North Songun civilization and Pribraltar: Difference between pages

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{| align=right cellspacing=0 width=350px class="infobox toccolours" style="padding: 0.8em 0.8em 0.8em 0.8em; margin: 0em 0em 0.75em 0.75em; background: #fcfcfc; vertical-align: middle; border-h: 1px #c6c6c6 solid; border-top: 1px #c6c6c6 solid; border-left: 1px #c6c6c6 solid; border-right: 1px #c6c6c6 solid; border-bottom: 1px #c6c6c6 solid; border: 1px #c6c6c6 solid; font-size: 85%; span: 1px #c6c6c6 solid;"
{{Infobox archaeological culture
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#3CB371" |
|name        = North Songun civilization
|-
|map        =  
| colspan=2 | <hr>
|mapalt      = NSC major sites
|-
|altnames=Songunese civilization
| style="font-size: 10.2pt; background: #fcfcfc; text-align: center;" colspan=2 | '''Commonwealth of Pribraltar'''<br>'''''Lodrikéarita Pribraltar'''''
|region      = Northern coast of the [[Songun Sea]], south of modern [[Varshan]]
|-
|typesite    =
| align=center colspan=2 style="padding: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em; text-align: center; background: #fcfcfc;"| [[File:PribraltarFlag.png|300px|border]]<br><small>Flag</small>
|majorsites  =
|-
|period      = {{wp|Medieval}} [[Crona]]
| align=center colspan=2 style="padding: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em; text-align: center; background: #fcfcfc;"|
|dates      = {{circa|500 BC|1500 AD}}
|-
|precededby  =  
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#3CB371" |
|followedby  = [[Varshan]]
|-
|Capital=}}
| colspan=2 | <hr>
|-
| '''Sovereign''' || [[Kiravia|Kiravian Federacy]]
|-
| '''Capital''' || [[Hāverma]]
|-
| '''Population''' || 485,000
|-
| '''Prime Executive''' || [[Visikur Hôsiverin]] (PRP)
|-
| '''Prime Secretary''' || [[Diarmuid Arden]] (PFP)
|-
| '''Legislature''' || Válora
|-
| '''[[Federal Stanora|Stanora]] seats''' || 1 <small>(votes only in committee)<small>
|-
| '''Official languages''' || [[Kilikas-Valēkas Coscivian]]<br>[[Kiravic Coscivian]]
|-
| '''Postal Abbreviation''' || PRB
|-
| '''Time Zone''' || Sirana Time
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#3CB371" |
|-
| colspan=2 | <hr>
|}
[[Category:KRV]]
[[Category:Kiravian federal subjects]]
[[Category:Kiravian islands]]


The '''North Songun civilization''' was a [[Crona]]n civilization established in {{wp|classic antiquity}} existing through the Occidental {{wp|Renaissance}}, whose primary achievements and existed occurred during the Occidental {{wp|medieval period}}. The civilization, the richest and most advanced in [[Crona]] of its contemporaries, flourished on the north shore of the [[Songun Sea]], from which it derives its name.  
'''Pribraltar''', officially the '''Commonwealth of Pribraltar''' (formerly the Coscivian People's Republic of Pribraltar) ([[Kiravic Coscivian|Coscivian]]: ''Lodrikéarita Pribraltar'') is a dependent state of the [[Kiravian Federacy]] comprising an island of the same name adjoining the Landderic Straits between [[Ixnay (continent)|Continental Ixnay]] and [[Umcara]]. Occupying a strategic position for international shipping, the island has changed hands many times over the course of its history, and has a rich history incorporating numerous cultural influences. The bulk of its population are [[Coscivian civilisation#People|Coscivians]] descended from clans that migrated across the Strait from Umcara, reïnforced by later influxes of immigrants from various seafaring Coscivian subgroups. Pribraltar has a close historical, cultural, political, and economic relationship with the neighbouring island of [[Saint Kennera]].


Historians believe the North Songun civilization emerged out of a series of related settlements in and around southeastern [[Kelekona]]. Throughout its existence, the civilization was never completely centralized, instead including a wide number of polities and city-states, though at times several large kingdoms and empires did form in this space. The civilization spread both through the establishment of new colonies over time, as well as the subjugation of other indigenous peoples, particularly in [[Telonaticolan]] and [[Titechaxha]]. "Proto" North Songun civilization reached its traditional extent into those countries by around 500 BC, from which point development of the civilization would occur inward through a series of continuous reform and religious, social, and economic revolutions. The cities of the North Songun were noted for their urban planning, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Their economies were comparable to Occidental contemporaries, and the wealth of these civilizations allowed for a flourishing of art and literature. The North Songun civilization was the first in Crona to establish a lasting literary tradition, and its written histories provide most major insights to scholars regarding the history of pre-[[Aster's expedition|Asterian]] Crona.
==Geography==
Pribraltar is a moderately mountainous island located on the southern edge of the Sea of Odoneru, just north of the equator. It is X kilometres equidistant from [[Port du Vent]], a Burgundian island territory, and [[Cartadania]] on [[Continental Ixnay|Continental Ixnayan]] mainland, and Y kilometers north of its sister island, Saint Kennera. The waters on either side of the twin islands connecting the Sea of Odoneru to the Taínean Sea are known to Kiravians as the Pribraltar Channels. The Urcean possession of Ventotene lies Z kilometers to the southwest.


