National Pact (Urcea) and Imperial Inquisition: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox political party
The '''Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition''', commonly known as the '''Imperial Inquisition''', was established in 1480 in the [[Holy Levantine Empire]]. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in the Empire and to replace the {{wp|Medieval Inquisition}}, which was under [[Pope|Papal]] control, with a state-controlled institution. It became the most substantive of the manifestations of the wider Catholic {{wp|Inquisition}}. Later in its history, it began to take on increasing secular law enforcement responsibilities throughout the Empire, enforcing morality laws. It began to lose influence beginning in 1815 but was not formally dissolved until the end of the Empire in 1935.
| name = National Pact
| abbreviation = NP
| logo = National Pact Logo.png
| symbol =
| colorcode = #0031C0
| chairperson =
| leader2_title = [[Procurator]]
| leader2_name = [[Conner Scipio Salderio]]
| founders =
| foundation = January 19, 1791
| predecessor = Conservative Faction, Nationalist Faction, Parliamentary Faction (18th Century)
| headquarters = 1001 5th Avenue, [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]], [[Urcea]]
| position = {{wp|Center-right}}
| ideology = *[[Crown Liberalism]]
*{{wp|Neoliberalism}}
*{{wp|Conservatism}}
*{{wp|Fusionism}}
| colors = Blue
| seats1_title = [[Concilium Daoni]]
| seats1 = {{composition bar|227|500|hex=#0031C0}}
| country = Urcea
}}


The '''National Pact''' is the second largest political party in the [[Urcea|Apostolic Kingdom of Urcea]], and the oldest. Though the party has been described as a large coalition by some, it is one of the strongest advocate for continuing the traditional [[Constitution of Urcea|constitutional balance]] in Urcea, which it played a large role in founding, and the party describes itself as [[Crown Liberalism|Crown Liberal]] and as the historical champion of the [[Concilium Daoni]]. Its economic policy is somewhat to the right of the traditional mainstream system and has, since the end of the 20th century, trended more towards a laissez faire position. Though the party was traditionally suspicious of foreign entanglements, during the Procuratorship of [[James Dynan]] the party supported a relatively limited intervention in [[Crona]] that laid the foundation for [[The Deluge]].
==History==


== History ==
The state-run inquisition began as a series of informal tribunals of priests and bishops gathered under the auspices of the [[Emperor of the Levantines]] to try cases related to the [[Anglei#Kingdom_period|Ænglish Utraquist War]], initially having a high standard of justice, evidence, and presumption of innocence, at least compared to courts of its day. As the Utraquist wars wound down, the institutions which grew up around the tribunals became increasingly formalized and made permanent by various acts of the [[Imperial Diet]], supplanting the centralized authority of the [[Catholic Church]] in judicial matters relating to religion.  
The National Pact was officially formed on January 19th, 1791, in Urceopolis, as the "National Pact for the Settlement of the Constitution", as a loose association of faction leaders of the [[Concilium Daoni]] in the period before political parties. The National Pact initially was made up of [[Burgundie|Burgundian]]-influenced liberal [[Social class in Urcea|privilegiata]], supporters of the powers of the Daoni over that of the King, moderate reformers, and a small faction of nationalists and other compatible Delegates from the Daoni. Some of these factions had existed since the beginning of the [[War of the Caroline Succession]] some forty years prior. Together, these disparate groups formed the cohesive ideology of [[Crown Liberalism]], the guiding philosophy of the National Pact.


