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Kiravia: Difference between revisions
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|area = 6,047,907 km2 (2,335,110 sq mi) | |area = 6,047,907 km2 (2,335,110 sq mi) | ||
|population_estimate = | |population_estimate = | ||
|population_census = | |population_census = 715,647,228 | ||
|GDP_nominal = $ | |GDP_nominal = $36.5 trillion | ||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $ | |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $51,000 | ||
|currency = [[Saar]] | |currency = [[Saar]] | ||
|currency_code = KFS | |currency_code = KFS | ||
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|cctld = [[.kr]] | |cctld = [[.kr]] | ||
|calling_code = +47 | |calling_code = +47 | ||
|patron_saint = Thomas the Apostle | |patron_saint = {{wp|Thomas the Apostle}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
''See also [[ | ''See also [[Prehistory of Great Kirav]], [[Deep History]], and [[Mediæval Kiravia]].'' | ||
By convention, the modern history of Kiravia is held to have begun with the [[Republican Reconstitution]], a period of dynamic political and social change characterised by the replacement of the autocratic {{wt|viceregency|Viceregencies}} with ''vondikéarita'' ("public-republics"), the re-consolidation of the provinces as political units, and the formation of the Kiravian Confederation. | By convention, the modern history of Kiravia is held to have begun with the [[Republican Reconstitution]], a period of dynamic political and social change characterised by the replacement of the autocratic {{wt|viceregency|Viceregencies}} with ''vondikéarita'' ("public-republics"), the re-consolidation of the provinces as political units, and the formation of the Kiravian Confederation. | ||
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The Kiravian Federacy is an {{wp|asymmetric federation}}, composed of units known generically as '''federal subjects''' or '''provinces'''. Provinces belong to several different classes of constitutional status, entailing different degrees and manners of autonomy, and different rights and responsibilities with respect to the federal political process. Provinces that have attained the status of '''statehood''' (''espiārkakor''†) are identified as "guarantors of the constitutional order" by the Fundamental Statute, and have a relationship of {{wp|shared sovereignty}} with the federal government, entailing constitutionally inviolate autonomy of their institutional processes and legislative reservations; as well as the right of the state governments to participate directly in federal decisionmaking through the [[Federal Council]] and other channels. '''Chartered provinces''' or '''entrusted provinces''' are self-governing according to a charter granted by the federal authorities, but lack the autonomy and privileges afforded to states. '''Governorates''' are administered by the federal government and its appointees and have no constitutional right to self-governance on a statutory basis. | The Kiravian Federacy is an {{wp|asymmetric federation}}, composed of units known generically as '''federal subjects''' or '''provinces'''. Provinces belong to several different classes of constitutional status, entailing different degrees and manners of autonomy, and different rights and responsibilities with respect to the federal political process. Provinces that have attained the status of '''statehood''' (''espiārkakor''†) are identified as "guarantors of the constitutional order" by the Fundamental Statute, and have a relationship of {{wp|shared sovereignty}} with the federal government, entailing constitutionally inviolate autonomy of their institutional processes and legislative reservations; as well as the right of the state governments to participate directly in federal decisionmaking through the [[Federal Council]] and other channels. '''Chartered provinces''' or '''entrusted provinces''' are self-governing according to a charter granted by the federal authorities, but lack the autonomy and privileges afforded to states. '''Governorates''' are administered by the federal government and its appointees and have no constitutional right to self-governance on a statutory basis. | ||