For the latter part of its history, the states of the North Songun existed alongside, and then in opposition to, [[Varshan]]. The Anzo-based state emerged in the shadow of the North Songun before eventually overtaking it. Political instability in the North Songun began after the [[Aster's expedition|arrival of the Occident]], a process which greatly weakened the states of the North Songun. Their wealth and relative weakness exposed them to [[The Hunt (Varshan)|the Hunts]], an annual Varshani raid that began in the 15th century and lasted through the 18th century. The constant military pressure from Varshan, fragile political systems, and weakening economy led to the total collapse of all North Songun states by 1500 AD.
Pribraltar mainly has a tropical monsoon climate, and the natural vegetation of much of the island is tropical forest. Some of the higher-altitude interior areas, known as the Uplands or the Heights, have a humid subtropical highland climate.
==History==
===Early Settlement===
===Age of the Sail===
===Capture and Captivity===
===Liberation War===
===Post-Liberation===
 
==Politics and Governance==
 
Pribraltar is a {{wp|semi-presidential system|semi-presidential republic}} with a constitution modelled on that of Umcara and the Kiravian states of [[Cascada]], [[Ilfenóra]], and [[Metrea]]. Legislative power is vested in the ''Válora'' or "Chamber of Audit", which is elected every three years by at-large closed-list proportional representation.
 
The head of state, known as the Prime Executive, is popularly elected every five years by a two-round system. The Prime Executive signs bills and executive orders into law, and he may independently veto legislation, subject to override by a 2/3 vote of the Válora.
 
Executive power is vested in an Executive Council, led by a Prime Secretary, except for certain prerogative and reserve powers which may be exercised independently by the Prime Executive. The Executive Council and Prime Secretary are dually-accountable to the Prime Executive and the Válora. The Prime Executive appoints the Prime Secretary and other members of the EC, but must have the support of a legislative majority for his choice. The Prime Secretary or the entire Council may be dismissed by the Prime Executive or by a vote of no confidence in the legislature.
[[File:Judicial Yuan Building 20060521.jpg|thumb|Cabinet Secretariat building, Hāverma]]
 
===Political Status===
Like [[Saint Kennera]], Pribraltar is a self-governing dependency of the [[Kiravian Federacy]]. The islands' relationship with the Federal government is structured by a series of tripartite treaties and memoranda adopted after the islands were liberated from (((occupying nation))), and continues to evolve as a result of political developments in the islands and in [[Kartika]]. The Government of the Kiravian Federacy is responsible for Pribraltar's defence and foreign affairs, postal system (through the [[Federal Post]]), and telecommunications infrastructure. The [[Federal Consistory]] in Kartika is the ultimate court of appeal for cases originating in Pribraltar's judicial system, and incarcerated convicts sentenced by Pribraltarian courts with exceptional security or health needs are held in Kiravian federal prisons. [other stuff here] Most Pribraltarians hold or are eligible for Kiravian passports by virtue of their [[Kiravian nationality law|Kiravian National (Overseas)]] status. During the occupation, many Pribraltarians were granted KN(O) status to facilitate their resettlement in Great Kirav or to aid members of the resistance movement travelling between the islands and Great Kirav for training and other activities. In 21207, the [[Federal Stanora]] extended this status to all resident islanders of Coscivian, Alkharvian, Celtic, or Tryhstian descent through the [[List of Kiravian legislation|Overseas Nationality Act (St. Kennera & Pribraltar)]]. Thus, Pribraltarians are Kiravian ''nationals'', but most are only ''citizens'' of Pribraltar. That being said, a significant number of Pribraltarians do hold Kiravian citizenship, having been naturalised in the Federacy or born to naturalised parents before returning to the island after its liberation.
 
At present, Pribraltar is outside of the Kiravian customs area, though the current administration is working to harmonise its customs laws with that of Kiravia, and maintains a separate immigration régime. It is also outside Kiravian jurisdiction where banking policy and financial regulations are concerned. Unlike Kiravian and St. Kenneran banks, Pribraltarian banks are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Agency, and instead hold policies from private foreign insurers. Pribraltar has its own currency, the Pribraltarian lira, which is pegged at a fixed exchange rate of 1:1 to the Kiravian saar, and essentially all businesses on the island accept the two currencies without distinction.


