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The Fhainnin Civil War was a conflict which took place within Fhainnlannachaeran from 1906-1914 (some sources contest the end year as being as late as 1916 at the beginning of the Eight Years' Terrors, while others include the Terrors as part of the war, placing its end date in 1924). The war started over the issue of granting voting rights to male landowners to elect candidates for their ruling Vicariate along with large-scale anti-monarchy uprisings which had increased in intensity since the 1880s.

Fhainnin Civil War
Part of Great Republican Wave
Republican troops, aided by Coscivian militiamen, repair rails outside of Rihsport to allow the passage of an armored train c. April 1907.
Date	Day, Month, 1906 to Day, Month, 1909
Location	Faneria, Levantia
Caused by	Voting Rights, Legislative Powers, Restriction of Constitutional Government by Rih
Goals	Overthrow of the Fhainnin Monarchy
Methods	Protest (prior to 1906); Violent uprising and Civil War (1906-1909)
Resulted in	Overthrow of the Fhainnin monarchy, establishment of Fhainnin Popular Republic
Parties to the civil conflict
Rih's Faction Republicans (Cananachist) Republicans (Social-Federalist)
Number
est. 2.8 million combatants est. 5.9 million combatants est. 300,000 combatants
Casualties and losses
~350,000 ~460,000 ~135,000
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Part of the series
History of Faneria
Ancient Gallic Wars years Gothic War years
Middle Ages First Rhydwel War years Second Rhydwel War years
1398-1603 Early Fhainnin Dynasties Foundation of Fhainnlannachaeran 1398 Fhainnin Crown War 1398-1401 Red Plains War 1411-1412 Great Basin War 1421-1430 Dunlann War 1458-1470 First Princes' War 1519-1545 Kurikilan Crusade 1544-1548 Second Princes' War 1571-1583 The Quintuple 1579 Dunlann Great Peasant Revolt 1587 Scapan War 1602
1603-1830 Suthar-Màrtainn Dynasty Great Quake of 1664 1664 Tundra Wars 1690-1712 Sutharine Succession Crisis 1712-1717 West Vandarch War 1771-1773 Second Kin War 1784-1793 Third Kin War 1820-1823
1830-1906 Suthar-Màrtainn Dynasty 1830 Fhainnin Constitution 1830 Barra Established 1832 1873 Currency Reformation 1873 Fourth Kin War 1887-1888 Teindun Factory Riots 1888 Constitutional Crisis of 1903 1903
1906-1925 Fhainnin Popular Republic Fhainnin Civil War 1906-1909 Republican Fiscal Reform of 1911 1911 Provisional Republic 1906-1912 Foundation of the Republic of the Fhainn 1922 Death of Callac Cananach 1925
1925-1950 Republic of the Fhainn Great War 1935-1942 Culriochan Continuation War 1942-1946
1950-1990 Republic of the Fhainn Lean Years (Faneria) 1941-1958 Bonn Hotel Bombing 1966 Nordskan Sea Flashes 1983 Vandarch Canal Crisis 1991-92(?)
1990-present Republic of the Fhainn .fh Domain launched 1994 Malokan War 2023-2025
Timeline
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v t e

Causes

Constitutional Crisis

As stated above, the war is primarily considered to have started over the issue of granting voting rights to male landowners to elect candidates for their ruling Vicariate, which was intended to add a popular voice to the appointment of local governors and ensure that local Vicars were relatively sympathetic and knowledgeable about the regions they ruled. In addition, there was an undercurrent of belief that elections for Vicarial candidates would create a republican tradition within the government and lead to further reforms.

The initial issue stemmed from the shift of Fhainnlannachaeran from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy in 1830, when Rih Luthais Suthar-Màrtainn chose to put a clause in the new constitution which would force the Throne to address the issue of allowing the suffrage of landed male voters for Vicarial seats in 1900. In the immediate term, the document allowed local officials to be elected, but Vicars remained an appointed rank rather than elected. In 1900, the reigning Rih Ruaridh Suthar-Màrtainn attempted to ignore the clause entirely, and when clamor for it by the popular movements of the time grew to a fever pitch, he unilaterally amended the constitution to simply remove the provision from the document. This kicked off a major constitutional crisis until he yielded on the issue in the winter of 1905.

However, he did little to initiate the creation of a voting system or registry, and immediately began appointing new, loyal Vicars to those seats which had most fervently clamored for reform. In response, the majority of the remaining Vicars who had pushed the reform through demanded a further concession that their seats in particular be not only exempt from the reform, but that they be tied directly to their bloodlines again to ensure their families did not lose their own seats due to the large wave of anti-monarchy sentiment welling up into the landed middle class by that point.

