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| {{WIP}}
| | =={{int:filedesc}}== |
| {{Infobox former country
| | {{Information |
| |native_name = Foedus Adonerii
| | |description={{na|1=ixnay archival}} |
| |conventional_long_name = League of the Adonerii
| | |date=2023-07-18 |
| |common_name = Adonerum
| | |source={{own}} |
| |continent =
| | |author=[[User:Urcea|Urcea]] |
| |region =
| | |permission= |
| |era = <!-- Use: "Napoleonic Wars", "Cold War", etc. -->
| | |other versions= |
| |status = <!-- Status: see Category list on template page -->
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| |status_text = <!-- A free text to describe status at the top of the infobox. Use sparingly. -->
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| |empire = <!-- The empire or country to which the entity was in a state of dependency -->
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| |government_type = {{wp|Monarchy|Kingship}} ({{wp|city-state}}s)
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| <!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates -->
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| <!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration" -->
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| |event_start =
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| |date_start = <!-- Optional: Date of establishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
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| |year_start = 14th Century BC
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| |event_end = Defunct
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| |date_end = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
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| |year_end = 570 BC
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| |year_exile_start = <!-- Year of start of exile (if dealing with exiled government: status="Exile") -->
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| |year_exile_end = <!-- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) -->
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| |event1 = <!-- Optional: other events between "start" and "end" -->
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| |date_event1 =
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| |event2 =
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| |date_event2 =
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| |event3 =
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| |event4 =
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| |date_event4 =
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| |event5 =
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| |date_event5 =
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| |event_pre = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before "event_start" -->
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| |date_pre =
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| |event_post = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place after "event_end" -->
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| |date_post =
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| <!-- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 -->
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| |p1 = <!-- Name of the article for preceding entity, numbered 1-5 -->
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| |flag_p1 = <!-- Default: "Flag of {{{p1}}}.svg" (size 30) -->
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| |image_p1 =
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| |p2 =
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| |p5 =
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| |flag_p5 =
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| |s1 = <!-- Name of the article for succeeding entity, numbered 1-5 -->
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| |flag_s1 = <!-- Default: "Flag of {{{s1}}}.svg" (size 30) -->
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| |image_s1 =
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| |s5 =
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| |flag_s5 =
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| |image_flag = <!-- Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}}.svg -->
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| |flag_alt = <!-- Alt text for flag --> | |
| |image_flag2 = <!-- Second flag -->
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| |flag_alt2 = <!-- Alt text for second flag -->
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| |flag = <!-- Link target under flag image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} -->
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| |flag2 = <!-- Link target under flag2 image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} --> | |
| |flag_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag. Default "Flag" --> | |
| |flag2_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag2. Default "Flag" --> | |
| |image_coat = <!-- Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}.svg -->
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| |coat_size = <!-- Size of coat of arms -->
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| |coat_alt = <!-- Alt text for coat of arms --> | |
| |symbol = <!-- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}} -->
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| |symbol_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under symbol. Default "Coat of arms" -->
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| |image_map = Adonerii settlements 650 bc.png
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| |image_map_alt =
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| |image_map_caption = The extent of the Adonerii League in ca. 750 BC
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| |image_map2 = <!-- If second map is needed; does not appear by default -->
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| |image_map2_alt =
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| |image_map2_caption =
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| |capital = Vetera
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| |capital_exile = <!-- If status="Exile" -->
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| |national_motto =
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| |national_anthem =
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| |common_languages = {{wp|Old Latin|Ancient Latinic}}
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| |religion = {{wp|Mycenaean religion|Old Latinic}}
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| |demonym =
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| |currency =
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| <!-- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies -->
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| |leader1 = <!-- Name of king or president -->
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| |leader2 =
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| |leader3 =
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| |leader4 =
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| |year_leader1 = <!-- Years served -->