Today, [[Arcerion]], [[Kelekona]], [[Telonaticolan]], [[Titechaxha]], and [[Malentina]] occupy the majority of lands traditionally included within the extent of the North Songun civilization, and to a degree the people of the latter four countries are the descendants of the North Songun people.
Pribraltar is represented in the [[Federal Stanora|Kiravian Stanora]] by an elected Delegate, but this Delegate can only vote in committee and is barred from membership in certain key committees.


==Etymology==
===Political Landscape===
The term "North Songun civilization" is a geographically-oriented one coined by [[Occidental]] scholars in the late 19th century. The term encompasses a large number of peoples and cities who shared a related cultural-civilizational foundation, and accordingly the use of a single, non-exonym term has proven problematic. The term ''Semanau'' has been proposed, meaning "world" or "whole world" in pre-modern [[Kelekona]]n, but the term has several cultural implications not present in the ancient literature. The Varshani term for the region, "zetu'latan", directly translated sometimes as "golden lands", has also been proposed but has been rejected by scholars due to the harmful historic relationship between Varshan and the region as well as the difficulty in getting a direct meaning-for-meaning translation from [[Hieratic Varshani]]. Scholars and cultural observers are generally dissatisfied with the "North Songun civilization" terminology, both due to linguistic "clunkiness" as well as its status as an exonym, but accordingly have been unable to agree on consensus replacement terminology.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
==Extent==
!
The actual extent of the North Songun civilization is traditionally measured by the cities and polities that comprised it, but has also been measured by the cultural footprint which has been traced far beyond its borders; the latter area includes most of [[Crona]]. The core area of the North Songun civilization, as the name implies, sat on the northern coast of the [[Songun Sea]]; its most populous areas were largely in [[Kelekona]] and northwestern [[Arcerion]], but from there it included all of modern [[Titechaxha]], the easternmost parts of [[Varshan]] (largely coinciding with the [[Kiravia]]n [[League-occupied Varshan|occupation zone]]), southern [[Telonaticolan]], and [[Malentina]]. Definitionally, what distinguishes an area as "North Songun" has been determined by the use of their shared urban planning techniques, religious beliefs, and other signifiers agreed upon by scholars; those cultures and peoples within the civilization are not necessarily ethnically related, and scholars are careful to note that the North Songun heritage does not belong strictly to one ethnicity or national group.
!Party Name
!Válora Seats
!Federal Caucus
!Platform
|-
| style="background-color:#008B8B" |
|'''People's Republican Party'''<br><small>''Plānokéaritax Plaiduv''</small>
|<center>{{Infobox political party/seats|10|30|hex=#008B8B}}</center>
| [[Shaftonist-Republican Alliance|SRA]]
| {{wp|Conservatism}}, [[Shaftonist democracy]], [[Coscivian nationalism]], Pro-statehood
|-
| style="background-color:#7CFC00" |
|'''Pribraltar Freedom Party'''<br><small>''Plaiduv Helvikorsk Pribraltarsk''</small>
|<center>{{Infobox political party/seats|9|30|hex=#7CFC00}}</center>
|[[Regional Kiravia Caucus|RKC]]
| {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}, {{wp|Economic liberalism}}, Pro-status quo
|-
| style="background-color:#FFD700" |
|'''Pribraltarian Libertarian Party'''<br><small>''Pribraltarix Libertarisēx Plaiduv''</small>
|<center>{{Infobox political party/seats|6|30|hex=#FFD700}}</center>
|[[Kiravian Free Alliance|KFA]]
| {{wp|Libertarian conservatism}}, {{wp|Localism}}, {{wp|Associated state|Pro-free association}}
|-
| style="background-color:#DC143C" |
|'''Convist Party of the Pribraltarian People's Republic'''<br><small>''Konvirisēx Plaiduv Pribraltarix Planúkéaritá''</small>
|<center>{{Infobox political party/seats|3|30|hex=#DC143C}}</center>
|[[Popular Democratic Front|PDF]]
| [[Kirosocialism]], {{wp|Social democracy}}, {{wp|Left-wing nationalism}}, Pro-status quo
|-
| style="background-color:#DAA520" |
|'''Union of Christian Democrats'''<br><small>''Thūra Xristokéaritarisēskya''</small>
|<center>{{Infobox political party/seats|2|30|hex=#DAA520}}</center>
|[[Caritist Social Union|CSU]]
| {{wp|Christian democracy}}, Neo-Shaftonism, Pro-statehood
|-
| style="background-color:#00BFFF" |
|'''Party for Cronan Integration'''<br><small>''Plaiduv Kronadax Ēglédikorō''</small>
|<center>{{Infobox political party/seats|0|30|hex=#00BFFF}}</center>
|[[Union of Democrats & Independents|UDI]]
| {{wp|Conservative liberalism}}, Pan-Cronanism, pro-Cronan integration
|-
| style="background-color:#32CD32" |
|'''Party of Pribraltarian Democrats'''<br><small>''Plaiduv Pribraltarix Déruārkatrisēskya''</small>
|<center>{{Infobox political party/seats|0|30|hex=#32CD32}}</center>
|[[Party of Kiravian Democrats|PKD]]
| {{wp|Centrism}}, {{wp|Pragmatism}}, Pro-status quo
|-
|}


