, churches schools, and libraries, and one to two large parking structures (depending on the size of the area) are intended to be constructed directly adjacent to the central square area for easy access to services by local residents. Since 2018 and 2019, most new UTCs are required to provide electric charging stations both in homes and in the public spaces, and many companies exist to transition existing UTC areas to electric compatibility on a large scale.

Most UTCs have only one or two major roads leading to the town square area, with small limited access urban neighborhood roads radiating outwards. The larger roads are typically multiple lanes in order to allow for commercial traffic to efficiently enter and exit the community. The major roads in UTCs typically lead to other UTCs or to highway access, while most of them also have a degree of access to park and rides and mass transit options. These transit options were enhanced with direct government subsidies to local public transit corporations with the Connectivity Act of 2012.

Proprietor communes

Throughout Urcea, small parts of land which escaped enclosure exist. Efforts were made during the 19th and 20th century to create a stable legal framework for these entities to survive, and accordingly the distinction of a "proprietor commune" or PC exists within law. The creation of PCs was the result of massive land surveyance efforts conducted in the immediate wake of the Second Great War in the 1940s and 50s, as individuals living on ancestral communal land objected to encroaching real estate developers; the Government of Urcea issued a large number of charters for these lands in 1954. PCs are governed by the Alternative Housing Law. PCs are lands in which the title is held by a corporation consisting of all of the residents within it, and accordingly all lands under a corporate charter are owned in common. PCs can only be dissolved with a supermajority of members voting in favor. Most charters individually lay out the terms on which individuals and families can build structures within the commune, but most provide for an enforceable prohibition on trespassing, ensuring a kind of private property for homeowners. Charters also give the communes wide latitude to establish standards for structures within the PC while not totally exempting them from local and provincial zoning laws. In effect, PCs function in a similar manner to home owners associations and collect fees. Banks are prohibited by law from discriminating against PCs and mortgages for individual homes are often assumed by the entire commune, who then levy the costs on the individual home resident.

Retrieved from "https://ixwiki.com/index.php?title=Kiravian_Armed_Forces&oldid=53634"