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| |year_leader2 =
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| |year_leader3 =
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| |year_leader4 =
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| |title_leader = <!-- Default: "King" for monarchy, otherwise "President" -->
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| |representative1 = <!-- Name of representative of head of state (e.g. colonial governor) -->
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| |representative2 =
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| |representative3 =
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| |representative4 =
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| |year_representative1 = <!-- Years served -->
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| |year_representative2 =
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| |year_representative3 =
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| |year_representative4 =
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| |title_representative = <!-- Default: "Governor" -->
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| |deputy1 = <!-- Name of prime minister -->
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| |deputy2 =
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| |deputy3 =
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| |deputy4 =
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| |year_deputy1 = <!-- Years served -->
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| |year_deputy2 =
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| |year_deputy3 =
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| |year_deputy4 =
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| |title_deputy = <!-- Default: "Prime minister" -->
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| <!-- Legislature -->
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| |legislature = <!-- Name of legislature -->
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| |house1 = <!-- Name of first chamber -->
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| |type_house1 = <!-- Default: "Upper house" -->
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| |house2 = <!-- Name of second chamber -->
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| |type_house2 = <!-- Default: "Lower house" -->
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| <!-- Area and population of a given year -->
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| |stat_year1 = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both -->
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| |stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kílometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
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| |stat_pop1 = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given -->
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| |stat_year2 =
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| |stat_year4 =
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| |stat_year5 =
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| |stat_area5 =
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| |stat_pop5 =
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| |today = {{flagicon image|UrceaRepublic.png|23px}}[[Urcea]]<br>{{flagicon image|HekuFlagNew.png|23px}}[[Caphiria]]<br>{{flag|Cartadania}}<br>{{flag|Burgundie}}
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| |footnote_a = <!-- Accepts wikilinks --> | |
| |footnote_b = <!-- Accepts wikilinks --> | |
| |footnote_h = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
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| |footnotes = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
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| }} | | }} |
| '''Adonerum''' was a {{wp|thalassocracy|thalassocratic}} ancient [[Latinic]] civilization, that originated on [[Urlazio]]. It included the partial coastlines of what is now [[Urcea]], [[Caphiria]], [[Cartadania]], [[Burgundie]], though some later colonies loosely associated with Adonerum would reach to the northern [[Odoneru Ocean]]. The civilization spread out of the [[Latinic]] homeland on Urlazio primarily across the Odoneru Ocean and [[Urlazian Sea]] from the 14th Century BC with the latest colonies being founded in the 700s BC. The Adonerii civilization was a loose {{wp|confederation}} of {{wp|city-state|city-states}} formed as the '''Adonerii League''' primarily for the purpose of common defense and expansion of trade opportunities, with a council of local rulers convening infrequently and irregularly in Vetera to discuss the affairs of the League. The League experienced its peak in the 7th century BC and sharply declined due to the growing influence of periphery cities (particularly [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] and [[Venceia]] but also others, like [[Cana]]) in addition to a series of changing climates and natural disasters on [[Urlazio]], which would destroy many cities like Vetera and render several others crippled as urban population centers dissolved into scattered rural villages. The final dissolution of the league came with the conquest of Urlazio by King Marius Tempestas Natus, after which time the cities of [[Levantia]] formed the new league-state of [[Great Levantia]].
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| Over the course of its long history of colonizing, Adonerum became the primary driver for the spread of [[Latinic]] culture during the [[Latin Heroic Age]], with its colonies forming the early nuclei of cities for civilizations that would later become [[Urcea]],
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| [[Caphiria]], and [[Burgundie]]. It additionally had far reaching consequences as initial settlers spread north and east into [[Levantia]] and west into [[Ixnay]], forming a wide variety of {{wp|Romance cultures}} along the way alongside strains of more pure Latinic cultural heritage in some of these areas. The Latin language and its various regional versions - in addition to {{wp|Romance languages}} it spawned - form the nucleus for language in northern [[Ixnay]] as well as southern [[Levantia]]. Most scholars consider Adonerum the direct forebears of the Latino-Romance civilizations prevalent in the 21st century.
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| ==History== | |
| In around the 19th century BC in [[Urlazio]], new regional tribes such as Adonerii, Pandrian, and the Idauronians began to appear. Although these new tribes shared many similarities with Urlazic-speaking peoples on the adjoining coast of [[Sarpedon]], especially funerary customs, they also exhibited their own innovations. For example, Pandrian culture is identified by their hut-shaped burial urns; urns of the Idauronians are plain and biconical and were buried in a deep shaft. The hut urn was a round or square model of a hut with a peaked roof. The interior is accessed by a door on one of its sides. Cremation was practiced as well as burial. The style was distinctive. The hut urns were miniature versions of the huts in which the population lived, although during this period they also developed the use of stone for temples and other public buildings.