Beyond the shared area, the North Songun culture had a very large cultural influence area. Coins from North Songun cities have been found in large quantities as far north as [[Quetzenkel]] and as far south as [[Ceylonia]], implying the North Songun had a very large economic footprint and served as a central economic axis facilitating north-south trade. Scholars have found evidence that the indigenous religions of these areas, possibly including [[Arzalism]], were significantly influenced by North Songun religion and philosophy, though in Arzalism's case these claims are extremely controversial.  
The main split in the partisan-political landscape on Pribraltar is over the island's future political status. The People's Republican Party and Union of Christian Democrats seek admission to the Kiravian Federacy as a full overseas state, though the PRP has downplayed this plank of its platform somewhat as the island's economy has developed. The PRP draws support mainly from upper-middle class native-born Pribraltarians educated in Kiravia, the Umcaran and Æonaran Coscivian communities, those parts of the business sector doing direct business with Kiravia, and those employed in the defence industry, as well as much of the lower middle class and those with strong right-wing or Coscivian nationalist inclinations. The UCD, which is most resolutely pro-statehood, originally had especially devout Catholic and Apostolic Christians as its core constituency, but has expanded to count Pribraltar residents of Saint Kenneran origin, who are ardently pro-statehood, as its largest voter bloc.
==History==
 
===Predecessors===
The Pribraltar Freedom Party is more economically liberal, fiscally conservative, and socially moderate than the PRP and supports maintaining Pribraltar's status quo vis-a-vis the Kiravian Federacy, which it believes is to the island's benefit by allowing it to earn revenue as a tax, finance, and registration haven and reëxport hub. Nonetheless, there is a growing tendency within the PFP that leans toward lessening integration with Kiravia while not altering the fundamental nature of the relationship. The Pribraltarian Libertarian Party is libertarian-conservative and supports affirmatively moving towards an unambiguous relationship of {{wp|associated state|free association}} with the Kiravian Federacy. The PFP and PLP run on a joint list, the PFLP List, and have overlapping bases of support, being most strongly supported by Kiravian-born persons living in Pribraltar, much of the upper-middle class (especially those not educated in Great Kirav), and those parts of the business sector mainly serving foreign clients, as well as the Lusophone community. The PLP holds special appeal for the upper class and many native Pribraltarians with strong localist inclinations.
===Mature Period===
 
===Intermediate Period===
The CPPPR mainly represents the interests of the working class against the generally pro-business PRP and PFLP. It is internally divided between a more hardline Convist and Kirosocialist camp and a more moderate Kiro-social-democratic camp. Its strongest supporters are dockworkers, maritime and construction workers, service workers, and those on public assistance. Many people of Capetian and Sydonan origin support the CPPPR. The CPPPR has officially run on a pro-status quo platform in the modern era, but there is wide disagreement among party members about political status.
===High Period===
 
===Rotten Period===
The Party for Cronan Integration has sidestepped the issue of political status by advocating multilateral integration between Pribraltar and Saint Kennera as equal partners with the Kiravian Federacy, [[The Cape]], Umcara, and whatever the fuck Azi is now, instead of Kiravian statehood or free association. Although it continues to promote Cronan Integration in its communications, the PCI has a vague and elastic plaform on other issues and functions mainly as a catch-all anti-establishment party. Politicians who have resigned or been expelled from their party for whatever reason often defect to the PCI and seek reëlection on its ballot line, with mixed success.
===Huntocracy and End===
 
==Religion==
The strength and rather high cohesion of various voter blocs on the island and the design of the electoral system has created a predictable balance of power in Pribraltar. The anti-statehood parties, having majority support among the electorate, have held a majority in the Válora for almost the entire duration of the current constitution. However, Prime Executive is elected by a two-round system, and the PRP and PFP or PFLP candidates are always the two that advance to the second round. Thus, the PRP candidate usually gains a majority in the second round as more economically left-wing and moderate voters swing toward them. The semi-presidential system ensures that the Executive Council and Prime Secretary are acceptable to both camps. This way of doing things, which is cushioned by strong customs and gentlemen's agreements among the island's small and tight-knit political élite, has been both praised for bringing moderation and stability and criticised for preventing change. Delegacy elections are more competitive due to the instant-runoff voting system and the fact that voting is open not only to Pribraltarian citizens, but also to citizens of the Kiravian Federacy and St. Kennera residing in Pribraltar.
The North Songun civilization and its immediate antecedents shared a common, evolving religious tradition for nearly two millennia. The North Songun religion would come to be more commonly known as ''Nahibianism'', and it emerged out of a milieu of different folk pantheons and shaman traditions in the region, some of which shared a common pre-migration [[Audonia]]n heritage, to become an organized religion with written faith edicts that dominated central [[Crona]] until the beginning of [[The Hunt (Varshan)|the Hunts]] in the 15th century. The central historical figure of the religion was the prophet-king Nahibe, who lived in the period around 150 BC. Nahibe was both king and high priest of the city-state of [[Maktalin]]. Nahibe introduced several major reforms to the prevalent popular religion of the time, and the subsequent success of Maktalin led to the export of his reforms across [[Crona]] until they became considered orthodoxy. Accordingly, North Songun religion can be divided into "pre-Nahibe" and "post-Nahibe" periods, with the latter constituting "Nahibianism".
 