Kiravian domestic policy is very decentralised. Responsibility for the {{wp|High and low politics|low politics}} of economic development and regulation, social affairs, public services, law and order, and public works rests primarily with the provincial governments, which in turn delegate many matters down to more local levels of government, such as ''[[Second-level administrative divisions of Kiravia|amtra]]'' or ''[[Second-level administrative divisions of Kiravia|raīon]]'' and municipalities. | Kiravian {{wp|domestic policy}} is very decentralised. Responsibility for the {{wp|High and low politics|low politics}} of economic development and regulation, social affairs, public services, law and order, and public works rests primarily with the provincial governments, which in turn delegate many matters down to more local levels of government, such as cantons<ref>Some larger provinces, such as [[Kaviska]] and [[Hiterna]], include intermediate subdivisions, known generically as ''cantons'' in Ænglish, which are often responsible for culturally sensitive policy areas such as education, historical preservation, and language facilities.</ref>, ''[[Second-level administrative divisions of Kiravia|amtra]]'' or ''[[Second-level administrative divisions of Kiravia|raīon]]'', and municipalities. The federal government is primarily responsible for the {{wp|High and low politics|high politics}} of foreign affairs and national defence, and for regulating relations between and among the provinces. It exerts influence in domestic policy mainly through its authority to regulate inter-provincial commerce, its taxation powers, and its control of spending programmes such as the [[Kiravian Development Executive#Structural Adjustment Funds|Structural Adjustment Funds]], [[Index of Kiravian legislation#Recurring|Triennial Agriculture Acts]], and [[Social Pension System]]. | ||
===Political landscape=== | ===Political landscape=== | ||
===Law=== | ===Law=== | ||
===Public finance=== | |||
''See also: [[Taxation in Kiravia]]'' | |||
===Foreign relations=== | ===Foreign relations=== | ||
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==Society and Culture== | ==Society and Culture== | ||
{{User:Kir/Template}} | {{User:Kir/Template}} | ||
Kiravia has a unique and multifarious society, quite unlike any other in the world and with a great deal of internal diversity. Kiravian culture derives primarily from the ancient heritage of [[Coscivian civilisation|Coscivian culture]], and a supermajority of Kiravians consider themselves to be Coscivians. Kiravian society has been further enriched by the contributions of [[ | Kiravia has a unique and multifarious society, quite unlike any other in the world and with a great deal of internal diversity. Kiravian culture derives primarily from the ancient heritage of [[Coscivian civilisation|Coscivian culture]], and a supermajority of Kiravians consider themselves to be Coscivians. Kiravian society has been further enriched by the contributions of [[Urom|Urom]] and [[Celtic-Kiravians|Celtic]] peoples, as well as by influences brought from further abroad by extensive overseas trading networks. | ||
Due to its long history as an independent civilisation and limited adoption of Occidental norms beyond the pervasive acceptance of Christianity (''see [[Kiravia#Religion|Religion]] below''), Kiravia is generally considered to be outside the scope of the [[Occidental world]]. | Due to its long history as an independent civilisation and limited adoption of Occidental norms beyond the pervasive acceptance of Christianity (''see [[Kiravia#Religion|Religion]] below''), Kiravia is generally considered to be outside the scope of the [[Occidental world]]. | ||
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===Language=== | ===Language=== | ||
[[File:CoscivianLiterature.PNG|thumb]] | [[File:CoscivianLiterature.PNG|thumb]] | ||
Kiravia is a multilingual nation and a global hotspot for linguistic diversity. Challenging terrain in may parts of the country, ''tuva'', and a decentralised political environment have contributed to the continued vitality of many smaller speech communities. Most living languages native to Great Kirav belong to | Kiravia is a multilingual nation and a global hotspot for linguistic diversity. Challenging terrain in may parts of the country, ''tuva'', and a decentralised political environment have contributed to the continued vitality of many smaller speech communities. Most living languages native to Great Kirav belong to five major families - Trans-Kiravian, Itaho-Atrassic, Kapuśhitic, Kuomo-Passaic, or Elutic-Intheric - , though there are a few smaller families of (mostly small-numbered) languages and isolates that defy classification. Most historical linguists believe, based on non-linguistic evidence, that the native languages of Great Kirav (with the possible exception of Itaho-Atrassic) descend from a common ancestor, but extreme {{wp|time depth}} and other factors complicate the task of proving this conclusively. The two most important languages in Kiravia are Kiravic Coscivian and High Coscivian. Kiravic is the language