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Joanusaurus: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of large theropod dinosaur}} | {{Short description|Genus of large theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Sarpolevantia}} | ||
{{ | {{Taxobox | ||
| fossil_range = {{wpl|Late Jurassic}} & {{wpl|Early Cretaceous}}, <br/>{{Geological range|150|130}} | | name = ''Joanusaurus'' | ||
| fossil_range = {{wpl|Late Jurassic}} & {{wpl|Early Cretaceous}}, <br/>{{Geological range|150|130}} | |||
| image = Allosaurus SDNHM (1).jpg | | image = Allosaurus SDNHM (1).jpg | ||
| image_caption = Mounted ''J. davignoni'' skeleton cast, [[Collinebourg Natural History Museum]] | | image_caption = Mounted ''J. davignoni'' skeleton cast, [[Collinebourg Natural History Museum]] | ||
| image_upright = 1.15 | | image_upright = 1.15 | ||
| | | regnum = {{wp|Animalia}} | ||
| | | phylum = {{wp|Chordata}} | ||
| | | classis = {{wp|Dinosauria}} | ||
| ordo = {{wp|Theropoda}} | |||
| familia = [[Joanusaurid|Joanusauridae]] | |||
| genus = '''''Joanusaurus''''' | |||
| genus_authority = [[Thibault d'Avignon]], 1878 | |||
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Joanusaurus davignoni''''' | | type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Joanusaurus davignoni''''' | ||
| type_species_authority = [[Thibault d'Avignon]], 1878 | | type_species_authority = [[Thibault d'Avignon]], 1878 | ||
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*{{extinct}}'''''J. angleii''''' <br/><small> [[Jour & Leon]], 1931</small> | *{{extinct}}'''''J. angleii''''' <br/><small> [[Jour & Leon]], 1931</small> | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''''Joanusaurus''''' is a genus of large [[joanusaurid]] theropod dinosaur that lived 150 to 130 million years ago during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous epoch in modern day [[Levantia]] and [[Sarpedon]] on a supercontinent known as [[Sarpolevantia]]. The name "Joanusaurus" means "[[Joanus de Martigueux|Joanus]]' lizard", named in honour of the founder of [[Yonderre]]. The first fossil remains that could definitively be ascribed to this genus were described in 1878 by [[Yonderian people|Yonderian]] paleontologist [[Thibault d'Avignon]]. As one of the first well-known theropod dinosaurs, it has long attracted attention outside of paleontological circles. ''Joanusaurus'' was a large bipedal predator. Its skull was light, robust and equipped with dozens of sharp, serrated teeth. It averaged 10 meters (33 ft) in length, though fragmentary remains suggest it could have reached over 12 m (39 ft). Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, its three-fingered forelimbs were small, and the body was balanced by a long and heavily muscled tail. It is classified as a [[joanusaurid]], a type of carnosaurian theropod dinosaur. The bulk of ''Joanusaurus'' remains have come from Central Levantia's [[Greater Levantine Formation]], with material also known from northern [[Caphiria]]. ''Joanusaurus'' has been the [[List of national symbols#Other national symbols|National Dinosaur of Yonderre]] since 1932. | '''''Joanusaurus''''' is a genus of large [[joanusaurid]] theropod dinosaur that lived 150 to 130 million years ago during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous epoch in modern day [[Levantia]] and [[Sarpedon]] on a supercontinent known as [[Sarpolevantia]]. The name "Joanusaurus" means "[[Joanus de Martigueux|Joanus]]' lizard", named in honour of the founder of [[Yonderre]]. The first fossil remains that could definitively be ascribed to this genus were described in 1878 by [[Yonderian people|Yonderian]] paleontologist [[Thibault d'Avignon]]. As one of the first well-known theropod dinosaurs, it has long attracted attention outside of paleontological circles. ''Joanusaurus'' was a large bipedal predator. Its skull was light, robust and equipped with dozens of sharp, serrated teeth. It averaged 10 meters (33 ft) in length, though fragmentary remains suggest it could have reached over 12 m (39 ft). Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, its three-fingered forelimbs were small, and the body was balanced by a long and heavily muscled tail. It is classified as a [[joanusaurid]], a type of carnosaurian theropod dinosaur. The bulk of ''Joanusaurus'' remains have come from Central Levantia's [[Greater Levantine Formation]], with material also known from northern [[Caphiria]]. ''Joanusaurus'' has been the [[List of national symbols#Other national symbols|National Dinosaur of Yonderre]] since 1932. | ||
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===Early finds in Levantia=== | ===Early finds in Levantia=== | ||
[[File:Greater Levantine Formation Joanusarus.png|thumb|Locations within the [[Greater Levantine Formation]] (yellow) where ''Joanusaurus'' remains have been found, holotype marked with "1"]] | [[File:Greater Levantine Formation Joanusarus.png|thumb|Locations within the [[Greater Levantine Formation]] (yellow) where ''Joanusaurus'' remains have been found, holotype marked with "1"]] | ||