===Law===
The law of Pribraltar includes constitutional law (the Fundamental Statute of Pribraltar and the Tripartite Compacts), statutory law passed by the Válora, and a body of ''réstiálda'' or "cultivated law" comprised of theoretical maxims, customary law, and precedents that have attained ''tōngan'' "consensus". In 21182 the unitary Hāvemat High Court was trifurcated into three high courts: The Court of Public Appeals (which handles constitutional cases, most administrative law, and cases against public bodies), the Court of Affairs (which handles criminal and most civil cases), and the Supreme Administrative Court (which handles admiralty and aviation cases, cases related to corporate affairs, and certain other classes of civil suits designated by statute). Rulings from the three high courts may be appealed to an Ultimate Commission on Judicial Revisions, but this commission rarely meets. The pro-statehood political camp advocates replacing the UCJR with appeals to the Kiravian [[Federal Consistory]].
 
Marital law in Pribraltar is liberal compared to that of Saint Kennera or the Kiravian states. First-cousin marriage is legal (and quite common among some social sectors on the island), and there are no publication requirements or waiting periods required for marriage licences. Unlike most Kiravian states, there are no restrictions on age disparity between adult partners. Although no-fault divorce is not permitted, the divorce process in Pribraltar is procedurally streamlined, numerous "loophole faults" are entertained, and the courts generally accept "no contest" divorces. The civil annulment process for marriages contracted in Pribraltar or at sea within one lunar year of the petition to annul is said to involve only cursory review of written documents and the payment of a fee before a magistrate will sign off. Legislators from the PLP have proposed several bills to legalise no-fault divorce and gender-neutral marriage in order to promote Pribraltar as a wedding destination and divorce haven, but these have been met with strong opposition. Nonetheless [Krasoa divorce obama Pyramid???]
 
==Society and Culture==
[[File:Monte carlo ville.jpg|thumb|Hāverma]]
Pribraltar has a rich and diverse culture shaped by its long history as a trading centre.
 
The Pribraltarian urban upper and middle classes are known for being cosmopolitan, well-educated, and well-travelled. It is customary among them to attend universities in [[Great Kirav]] and [[Sydona]] and to spend years on end living and working in the Kiravian Collectivity, mainland Cronan countries, Cartadania, or Caphiria. This has created an image of Pribraltarian society as "[[Valēka#Major_Islands|Tandhurin]]-on-the-Straits" that has significant basis in reality but masques the island's distinctive local culture and the isolating effects of its island geography, which are seen in its local language, customs and mannerisms, architecture, and cuisine.
 
===Nationality===
Most Pribraltarians hold or are eligible for Kiravian passports by virtue of their [[Kiravian nationality law|Kiravian National (Overseas)]] status. During the occupation, many Pribraltarians were granted KN(O) status to facilitate their resettlement in Great Kirav or to aid members of the resistance movement travelling between the islands and Great Kirav for training and other activities. In 21207, the [[Federal Stanora]] extended this status to all resident islanders of Coscivian, Alkharvian, Celtic, or Tryhstian descent through the [[Index of Kiravian legislation|Overseas Nationality Act (St. Kennera & Pribraltar)]]. Thus, Pribraltarians are Kiravian ''nationals'', but most are only ''citizens'' of Pribraltar. That being said, a significant number of Pribraltarians do hold Kiravian citizenship, having been naturalised in the Federacy or born to naturalised parents before returning to the island after its liberation.
 
Dual-nationality is the norm among Pribraltarian citizens. Treble-nationality - most commonly Pribraltarian-St. Kenneran-Kiravian, but also other combinations, including Pribraltarian-Caphirian-Kiravian among the Hekuvian Coscivian minority - is also frequently encountered, and it is not unheard of for Pribraltar residents to hold or be eligible for even more nationalities. One notable example widely reported in the local press was the case of Gśevril M.B.S. Tamarūdin, a nominee to the Board of Governors of the Pribraltar Monetary Authority. Born in [X-land] and residing in Hāverma at the time, Tamarūdin was alleged by CPPPR legislators to be a national of Pribraltar, the Kiravian Federacy, [X-land], [Y-land], Rumelistan, and [Z-country]. Tamarūdin, an [X-land]-born resident of Hāverma, investment banker, and finance professor at the Trinatria State Univerity, confirmed his Pribraltarian, Kiravian, and [X-landic] nationality, but noted that like most Pribraltarian citizens he only held a Kiravian passport. He acknowledged the possibility that he might "by technicality" hold additional nationalities, but claimed that he had never exercised any citizenship rights elsewhere.
 