of the [[Kir people]] and the prevailing language across most of northern Great Kirav. Due to its large speaker base and widespread use as an inter-ethnic ''lingua franca'', Kiravic has become the working language of the federal government and the main language used in the business world. [[High Coscivian]] is the classical language of Coscivian civilisation, with perhaps the longest continuing literary tradition of any language, with original compositions in High Coscivian still being published today. It is a sacred language in several Coscivian religions and the liturgical language of the Coscivian Rite church. Although under pressure from Kiravic in some disciplines, High Coscivian remains the predominant language of higher education and academic discourse, the main language of scientific publications, and a source of {{wp|learned borrowing|learned borrowings}} into other Kiravian languages. Largely replaced by Kiravic and other modern languages for administrative purposes from the late 19th century AD on, High Coscivian is still commonly used in law and the judiciary in many states, and in ceremonial contexts. | ||
Major regional and ethnic languages spoken in Kiravia are [[Gaelic in Kiravia|Gaelic]], Southern Coscivian (spoken in South Kirav), West Coast Marine Coscivian (spoken in easterly inland areas), Kalverthan Coscivian (spoken in the Baylands), | Major regional and ethnic languages spoken in Kiravia are [[Gaelic in Kiravia|Gaelic]], Southern Coscivian (spoken in South Kirav), West Coast Marine Coscivian (spoken in easterly inland areas), Kalverthan Coscivian (spoken in the Baylands), Eshavian Coscivian (in Andera and by the [[Eshavian Coscivians|Eshavian diaspora]], Austral Coscivian (in [[Sydona]]), Antaric Coscivian, Æran-Kaltan Coscivian, and Serradan Coscivian. | ||
Several {{wp|Austronesian}} languages are spoken in [[Sarolasta]] and [[Seváronsa]], the isolate Melote language in the [[Melian Isles]], and, numerous {{wp|Amerindian languages|indigenous Cronite}} languages in Kiravia's Cronan territories. | Several {{wp|Austronesian}} languages are spoken in [[Sarolasta]] and [[Seváronsa]], {{wp|Greek language|Istroyan}} and the isolate {{wp|Lemnian language|Melote language}} in the [[Melian Isles]], {{wp|Chakavian|Thrakoslavonic}} and {{wp|Armenian language|Pelian}} in Sydona, and numerous {{wp|Amerindian languages|indigenous Cronite}} languages in Kiravia's Cronan territories. | ||
===Religion=== | ===Religion=== | ||
Kiravia is a deeply religious nation. Notions of holiness and reverence are rooted deep in its cultural traditions, far beyond the depth of documentary history, and are of great importance in the lives of most Kiravians. A significant minority of Kiravians report participating in religious devotions other than personal prayer on a daily basis. | Kiravia is a deeply religious nation. Notions of holiness and reverence are rooted deep in its cultural traditions, far beyond the depth of documentary history, and are of great importance in the lives of most Kiravians. A significant minority of Kiravians report participating in religious devotions other than personal prayer on a daily basis. | ||
The majority of Kiravians are Christians, with a plurality adhering to the [[Catholic Church]] and mainly worshipping in its [[Coscivian Catholic Church|Coscivian Rite]], followed by the [[Coscivian Orthodox Church]] and [[Insular Apostolic Church]]. The Christianisation of Kiravia occurred in three waves, first in the [[South Kirav|South]] in the [CENTURY] AD, giving rise to the Coscivian particular church, and next in the Northeast and Kilikas Basin in the [6th century?] AD, giving rise to the Insular Apostolic Church. The West Coast was rapidly evangelised by the Catholic Church during the Xth century. In addition to the three major apostolic churches, a smaller but significant share of Kiravians belong to other Christian denominations, including Protestant ecclesial communities (mainly of Wesleyan and Lutheran persuasions), and a colourful collection of small native denominations referred to as [[Kiravian Sectarians]]. | The majority of Kiravians are Christians, with a plurality adhering to the [[Catholic Church]] and mainly worshipping in its [[Coscivian Catholic Church|Coscivian Rite]], followed by the [[Coscivian Orthodox Church]] and [[Insular Apostolic Church]]. The Christianisation of Kiravia occurred in three waves, first in the [[South Kirav|South]] in the [CENTURY] AD, giving rise to the Coscivian particular church, and next in the Northeast and Kilikas Basin in the [6th century?] AD, giving rise to the Insular Apostolic Church. The West Coast was rapidly evangelised by the Catholic