Rather than following the lead of some other foreign-influenced factions and Delegates, the members of the National Pact considered themselves loyal subjects of the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]], and that they abhorred revolution or disloyalty. Instead, the Pact sought gradual reform within existing institutions. Throughout the 19th century's constitutional settlements, the National Pact scored many key victories for the power of the [[Concilium Daoni]], and thus the common people in general, in relation to the King. During this time, in which the party was unofficially known as the '''Party of Order''', the Pact coalesced from a loose coalition into a more unified and disciplined political organization with a clear ideology of modernization and industrialization with liberalization, and the party was lead by the privilegiata. The Party of Order era saw the National Pact support the King against more revolutionary types during the latter half of the 19th Century, a period in which they controlled substantial Daoni majorities. The so-called Party of Order also won elections for all of Urcea's seats in the [[Imperial Diet]] during the period. The 19th century included the period of enmity now referred to by historians as the [[Recess of the Julii]], which lead to the National Pact practicing political abstentionism in the Diet.
The Inquisition was dramatically expanded and came to prominence during and after the [[Great Confessional War]] which resulted from the {{Wp|Protestant Reformation}}. While most Protestants, especially the poor and large numbers of farmers, were driven away by impromptu and sometimes extrajudicial [[Dragonnades]], members of the nobility, academics, merchants, and other prominent members of society faced the Inquisition. In part due to the enmity born by Levantines for Protestants and in part due to the dramatically increased number of those being tried, the tribunals of the Imperial Inquisition lost most of their quality as institutions of justice, with the vast majority of cases being determined before they were heard. In most cases, the clerics advocated leniency but those accused were executed or exiled by the state.  


Initially tepidly supporting the Crown Regency of [[Gréagóir FitzRex]], the Pact quickly embraced restoration of the normal order and supported [[Patrick III of Urcea|King Patrick III]]'s efforts to that end. The Pact won many of the by-elections upon the restoration in 1902 and was compelled by the King to form a national unity government with its first major rival, the [[National Democratic Party (Urcea)]]. However, controversies such as [[The Enabling]] divided the Pact as it lost the support of the [[Ionian Plateau]] and was embroiled in scandal.
By the 17th century, the religious upheaval of [[The Anarchy]] and Reformation had passed, and the now enlarged Inquisition was given additional responsibilities by the [[Imperial Diet]] extending beyond its traditional roles. Before attempted reforms to the Empire to create an administrative state, the Inquisition was by far the largest part of the Empire's governmental apparatus by 1700. In addition to its underlying role of rooting out heretics, it came to enforce various morality codes and laws, which came to mean functionally any crime by 1750. The Inquisition served both as the primary law enforcement and judicial system of the Empire in the 18th century, leading to significant abuses. Reform efforts in the 1770s and 1780s restored many of the rights and powers of the Empire's princes to enforce and try laws. The Inquisition was reformed to deal primarily with vice crimes in addition to its traditional anti-heresy mission.  


By the first full election after the restoration in 1905, the Pact found itself in a Daoni minority for the first time in decades. The National Democratic Party, which was more progressive on social reforms and had an economic policy in line with newly-formed Catholic teaching, went on to find major success until the [[Second Great War]], in which the Pact managed to regain power. Since the conclusion of the Great War, the National Pact has taken an increasingly neoliberal economic philosophy, a change that lead to the fracturing of the party as a minority broke off and formed separate parties, which sought to pursue Urcea's "traditional [[Crown Liberalism]]". During much of the 20th century and early 21st century, the Pact and the National Democratic Party were the largest two parties and often formed the Daoni majorities and elect the [[Procurator]]. The National Democratic Party ceased to exist as a consequence of the [[2015 Urcean political realignment]], leaving the Pact as the nation's largest party. As a part of the realignment, during the lengthy Procuratorship of [[James Dynan]], the party began to take on an activist approach to foreign policy, with support for [[The Deluge]] part of the Pact's official platform. The Pact retains its proud identity as "Crown Liberal", although the meaning of the term has become greatly debated with the advent of its neoliberal laissez-faire approaches to economics.
The [[Recess of the Julii]] significantly weakened the Inquisition by its removal from [[Urcea]] in 1815, which made up a large portion of the Empire's population, as well as a source of manpower, clerics, and funding. In Urcea, its mission was replaced by the civil office of the [[Censor (Urcea)|Censor]], an office which remains within the [[Government of Urcea]].