===Ethnic Groups===
The majority of people living on Pribraltar are Pribraltarian Coscivians, who are primarily descended from Coscivian clans who migrated across the strait from southern Umcara in the 1300s or whatever and the autocthonous pre-Coscivian inhabitants, known as the Brassicans. Their ancestry also contains admixture from a variety of seafaring Coscivian ethnic groups, particularly Lusem, Kostiatem, and Sea Coscivians; Gaelic and Pretannic Celts; and peoples from nearby countries in Sarpedon, [[Crona]], and [[Alvar]]. In addition, a large number of Coscivians from nearby St. Kennera live and work on Pribraltar as expatriates, and a great many Pribraltarians have some St. Kenneran ancestry.
Other Coscivian ethnic groups with large or significant communities on the island include Ivraīem Coscivians, Keregūlem Coscivians, Lusem Coscivians, Paisonic Coscivians, [[Eshavian Coscivians]], [[Austral Coscivians]], Coscivians with family ties to continental Ixnayan nations like [[Heku]] and [[Insui]], [[Uruvun|Èusan Coscivians]], Halatem Coscivians, Phaerem Coscivians, Tebnem Coscivians, and Eskean Coscivians.
 
People of immigrant origin from [[The Cape]] and [whatever tf Azi is now] make up a very large and rapidly growing share of the population, especially in Hāverma.
 
===Language===
Pribraltarian Coscivian, a dialect of Cronan Coscivian mutually intelligible with St. Kenneran Coscivian, is the main spoken language on the island, and has official status. However, Kiravic Coscivian is used for most business and administrative purposes. The island's largest newspaper, the ''Hāverma Economist'', is written in Kiravic, while the second-largest, the ''Pribraltar Post'', is written in Pribraltarian. Pribraltarian is the main language used in television and radio broadcasts, supplemented by a large number of untranslated segments in Kiravic.
 
Portuguese is very widely spoken on Pribraltar as a second language, and is spoken natively by many people of Capetian, Cartadanian, and Tryhstian origin. Portuguese is offered as a second language in all public schools, and one public school in Hāverma offers elementary education in Portuguese to students from Lusophone households.
 
The other main foreign languages spoken by Pribraltarians are Hekuvian Latin, Ænglish, and Burgonesc. Knowledge of foreign languages is very widespread among Pribraltarians, with many speaking two or more such languages at advanced levels, these being useful skills in an economy driven by international business and tourism.
 
===Religion===
In terms of religion, 41.3% of Pribraltarian permanent residents are Roman Catholic, 19.7% are [[Insular Apostolic Church|Insular Apostolic]], 15.1% are Coscivian Orthodox, 8.3% are Protestant (chiefly Lutheran), 5.3% belong to monotheistic Coscivian religions, 5.2% are Muslim, and 0.7% are Bahá'í, while the remaining 4.4% profess other creeds.
 
The temporary resident population include a large number of Imperial Catholics, Muslims, followers of Alstinian religions, and Judaïsts, among others. As of 21198, seventeen different faith groups maintained places of worship in Hāverma, with many primarily serving temporary workers and visitors rather than native congregations.
 
The [[Church of Dodd|Pribyterian Church of Dodd]] maintains a chapel in Hāverma and a mission in Airport City. A number of business entities connected with the Church of Dodd, including DoddWorks Global, Anointed Capital Tours SAK, McPrib Franchise Real Estate International, and YesAnd! Global Marketing SAK, are registered and headquartered in Pribraltar.
===Education===
Pribraltar has a well-educated populace, with universal literacy and very high rates of functional literacy, and high rates of post-secondary educational attainment. The state provides a public school system administered on an island-wide basis by the Pribraltar Education Commission under the supervision of the Secretariat of Education. However, some 44% of Pribraltarian students are enrolled in private, religious, or charter schools, which are subject to regulation by the Secretariat of Education but independently operated.
 
Opportunities for higher education on the island itself are somewhat limited, largely as a result of the Pribraltarian upper- and middle classes' long tradition of attending universities in Great Kirav and Sydona. The three largest institutes of higher learning on Pribraltar are the General College System (a community college system with four campuses across the island), St. Bran's College of Hāverma, and the Hāverma Economics and Management Institute. There is currently no state university, though the government has put forward plans to expand the island's law school into a full-fledged university within the next decade. Pribraltar's integration with the Kiravian Federacy, liberal registration policies, and minimal oversight of private colleges have allowed it to become a hub for minor educational institutions ranging from small, specialised graduate schools (mostly dedicated to business and related fields) to "offshore" dental and osteopathic schools to institutions of dubious legitimacy (some of which are known {{wp|degree mills}}).
 