The discovery and early study of ''Joanusaurus'' came in 1878 when a friend of the paleontologist [[Thibault d'Avignon]] bought a petrified bone from a curio shop in [[Koop]], [[Yonderre]]. Bones such as this had long been known to the populace of the industrious [[Vollardic Mountains]] and were known as the bones of ancient giants in local folklore. When examined by d'Avignon he recognized it as the ''radius'' bone of a large theropod and tentatively assigned it to the genus ''[[Vollardisaurus]]''. d'Avignon secured funding for an expedition to the [[Vollardic Mountains]] in August of 1878 where, aided by local silver miners, more remains were uncovered. In September of 1878 d'Avignon's expedition uncovered remains of a ''Joanusaurus'' in a disused silver mine. With about 31% of the skeleton present in the form of fragmentary bones including parts of three vertebrae, a rib fragment, a toe bone, and, most useful for later discussions, a near-complete skull, d'Avignon pronounced this to be a new species entirely and gave these remains the formal name ''Joanusaurus davignoni''. The species name means "Joanus' lizard" and is named in honour of [[Joanus de Martigueux]], founder of [[Yonderre]]. The type name ''davignoni'' is named for d'Avignon himself. | The discovery and early study of ''Joanusaurus'' came in 1878 when a friend of the paleontologist [[Thibault d'Avignon]] bought a petrified bone from a curio shop in [[Koop]], [[Yonderre]]. Bones such as this had long been known to the populace of the industrious [[Vollardic Mountains]] and were known as the bones of ancient giants in local folklore. When examined by d'Avignon he recognized it as the ''radius'' bone of a large theropod and tentatively assigned it to the genus ''[[Vollardisaurus]]''. d'Avignon secured funding for an expedition to the [[Vollardic Mountains]] in August of 1878 where, aided by [[Vollardic silver|local silver miners]], more remains were uncovered. In September of 1878 d'Avignon's expedition uncovered remains of a ''Joanusaurus'' in a disused silver mine. With about 31% of the skeleton present in the form of fragmentary bones including parts of three vertebrae, a rib fragment, a toe bone, and, most useful for later discussions, a near-complete skull, d'Avignon pronounced this to be a new species entirely and gave these remains the formal name ''Joanusaurus davignoni''. The species name means "Joanus' lizard" and is named in honour of [[Joanus de Martigueux]], founder of [[Yonderre]]. The type name ''davignoni'' is named for d'Avignon himself. | ||
Further digs in and around the site of the discovery of the first ''Joanusaurus'' revealed more remains of ''Joanusaurus'' and ''[[Vollardisaurus]]'', as well as remains of the {{wpl|Sauropoda|sauropod}} [[Makrylaimis]] and smaller fossil matter like fossilized plant matter and coprolites. Later digs around the [[Greater Levantine Formation]] uncovered more remains of the ''Joanusaurus'' including the most complete theropod ever uncovered at the time, a ''Joanusaurus'' named GLJN 203 with an approximate 85% completeness. A new subspecies was discovered in 1931 in [[Great Lime Quarry]], [[Anglei]], by [[Jour & Leon]]. Named ''Joanusaurus angleii'', the new subspecies differs from ''J. davignoni'' in several anatomical details, including a jugal or cheekbone with a straight lower margin. | Further digs in and around the site of the discovery of the first ''Joanusaurus'' revealed more remains of ''Joanusaurus'' and ''[[Vollardisaurus]]'', as well as remains of the {{wpl|Sauropoda|sauropod}} [[Makrylaimis]] and smaller fossil matter like fossilized plant matter and coprolites. Later digs around the [[Greater Levantine Formation]] uncovered more remains of the ''Joanusaurus'' including the most complete theropod ever uncovered at the time, a ''Joanusaurus'' named GLJN 203 with an approximate 85% completeness. A new subspecies was discovered in 1931 in [[Great Lime Quarry]], [[Anglei]], by [[Jour & Leon]]. Named ''Joanusaurus angleii'', the new subspecies differs from ''J. davignoni'' in several anatomical details, including a jugal or cheekbone with a straight lower margin. | ||
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===Big Yon=== | ===Big Yon=== | ||
[[File:Big_Al_Allosaurus.jpg|thumb|Big Yon (UJMN 872) on display at the [[Vollardie Paleontological Museum]]]] | [[File:Big_Al_Allosaurus.jpg|thumb|Big Yon (UJMN 872) on display at the [[Vollardie Paleontological Museum]]]] | ||
Big Yon is a 95% complete ''Joanusaurus'' with several interesting pathologies presesnt in the skeleton. Paleontologists were able to piece together a hypothetical life story for Big Yon based on these pathologies that was turned into a 45 minute long television documentary in 2000 by [[Primo Kino]] as the ''Life and Death of Big Yon''. | |||
Big Yon was discovered on accident in 1980 by miners in Marsbury in the northern Ionian Mountains, [[Urcea]]. A joint team of Yonderian and Urcean paleontologists painstakingly uncovered the specimen, named UJMN 872 and quickly nicknamed Big Yon. The specimen measured about 9 meters (about 29 ft) in length and showed remarkable signs of healed or partially healed {{wpl|Paleopathology|injuries}}. Nineteen of its bones were broken or showed signs of infection, which may have contributed to Big Yon's death. Pathologic bones included five ribs, five vertebrae, and four bones of the feet; several damaged bones showed osteomyelitis, a bone infection. A particular problem for the living animal was infection and trauma to the right foot that probably affected movement and may have also predisposed the other foot to injury because of a change in gait. Big Yon had an infection on the first phalanx on the third toe that was afflicted by an involucrum.<ref>Horner et al.: ''The Curious Case of Big Yon the Joanusaurus'', [[University of Collinebourg]]. 1989.</ref> | |||
===Modern finds=== | ===Modern finds=== | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Joanusaurid]] | |||
*[[Paleontology in Yonderre]] | *[[Paleontology in Yonderre]] | ||
*[[History of paleontology]] | *[[History of paleontology]] | ||
==Notes== | |||
[[Category:Paleontology]] | [[Category:Paleontology]] | ||
[[Category:Joansaurid]] | |||
[[Category:Greater Levantine Formation]] | [[Category:Greater Levantine Formation]] | ||
[[Category:Yonderre]] | [[Category:Yonderre]] | ||
[[Category:Canonical Article]] | [[Category:Canonical Article]] | ||
[[Category:IXWB]] | [[Category:IXWB]] | ||