Republicanism and Socialism, Fourth Kin War and Industrial Reform

In addition, numerous other issues such as the loss of the New Aenglia Vicariate to Fiannria in the Fourth Kin War in 1887, along with a general disinterest by the Throne in regards to regulating business practices or labor safety standards, created a great deal of unrest across large parts of the country, in particular the lower class. These tied in heavily with the exponential growth of populist political movements, namely the Fhainnin New Century Republicans under Callac Cananach, and the smaller but more militant Fhainnin Popular Party, the largest Socialist/Communist party within Fhainnlannachaeran at the time.

At the same time as the Vicariates were demanding alterations to the constitutional reform of 1905, the New Century Republicans and Fhainnin Popular Party jointly began to set up electoral processes independent of the government's auspices, technically committing treason. The justification being that the government refused to actually set up an electoral system, the Republicans additionally formally demanded the creation of a popularly-elected senate with the sovereign power to levy taxes and control spending, which outraged the Royal Court and lead directly to the Throneswatch being ordered to kill Socialist and Republican ringleaders.

1906 Bombing

- king orders ringleaders of populists shot, vicars who wanted further reforms to be tried and likely hung

- royal train bombed on way to inspect navy at Sethsport

Conflict

1906-1908

By December of 1906, numerous elements of the Army had defected from the Royalists, and an attempt to take Teindún by the Throneswatch and loyalist troops was rebuffed by armed veterans and mutineers. The Vicar of Vrael was killed by Royalist toops for treason, but the Vicar of Connsmonann declared open support for the Republicans, followed shortly by the newly elected Vicar of Srathlann, who campaigned as a Republican and barely avoided assassination, which he blamed on the Throneswatch. Further compounding the situation was the new King's refusal to rule; Wynnys-Màrtainn, seeing the situation and perhaps having had republican leanings himself, fled his palace and met with the general of the 6th Army, another Màrtainn descendant named Jonah Lohr-Màrtainn. Lohr-Màrtainn agreed to defect to the National Republicans, bringing most of his army with him and contributing to a significant collapse in Royalist morale as nearly the entire Màrtainn tree was either too distant to clearly distinguish inheritance, dead, or, in the case of its most prominent members, had simply defected to the Republicans out of fear for their lives or actual support.

Despite this, Royalist forces fought against the Republicans, but increasingly lost ground, losing the western Vandarch Basin entirely by mid-March, 1907. The Navy, which had largely sided with the Royalists, was forced to split between defecting to other nations or, more commonly, surrendering themselves. At this point the war was effectively decided barring a major change in the balance of power, but fighting continued in the eastern Basin for well over a year, as well as in the north, where a joint Royalist-Nationalist effort put down a secession attempt by the Vicar of Lyukquar. Rihsport fell to the NRP in May 1907, effectively ending Royalist resistance in western Faneria as the 3rd Veterans Corps rolled those who did not surrender up to New Kurikila, forcing a surrender after a short siege. Immigrant communities and Republican partisans in Srathlann prevented the remaining Royalists from receiving foreign support, and by October, the only considerable Royalist forces remaining were retreating for the Fiannrian border, holding out in the northeastern reaches, or pocketed and slowly being strangled within the Deamhainn mountains.- sides organize

- monarchists and Constitutionalists split Vicarial gov'ts, Republicans overthrow some major cities and begin mass uprisings, socialists try but significantly smaller

Pre-Civil War Fleet (1906):

Battleships: 2 (all Royalist, 1 sunk) Battlecruisers: 6 (4 royalist, 1 sunk, 1 defected) Heavy Cruisers: 34 (19 Royalist, 3 sunk, 2 defected) Light Cruisers: 2 (all royalist, none sunk, 1 defected) Destroyers: 68 (30 Royalist, 12 sunk, 5 defected) Torpedo Boats: 19 (13 Royalist, 8 sunk, 2 defected) Submarines: 4 (3 Royalist, 1 defected) 3 airships (2 royalist, 2 destroyed, 1 defected)

Post-Civil War Fleet (1916): 1 Battleship 4 Battlecruisers 29 Heavy Cruisers 1 Light Cruiser 51 Destroyers 9 Torpedo Boats 3 Submarines 2 airships (both built midwar)

Aftereffects and Resolution