==Economy==
[[File:PortofGibraltar2.jpg|thumb|Old Docks]]
The economy of Pribraltar is shaped heavily by its geography as a small island in a strategic strait. Maritime trade, ship repair, {{wp|offshore finance}}, tourism, and reëxports are the main drivers of economic growth. A strong service sector meets the needs of the island's population and caters to the thousands of tourists and business travellers who visit Pribraltar annually.
 
The financial services sector is driven mainly by offshore banking, group investment instruments, insurance (particularly maritime insurance, captive- and self-insurance, and reïnsurance), and international speculation. A stock exchange, the Pribraltar-Hāverma Securities Exchange, operates from Hāverma. Pribraltar is the jurisdiction of choice for organising {{wp|Special-purpose entity|special-purpose vehicles}} benefitting Kiravian companies. Upwards from 90% of {{wp|orphan structures}} used for securitisation transactions to be traded on Kiravian exchanges are domiciled in Pribraltar.


Nahibe's reforms were traditionally understood to have been a single, comprehensive era of spiritual enlightenment that fundamentally changed the North Songun religion. This view was first articulated in around the 4th century AD and became acknowledged fact. However, recent scholarship suggests that Nahibe's reforms were actually the innovations of several different Prophets over the course of the existence of that institution, and critically, also included some views across the North Songun world that were emergent at the time of the birth of Nahibe. Regardless of the source of the material, the "Nahibian era", beginning with his ascension to the kingship of Maktalin in 129 BC and ending with the death of the last Prophet in [[104]] AD, represented a genuine religious revolution in [[Crona]] that created an organized religion out of a varied faith tradition.
The largest Pribraltarian-owned, non-strictly-financial company with significant corporate operations on the island is KMT Corporation, nucleus of the KMT Group, a diversified multinational with holdings in shipping, transportation, commodities exchange, finance, real estate, food & beverage industry, and retail, among other sectors. The KMT Group grew out of the Keregūlan Merchants of the Tropics Company, a Kiravian joint-stock mercantile company chartered in the [1500s], and played a central role in the settlement and development of Pribraltar. KMT Pribraltar Airways, an airline with robust passenger and cargo divisions, is the largest single private employer in Pribraltar.  


Nahibianism was the predominant religion in central Crona from a few years after the death of Nahibe until the destruction of the North Songun civilization. In its place, various regional strains of [[Arzalism]] became predominant with the geopolitical ascendancy of [[Varshan]]. Many holdouts were captured during [[The Hunt (Varshan)|the Hunts]] and died in slavery in Varshan, with their children educated in the [[Orthodox Arzalism|Orthodox Arzalist]] worldview. Scholars believe that a Nahibianist plurality likely existed in the North Songun area until the late 17th century, having been replaced by more popular folk religions, Arzalism, and newly arriving Christianity. The issue of whether or not Nahibianism ever fully became extinct is extremely contentious, as the religion became popular as an expression of national cultural identity in [[Kelekona]] and [[Titechaxha]] in the late 19th century. Adherents in those countries state they are continuing the milennia-old religious tradition, while a small majority of Occidental scholars argue they are part of a Romantic religious revival.
A loophole written into Kiravian anti-gambling legislation makes Pribraltar one of only two jurisdictions (the other being the Daxian island [[Zhijun]]) from which online gambling services may be provided to customers in the Kiravian Federacy.  
===Pre-Nahibian===
Pre-Nahibian religion in the North Songun civilization coalesced as a shared set of basic beliefs emerging along trade routes in the 8th century BC, though significant regional variation existed everywhere. The most common form of the Pre-Nahibian Pantheon recognized a core set of eight gods, though this figure could increase with local deities depending on location. These were: '''Chamaix''', the god of land and the creator god; '''Chiramurcane''', the god of the sea and the underworld; '''Maxikulana''', wife of Chamaix (sister of Ixpuyarcana) and goddess of plants, agriculture, growing, and generally all things "green" on the earth; '''Ixpuyarcana''', wife of Chiramurcane (sister of Maxikulana) and goddess of aquatic animals generally, including fish as well as amphibians; '''Chiquetxoana''', goddess of death, deserts, and rot (but not of the underworld) and sister of the "two wives"; '''Kinichzo''', god of war and son of Chamaix and Chiquetxoana; '''Hunautab''', god of the night, the moon, generally ascribed to be god of mischeif, trickery, and thievery, and; '''Chivohuano''', god of fire and light. Hunautab and Chivohuano are usually considered the "sky twins" and were viewed as the sons of Chamaix with Maxikulana. The mythology of the pre-Nahibian pantheon typically involved various familial relations and rivalries between the gods, and these relations were used to explain important world events. For example, Chiquetxoana fooling Chamaix and laying with him to create Kinichzo was used to explain the end of "primordial peace" among early created humankind. The gods were generally thought to all be emanations or children of Chamaix in some way. Besides the regional deities, archaeology also suggests as many as four additional gods could have been widespread in early central Crona, but scholars also believe it is possible shared depictions and aspects among otherwise unrelated regional gods may explain this phenomena.