== Ideology and Policies ==
==In Yonderre==
The National Pact was founded in the 1790s as a [[Crown Liberal]] political organization, a somewhat more moderate version of other contemporary liberal movements. Since then, the National Pact has abandoned its more traditional economic and foreign policies in favor of {{wp|fusionism}}, including classically liberal economics, an aggressive foreign policy, and socially conservative positions.


=== Constitutional Policy ===
Although it was not part of the [[Holy Levantine Empire]], the Imperial Inquisition was granted authority in [[Yonderre]] in [[1523]] as the {{wp|Protestant Reformation}} began to spread, replacing the Papal Inquisition in that country. The Imperial Inquisition continued to function in Yonderre for the remainder of its existence, bringing Yonderre's law enforcement and criminal code in most of the country into conformity with that of the Empire, although the Inquisition's authority lessened in the latter half of the seventeenth century with the creation of the [[Custodes Yonderre]] with which the Inquisition would sometimes butt heads. It has been suggested by scholars that the closeness of legal codes which resulted were one of the key similarities between Yonderre and the Empire that made it join the [[Levantine Union]], the only country which had not been part of the Empire to do so.
The National Pact argues for strict adherence to the system of laws, customs, and institutions known as the [[Constitution of Urcea]], arguing that the democratic institutions under the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]] is Urcea's fundamental "great idea" and that the system must be maintained, including the current distribution of executive powers among the [[Procurator]] and [[Chancellor and Temporary President]]. The Pact views itself as largely responsible for the Constitution and the party's central philosophical tenet is its maintenance, both against explicit changes to it as well as what it views as implicit "usurpations" by any one part of the Constitutional system. The Pact believes in strong, but separated and balanced, parts of the [[Government of Urcea]], a position which traditionally meant limitation of the powers of the Apostolic King but increasingly has meant opposing the growth of the powers of the [[Concilium Daoni]] as advocated for by the [[Solidarity Party (Urcea)|Solidarity Party]]. The modern National Pact is divided on the issue of the monarch and particularly the reign of [[Riordan VIII]] as it relates to his power in [[NSTA|his overseas domains]], with traditionalists decrying the King's "excesses" while the mainstream of the party adopting the position that late 20th century monarchs had become too removed from public affairs, opening the door for an increasingly populist public view of the role of the legislature.
 
=== Economic Policy ===
Members of the National Pact believe that free markets and individual achievement are the primary factors behind economic prosperity. Despite pledges to roll back government spending, National Pact administrations have, since the late 1980s, sustained previous levels of government spending. The modern National Pact advocates the theory of supply side economics, which holds that lower tax rates increase economic growth. Many party members oppose higher tax rates for higher earners, which they believe are unfairly targeted at those who create jobs and wealth. They believe private spending is more efficient than government spending. Pact lawmakers have also sought to limit funding for tax enforcement and tax collection. Inversely, the National Pact has put forward several proposals to create a "universal" tax scheme, as they believe the differences in tax structures between provinces, states, and crownlands inhibits the growth of free enterprise and creates confusion for business owners. The National Pact believes, to the extent possible, that the middle class and small business owners are drivers of the economy and must be empowered, both through low taxes and reduced regulation, to ensure national prosperity.
 
Members of the National Pact believe individuals should take responsibility for their own circumstances. They also believe the private sector is more effective in helping the poor through charity than the government is through welfare programs and that social assistance programs often cause government dependency. Specifically, the Pact aims to increase the "range and scope" of [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] charity programs while reducing public programs for the same purpose via a policy known as "National-Church Partnership".  
 
====History====
Historically, the National Pact did not have an official economic platform as it was a political club aimed at increasing the breadth and depth of the [[Constitution of Urcea]]. Within the Pact, many factions formed during the 19th and early 20th centuries with radically different views on economics. The Pact's first platform, adopted in 1840, included a small section on increasing the economic productivity of the nation, but it largely included language urging the implementation of tariffs against members of the [[Holy Levantine Empire]] (in keeping with the [[Recess of the Julii]]) and creation of a more robust national railroad system. Only after the [[Second Great War]] did economic considerations enter seriously into the Pact's philosophy, as it began to softly reject the language in Quadragesimo anno as outmoded and "without scientific precedent" while still "lauding the intentions of the Pope" to call for a just economic system. The transformation was gradual, as the mainstream economic classical liberal position did not become the majority position until the party's 1980 platform.
 