Church during the Xth century. Along with [[Audonian Christianity]], Coscivian Christianity is one of two major non-Occidental expressions of the Christian faith. Rooted in the {{wp|apostolic tradition}}, adapted to and/or informed by the Coscivian {{wp|cosmovision}} and worldview, and expressed in a largely native ritual and iconographic vocabulary, Coscivian Christianity (especially in its Orthodox and Enochite forms) also preserves visible vestiges of {{wp|Mitzvot|Judaïc observance}}. In addition to the three major apostolic churches, a smaller but significant share of Kiravians belong to other Christian denominations, including Protestant ecclesial communities (mainly of [[Methodism in Kiravia|Wesleyan]] and Lutheran persuasions), and a colourful collection of small native denominations referred to as [[Kiravian Sectarians]]. | ||
The two main religious minorities in Kiravia are followers of Coscivian-origin religions and Muslims. Surveys of religious identification tend to misrepresent the extent to which practice of Coscivian religions such as Iduanism, Sarostivism, and Ruricanism continues in modern Kiravia, as many Kiravian Christians and Muslims engage in substantial syncretism with these older traditions in their spirituality, or at least maintain some connexion to rituals from these religions as part of their cultural heritage and community life. Islam arrived in Kiravia during the Xth century AD, carried by seaborne trade with [[Audonia]], and spread mainly in the South. Kiravian Islam spans several different theological schools and social communities. | The two main religious minorities in Kiravia are followers of Coscivian-origin religions and Muslims. Surveys of religious identification tend to misrepresent the extent to which practice of Coscivian religions such as Iduanism, Sarostivism, and Ruricanism continues in modern Kiravia, as many Kiravian Christians and Muslims engage in substantial syncretism with these older traditions in their spirituality, or at least maintain some connexion to rituals from these religions as part of their cultural heritage and community life. Islam arrived in Kiravia during the Xth century AD, carried by seaborne trade with [[Audonia]], and spread mainly in the South. Kiravian Islam spans several different theological schools and social communities. | ||
Common features of religious observance in Kiravia that cut broadly across different traditions and denominations include some form of prayer for the dead (likely absorbed from traditions of ancestor worship), association of {{wp|the Moon}} and lunar imagery with the sacred, and an important role for ascetic orders and monasticism. | Common features of religious observance in Kiravia that cut broadly across different traditions and denominations include some form of prayer for the dead (likely absorbed from traditions of ancestor worship), association of {{wp|the Moon}} and lunar imagery with the sacred, and an important role for ascetic orders and {{wp|monasticism}}. | ||
===Arts=== | ===Arts=== | ||
Kiravia has a rich and ancient artistic heritage. In the visual arts, it has a proud tradition of {{wp|Printmaking|engraving and printmaking}}, {{wp|tapestry}}, {{wp|pottery}}, and {{wp|statuary}} dating back thousands of years. Contact with [[Occidental civilization|the Occident]] introduced media such as {{wp|stained glass}}, the {{wp|mosaic}}, and manuscript illumination that became widely practiced and highly valued channels for artistic expression. | [[File:Stèle en pays basque.jpg|thumb|A {{wp|stele}} in [[Metrea]], typical of [[Ethnic groups of Kiravia#Serradan Coscivians|Serradan]] folk art. Kiravia has a rich tradition of monumental art, from colossal statuary to common gravestones.]] | ||
Kiravia has a rich and ancient artistic heritage. In the visual arts, it has a proud tradition of {{wp|Printmaking|engraving and printmaking}}, {{wp|tapestry}}, {{wp|pottery}}, and {{wp|statuary}} dating back thousands of years. Contact with [[Occidental civilization|the Occident]] introduced media such as {{wp|stained glass}}, the {{wp|mosaic}}, and manuscript illumination that became widely practiced and highly valued channels for artistic expression. Its {{wp|plastic arts}} developed mainly in a monumental context that dates back to the massive {{wp|standing stones}} of the [[Prehistory and Peopling of Great Kirav|Boreal megalithic]], and has grown over the years to encompass such hallmarks as colossal statuary (best represented by the [[Marble Emperor]] and the protective ''[[Mount Saint Mary#Statue and Significance|nárivethamton]]'' ("mountain-sentinels") found on many Kiravian peaks), {{wp|obelisks}}, {{wp|steles}} funerary and otherwise, and religious statuary. The stylistic conventions of {{wp|Insular art|Kilikas art}} shared with the countries of Celtic North Levantia and the Kilikas Basin were were widely adopted in the centuries following Christianisation and continue to influence Kiravian art today, particularly among the Celtic minority, [[Ĥeiran Coscivians|Ĥeiran]] and [[Féinem|Fenian]] Coscivians, and the [[Insular Apostolic Church]], who embrace the æsthetic as an important marker of their identity. | |||