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| By the 16th century BC, however, the Adonerii tribe became the prevalent culture and would spread and dominate the region, laying the foundation for the Adonerii civilization. The civilization of the Adonerii, known as Adonerum, was a thalassocracy spread across the partial coastlines of what is now [[Urcea]], [[Caphiria]] and [[Cartadania]] with minor colonies as far afield as [[Burgundie]]. Adonerum was organized into city-states, with each city-state functioning as a politically independent unit; there is no archaeological evidence proving that the Adonerii viewed themselves as a single nationality. Moreover, the Adonerii were primarily united by the use of the Ancient Latinic language. As Adonerum spread further inland through trade and colonization, Latinic city-states such as the Olvucchorso and Lomincori tribes, the Veteraii people, the Herelaosics, and the Kastiasuns would begin to flourish and eventually compete for territory. Despite their frequent internecine wars, the Latinic city-states maintained close culturo-religious relations throughout their history. These typically manifested in the form of complex festivals with highly specific routines. These elaborate rituals had to be performed with absolute precision and, if any procedural mistakes were made, had to be repeated from the start. During this time, the Adonerii began rapid overseas colonization. The motivations for expansion are varied, but most historians believe that the Adonerii sought less equatorial climates which would allow increased agricultural output which, in turn, would allow for increased population in the core regions of Urlazio. Many scholars also believe the related theory that Urlazio's agricultural output could not keep up with the growing population of Latins, who were overpopulating the island.
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| The first Adonerii colonies outside of Urlazio were erected in around 1500 BC in northern [[Sarpedon]] (modern [[Caphiria]]) across the [[Urlazian Sea]], whose relatively gentle waters allowed easy seafaring to the continent. The earliest Adonerii settlers lived among other {{wp|Italic peoples}} on the extreme coastal littoral of northern Sarpedon, and most scholars believe these people were eventually integrated into the Adonerii colonial society. Archaeology suggests that colonization increased in pace around 1200 BC, with new cities being established all along the shores opposite Urlazio as far west as what is today northeastern [[Cartadania]] and as far east as northeastern [[Thessia]]. During this time, the Adonerii came into more heavy contact with the [[Ancient Istroyan civilization]], adopting many of its cultural and social mores. Many of these Latinic colonies coexisted with Istroyan ones in [[Thessia]] and [[Halfway]]. During this later portion of this period, [[Crotona]] and [[Tromarine]] were also site of Adonerii colonization.
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| Evidence suggests that the first Adonerii forays into [[Levantia]] - traditionally viewed as the "second wave of colonization" - came just after 1000 BC, with it being widely believed that centuries of interaction with the ancient Istroyans had improved the seafaring abilities of the Adonerii, making regular traversals of the [[Sea of Canete]] possible. Early settlement was largely isolated to small colonies being established opposite Crotona on what is today [[Urcea]]'s western shore. Unlike the establishment of their cities in Sarpedon and adjoining the Istroyan world, however, the colonization of Levantia was a very violent process actively opposed by indigenous [[Gaelic people]]s, which slowed the pace of inward expansion. The mostly navigable [[Urce River]] became the primary corridor of the Adonerii into the Levantine interior and also became the center of Latinic peoples in Levantia, with Gaels having significant presence in the interior away from the river even throughout Antiquity. The city of [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] was established relatively far inland at a favorable location and quickly grew as it was one of the few safe and reliable trading hubs in the Levantine interior. The equilibrium of power in Levantia seems to have shifted to the Latinic settlers around 700 BC, as new colonies were established in rapid succession between 700 BC and 500 BC in Levantia while several new ones were also built during that time in Sarpedon.