=== Social Policy ===
 
=== Foreign Policy ===
 
=== Defense ===


[[Category: Holy Levantine Empire]]
[[Category:Award winning pages]]
[[Category:Award winning pages]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category: Urcea]]
[[Category: Politics of Urcea]]
[[Category: Political parties]]

Revision as of 11:38, 7 December 2022

The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, commonly known as the Imperial Inquisition, was established in 1480 in the Holy Levantine Empire. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in the Empire and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control, with a state-controlled institution. It became the most substantive of the manifestations of the wider Catholic Inquisition. Later in its history, it began to take on increasing secular law enforcement responsibilities throughout the Empire, enforcing morality laws. It began to lose influence beginning in 1815 but was not formally dissolved until the end of the Empire in 1935.

History

The state-run inquisition began as a series of informal tribunals of priests and bishops gathered under the auspices of the Emperor of the Levantines to try cases related to the Ænglish Utraquist War, initially having a high standard of justice, evidence, and presumption of innocence, at least compared to courts of its day. As the Utraquist wars wound down, the institutions which grew up around the tribunals became increasingly formalized and made permanent by various acts of the Imperial Diet, supplanting the centralized authority of the Catholic Church in judicial matters relating to religion.

The Inquisition was dramatically expanded and came to prominence during and after the Great Confessional War which resulted from the Protestant Reformation. While most Protestants, especially the poor and large numbers of farmers, were driven away by impromptu and sometimes extrajudicial Dragonnades, members of the nobility, academics, merchants, and other prominent members of society faced the Inquisition. In part due to the enmity born by Levantines for Protestants and in part due to the dramatically increased number of those being tried, the tribunals of the Imperial Inquisition lost most of their quality as institutions of justice, with the vast majority of cases being determined before they were heard. In most cases, the clerics advocated leniency but those accused were executed or exiled by the state.

By the 17th century, the religious upheaval of The Anarchy and Reformation had passed, and the now enlarged Inquisition was given additional responsibilities by the Imperial Diet extending beyond its traditional roles. Before attempted reforms to the Empire to create an administrative state, the Inquisition was by far the largest part of the Empire's governmental apparatus by 1700. In addition to its underlying role of rooting out heretics, it came to enforce various morality codes and laws, which came to mean functionally any crime by 1750. The Inquisition served both as the primary law enforcement and judicial system of the Empire in the 18th century, leading to significant abuses. Reform efforts in the 1770s and 1780s restored many of the rights and powers of the Empire's princes to enforce and try laws. The Inquisition was reformed to deal primarily with vice crimes in addition to its traditional anti-heresy mission.

The Recess of the Julii significantly weakened the Inquisition by its removal from Urcea in 1815, which made up a large portion of the Empire's population, as well as a source of manpower, clerics, and funding. In Urcea, its mission was replaced by the civil office of the Censor, an office which remains within the Government of Urcea.

In Yonderre

Although it was not part of the Holy Levantine Empire, the Imperial Inquisition was granted authority in Yonderre in 1523 as the Protestant Reformation began to spread, replacing the Papal Inquisition in that country. The Imperial Inquisition continued to function in Yonderre for the remainder of its existence, bringing Yonderre's law enforcement and criminal code in most of the country into conformity with that of the Empire, although the Inquisition's authority lessened in the latter half of the seventeenth century with the creation of the Custodes Yonderre with which the Inquisition would sometimes butt heads. It has been suggested by scholars that the closeness of legal codes which resulted were one of the key similarities between Yonderre and the Empire that made it join the Levantine Union, the only country which had not been part of the Empire to do so.