The social taboo of ''[[xolkriśgir]]'' has hampered the development of contemporary photography in the country. | The social taboo of ''[[xolkriśgir]]'' has hampered the development of contemporary photography in the country. | ||
Kiravian instrumental music is rooted almost entirely in two traditional contexts, {{wp|Social dance|social dance music}} and ritual-liturgical music. [[Coscivian opera]] and [[Coscivian classical music]] grew out of the latter tradition, while Kiravian folk music has its roots in the former and has become heavily influenced by Celtic folk music. | |||
===Sport and Recreation=== | ===Sport and Recreation=== | ||
Sports and other forms of physical recreation are an important part of Kiravian life. | Sports and other forms of physical recreation are an important part of Kiravian life. | ||
===Motoring=== | |||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
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===Sectors=== | ===Sectors=== | ||
====Agriculture and Forestry==== | ====Agriculture and Forestry==== | ||
''See: [[Agriculture in Great Kirav]]''<br> | |||
Great Kirav hosts the [[Agriculture in Great Kirav|northernmost significant agricultural sector]], as well as the vast majority of cultivated land between the 60th and 65th parallels north. However, the most productive agricultural regions per cultivated hectare are in warmer, more southerly areas such as South Kirav and the Middle Belt, the antipodean [[Sydona Islands]], and other overseas possessions with more conducive growing conditions. | Great Kirav hosts the [[Agriculture in Great Kirav|northernmost significant agricultural sector]], as well as the vast majority of cultivated land between the 60th and 65th parallels north. However, the most productive agricultural regions per cultivated hectare are in warmer, more southerly areas such as South Kirav and the Middle Belt, the antipodean [[Sydona Islands]], and other overseas possessions with more conducive growing conditions. | ||
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[''Kelvakrāsta''] | [''Kelvakrāsta''] | ||
Vast timber reserves in Great Kirav, Koskenkorva, and the Cusinaut colonies are a major natural resource, and historically contributed to the rise of Kiravian naval power. Kiravia is the largest producer and second-largest exporter of softwood timber in Ixnay. Softwood timber is also a crucial raw material supplied to domestic the domestic pulp-and-paper, upholstery, and pine flannel industries. | Vast timber reserves in Great Kirav, Koskenkorva, and the Cusinaut colonies are a major natural resource, and historically contributed to the rise of Kiravian naval power. Kiravia is the largest producer and second-largest exporter of softwood timber in Ixnay. Softwood timber is also a crucial raw material supplied to domestic the domestic pulp-and-paper, upholstery, and pine flannel industries. During the Age of the Sail, the {{wp|naval stores industry}} was of immense strategic importance, and the lowland conifer forests of [[Trinatria]], South [[Niyaska]], and littoral [[Váuadra]] were critical sources of resin and tar precursors to the vast quantities of rosin, pitch, and turpentine required by the burgeoning Kiravian merchant marine and naval fleet. This sector was hit hard by the advent of steel shipbuilding, but was able to restructure and remain profitable until the discovery of more cost-effective synthetic alternatives to {{wp|pine tar}} and resin in the latter half of the 20th century AD. It has since been regarded as a {{wp|sunset industry}} and is kept alive today mainly by demand from {{wp|soap}} manufacturers, {{wp|traditional medicine}} practitioners, and professional baseball as much as its remaining applications in carpentry. | ||
====Minerals and Metallurgy==== | |||