Worship to the eight gods was the primary aim of the Pre-Nahibian religious consensus, with most cities and colonies having temples fo all eight gods plus any regional deities. Each god required a different type of animal sacrifice, and evidence suggests the period just before the Nahibian reform featured an increasingly complex and legalistic approach to sacrifice. Over time, most cities and polities became more closely associated with one of the gods while maintaining worship to all eight, and accordingly North Songun cities increasingly began to have differing sized temples to accommodate their particular devotions. Based on the writings of Nahibe and other archaeological evidence suggesting religious conflict, this "asymmetric worship" was an increasing cause of social anxiety and division in early North Songun civilization.
Pribraltar is its own {{wp|flag state}} for the purposes of admiralty law, and maintains its own {{wp|open ship registry}}, along with registration policies and operating regulations favourable to owners. The Pribraltarian Merchant Vessel Registry is an important source of public revenue that helps the Government of Pribraltar to finance itself while maintaining a low-tax environment. Pribraltar is also a rising venue for {{wp|aircraft registration}}.


Pre-Nahibian had a mix of regional legends which formed the basis of what might be called "scripture", plus a very small number of written texts - no more than three or four - shared by everyone. As the North Songun world became more integrated over time, legends from far-flung places like [[Telonaticolan]] became known to the people of [[Kelekona]] and vice versa, creating what scholars surmise was a sometimes-contradictory body of myth and legend.
Pribraltar's small agricultural sector, constrained by the island's size and rugged terrain, has struggled to compete against imports from the Kiravian Federacy, Tierrador, the Cape, Cartadania, and Caphiria. Even in the market for locally-sourced produce preferred by affluent residents and upsacale restaurants, Pribraltarian farmers face competition from their counterparts in nearby St. Kennera, where the terrain is more conducive to agriculture and farm subsidies are more generous.


This religious tradition stressed the importance of the natural world, and eschewed a spiritual afterlife as commonly understood by most religions. Instead, it posited the existence of a physical underworld below the sea while a physical afterlife beyond the sea. In some early stories from this period, people could occasionally {{wp|reincarnation|return}} from the Land Abroad, albeit in a form altered by the gods and with no memory of their journey. Most proto- and early North Songun settlements along the sea are archaeologically characterized by large numbers of human remains placed off-shore. This, combined with surviving narratives, confirms that pre-Nahibians believed that individuals would either sail to the afterlife or sink to the underworld in a physical way. This belief inspired North Songunites to send the condemned abroad on what became known as [[Heaven Ships]], in hopes that these criminals or undesirables would still be guided to the afterlife despite their sins in this life. Historians and medieval North Songun writers generally believed that Nahibe introduced the concept of spiritualism to the North Songun world, but subsequent research indicates a growing rejection of the traditional materialism of pre-Nahibianism was likely in the lead up to Nahibe's reforms.
===Public Finance===
The Government of Pribraltar is financed largely by {{wp|land value tax}}, a flat {{wp|capitation tax}} on permanent residents, administrative fees (corporate, maritime, licensing, and other registration fees; entry fees charged to visitors), and stamp duties.


Religious scholars generally do not agree about how extensive the "pre-Nahibian consensus" was throughout Crona. A minority view expresses that it was functionally as far north and west as Anzo and the future [[Varshan]]i heartland, citing similarities between Kinichzo, Hunautab, and early aspects of Arzalism's [[Orthodox_Arzalism#The_Raid_God|Raid God]]. A small majority view says pre-Nahibianism only spread about as far as the later full extent of the North Songun civilization.
==See Also==
疾病 巨蟹


===Nahibianism===
[[Category:Semi-presidential republics]]


==Achievements==
===Architecture and the arts===
===Written histories===
===Medicine===
===Wealth===
==Cultural aftermath==
===Post-Songun civilization===
The term "post-Songun civilization" has been used by some cultural scholars to refer collectively to the culture of middle Crona - especially modern [[Kelekona]], [[Telonaticolan]], and [[Titechaxha]]. All three states claim a cultural heritage from the North Songun civilization, but the post-medieval heavy influence of [[Varshan]] and the [[Occident]] transformed the culture of these peoples to a distinct heritage from their ancestors.
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:Crona]]
[[Category:Islands]]

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