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| Adonerum would reach its peak around the 9th century BC when a confederation of several Latinic city-states formed the Adonerii League. Although there is no consensus on which cities were in the league, Olvucchorso, Lomincori, Vetera, Urceopolis, Toulonium, Portus, Coria, Arelate, Aarteia, Philaridon, Venceia, and Barduli are generally considered to be part of it. The Adonerii League was created primarily for the common defense against other Latinic tribes and the expansion of trade opportunities. It was governed by a council of local rulers that met infrequently in the city-state of Vetera, which became the de facto capital. The League was an early example of a "world economy"; they were among the greatest traders of their time and owed much of their prosperity to trade. At first, this trade was internalized within the league itself but quickly expanded as trading and colonizing spread across the Occidental world. Because of their expansive network of city-states and colonies, the Adonerii were able to trade a wide variety of things: wood, slaves, glass, dyes, textiles, silver, tin, gold, bronze, wine, and more. The Adonerii established commercial outposts throughout the world, many of which still exist today. As Adonerum's wealth and influence continued to grow over the next several centuries, strategically important city-states began to grow their own influence and become more important than the league itself.
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| The Adonerii League fell into rapid decline in the 7th century BC due to a series of changing climates and natural disasters that destroyed key trading cities and gave rise to other cities that would quickly outgrow the confederacy (particularly Urceopolis and Venceia). The first notable event occurred in 631 when Andromaleos, a submarine volcano in the Urlazian Sea erupted, and a catastrophic volcanic eruption with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6 wiped out several key cities. Ashfall from Andromaleos choked off nearby plant life, causing starvation of the local population. Some sites were abandoned or settlement systems significantly interrupted in the immediate aftermath of the eruption. As the Adonerii were a sea power and depended on ships for their livelihood, the Andromaleos eruption likely caused significant economic hardship to the League. Several other natural disasters occurred over the next century, continuing to negatively impact Adonerum and its ability to recover. By the 600s BC, a series of natural disasters had ruined Vetera and crippled Adonerum which led to a power vacuum, and dozens of smaller tribes like the Agaro, Visustrati, and Camplectați broke out for control over the territory. The changes in climate destabilized the economic and political situation in the Adonerii world abroad, as colonies began to resent obligations for grain levied upon them from their nominal allies Urlazio. It is estimated that more Adonerii Latins lived outside Urlazio than on it by 650, straining relations. Many overseas cities left the league in the 590s BC, and in 570 BC the remaining members of league itself were conquered as Marius Tempestas Natus, who managed to subjugate the entire island and formed a single Kingdom for the first time in its history. After the dissolution of the league the cities of Levantia gradually fell under the sway of [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]], which would come to establish [[Great Levantia]] in time. Two major city-states emerged as successors to Adonerum: Urceopolis in the north would settle in Levantia and [[Venceia]] in the south would settle in Sarpedon, under whose sway [[Caphiria]] would be established.
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| ==Society==
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| ==Culture==
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| [[File:Giave, nuraghe Oes (03).jpg|thumbnail|175px|left|This Arx, found in former Urcean Urlazio, is typical of the structures built in the countryside by the Adonerii.]]
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| The Adonerii are well known for construction of ''Arxi'', a kind of tower-fortress. These structures dot [[Urlazio]] and some remnants can be found in [[Urcea]] and [[Caphiria]] as well, though due to the more heavily populated nature of those countries many were disassembled for their stones. 18th century historians and archaeologists originally believed these to be some kind of religious-burial site as remains were found around most ''Arxi'', but scholars today generally agree that they were for military application, and that they served a function in the Urlazio countryside enforcing a system that could be described as proto-{{wp|Feudalism}}.
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| ===Religion===
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| In archaeological survey of Adonerii cities and settlements, temples and cultic structures are exceedingly common. The Adonerii pantheon already included many divinities that were subsequently encountered in the earliest periods of [[Great Levantia]] before the growth of the [[Religion in Great Levantia|Cult of the Stategod]]. The Adonerii elevated gods related to the sea and rivers into pride of place.
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| ===Burial sites===
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| ==Language==
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| ==Economy==
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| [[Category: Levantia]]
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| [[Category: Urcea]]
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| [[Category: Caphiria]]
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| [[Category: Canonical Article]]
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| [[Category: History of Urcea]]
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| [[Category:IXWB]]
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