As a geographically extensive and geologically diverse polity, the Kiravian Federacy is rich in deposits of various economically utile minerals, ores, stones, and other resources of a chthonic nature. Mining activities in Great Kirav are mainly concentrated in its three major mountain belts. The Eastern Highlands ranges are best known for their large (though considerably depleted) {{wp|coal}} seams, such as the [[Darran Valley]] coalfield, and, to a lesser extent, for historically important tin, zinc, and lead ores. Advances in drilling technology have revitalised the extractive sector in many parts of the Eastern Highlands since the 2010s AD by enabling access to {{wp|natural gas}} deposits of moderate size. The Ximantav Mountains of [[Great Kirav#Upper Kirav|Upper Kirav]] are known to contain at least 47 species of economically valuable ores and minerals. Western regions are rich in {{wp|chalcopyrite}}, {{wp|nickel oxide}}, {{wp|gold}}, {{wp|platinum}}, {{wp|chromite}}, and {{wp|magnetite ores}}, as well as {{wp|bauxite}}, {{wp|potassium}} salts, {{wp|talc}}, {{wp|fireclay}} and {{wp|Emery (mineral)|abrasive emery}}. Small deposits of bituminous and lignite coal can be found along the southern slopes. Magnetite and {{wp|taconite}} ore from the Ximantav iron ranges and coal from the Eastern Highlands fuelled the relatively early industrialisation of northern Kirav and accelerated the urban development of Lake Belt cities such as [[Escarda]] and [[Cities of Kiravia#Xūrosar|Xūrosar]]. Outside of Kiravia, however, the Ximantav mountains are best known as a source of precious and semiprecious stones, including {{wp|emerald}}, {{wp|amethyst}}, {{wp|aquamarine}}, {{wp|jasper}}, {{wp|rhodonite}}, {{wp|malachite}}, and {{wp|diamond}}. | |||
====Industry==== | ====Industry==== | ||
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===Energy=== | ===Energy=== | ||
''See: [[Energy in Kiravia]]''<br> | |||
[[File:Shatura steam power plant (2010).jpg|thumb|Peat-fired power plant in [[Intravia|Intravia State]].]] | [[File:Shatura steam power plant (2010).jpg|thumb|Peat-fired power plant in [[Intravia|Intravia State]].]] | ||
Kiravia is the largest<sup>[''citation needed'']</sup> energy consumer in Ixnay and the leading energy importer. The vast energy demand generated by its large population, advanced economy, and cool climate greatly outstrip domestic supply. Maintaining a reliable energy supply and reasonable prices is a perennial policy concern at the federal level, and a great deal of public expenditure has been dedicated to energy subsidies, energy research, the development of domestic energy sources, and the upkeep of good trade relations with major energy-exporting countries. | Kiravia is the largest<sup>[''citation needed'']</sup> energy consumer in Ixnay and the leading energy importer. The vast energy demand generated by its large population, advanced economy, and cool climate greatly outstrip domestic supply. Maintaining a reliable energy supply and reasonable prices is a perennial policy concern at the federal level, and a great deal of public expenditure has been dedicated to energy subsidies, energy research, the development of domestic energy sources, and the upkeep of good trade relations with major energy-exporting countries. | ||
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Kiravia is a world leader in nuclear research (both civilian and [[Weapons of mass destruction and Kiravia|military]]) and has invested extensively in the development of nuclear power to meet its staggering energy needs. | Kiravia is a world leader in nuclear research (both civilian and [[Weapons of mass destruction and Kiravia|military]]) and has invested extensively in the development of nuclear power to meet its staggering energy needs. | ||
Major fossil fuel suppliers to the Kiravian market include [[Cartadania]] and other nations. | Major fossil fuel suppliers to the Kiravian market include [[Cartadania]] and other nations. The most plentiful domestic reserves of oil and gas are located in the Pelian Ocean, offshore from the [[Sydona Islands]] and [[Saxalin Islands]]. | ||
{{wp|Peat}} is plentiful across many parts of Great Kirav, particularly the upper and upper-middle latitudes, where it is commonly used as a household fuel source, especially in rural areas. Kiravians traditionally harvested peat from nearby bogs themselves or purchased cut peat bricks or briquettes to be delivered to their homes, practices which continue today. There are also dozens of peat-fired power plants in Kiravia that feed into modern electrical power grids. | {{wp|Peat}} is plentiful across many parts of Great Kirav, particularly the upper and upper-middle latitudes, where it is commonly used as a household fuel source, especially in rural areas. Kiravians traditionally harvested peat from nearby bogs themselves or purchased cut peat bricks or briquettes to be delivered to their homes, practices which continue today. There are also dozens of peat-fired power plants in Kiravia that feed into modern electrical power grids. | ||