Incarceration in Kiravia and Takatta Loa: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Takatta Loa
|native_name = ''Jomria'ari Takatta Loa'' <small>(Insuo Loa)</small> <br>
|common_name = Takatta Loa
|image_flag = NEWTACOFLAG.png
|image_flag2 =
|national_motto = Nakui'i hikabisi nisuna kata nahaju mata'a <small>(Insuo Loa)</small>
|englishmotto = <small>WIP</small>
|national_anthem = Under the Banyan's Shade
|royal_anthem =
|other_symbol_type =
|other_symbol =
|image_map =
|loctext =
|capital = Ninao
|largest_city = Disa'adakuo
|official_languages = Insuo Loa
|national_languages =
|regional_languages =
|languages_type = Minority languages
|languages =
|ethnic_groups =
* Isi Loa
* Safa Loa
* Teuoko Loa
* Kaua'a Loa
*
|ethnic_groups_year = 2030
|religion = [[Kapuhenasa]]
|demonym = Loa
|government_type = Constitutional Theocracy
|leader_title1 = Incarnate
|leader_name1 = Sedanraia, Incarnate of Natano
|legislature = Four Houses
|upper_house = Closed Houses of Queens and Orders
|lower_house = Open Houses of Commons and Chieftains
|established_event1 = Settlement Period
|established_date1 = 1700 BCE - 650 BCE
|area_km2 = 658763.476
|area_sq_mi = 254350
|percent_water =
|area_label = Total area
|area_label2 = Total land area
|area_data2 =
|population_census =  124,562,985
|population_census_year = 2030
|population_density_km2 = 190
|population_density_sq_mi = 490
|GDP_nominal = $4,675,285,076,245
|GDP_nominal_year = 2030
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $37,533.50
|Gini =
|Gini_year =
|HDI_year =
|HDI =
|HDI_change =
|currency = Loa Luo
|currency_code = LLU
|time_zone =
|utc_offset =
|time_zone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|antipodes =
|date_format =
|electricity =
|drives_on = Left
|cctld =
|iso3166code =
|calling_code =
|area_rank=|GDP_PPP=|GDP_PPP_year=|today=}}
'''Takatta Loa''', officially known as the '''Republic of Takatta Loa''', is a nation approximately 254,350 miles in area and located on the subcontinent [[Vallos]], which is located on [[Sarpedon]]. Takatta Loa is predominantly wet, tropical rainforest, with a seasonal monsoon. The environment makes for an exceptionally biodiverse region, with many of the indigenous plants and animals being found only elsewhere on Vallos and nowhere else in the world. It shares a border with its northern neighbor of [[Almadaria]].


'''Incarceration''' is one form of {{wp|criminal punishment}} provided for by the [[Should have been|laws of the Kiravian Federacy and its states and provinces]]. Well over 90% of prisoners in Kiravia are held in the correctional systems of individual [[Kiravian federalism|provinces]] and ''[[Urom]]'' autonomies. The remainder are held in the federal prison system, administered by the [[Federal Penal and Custodial Service|Federal Penal Authority]], which is subordinate to the [[Executive_College#Members|Chief Executive for the Justiciary]].
Modern day Takatta Loa is a constitutional theocracy, with the Order of Natano being the official rulers of the republic, but holding mostly ceremonial powers and very limited legislative powers. The four legislative Houses, divided broadly into Open (elected officials) and Closed (hereditary or very limited electorate), hold the powers of government. In particular, the Open Houses are the primary legislative, administrative and security focused bodies while the Closed Houses form the national budget and oversee healthcare and education. All four of the legislative houses are involved in the legislative voting process, however.
 
The Empire of Takatta Loa was a rump state of the [[Kiravia|Kiravian]] proxy-colony of the same name, and was the direct predecessor of modern day Takatta Loa. Founded in 1699 and collapsing in 1875, the Empire at one point held all of southern Vallos before much of the colonial territory broke free following the death of Empress Tia'atiauela II, the second empress. Throughout the late 1700s and 1800s, the Empire underwent an intense process of "Loafication" wherein the mainland populations were forced to adopt Loa writing, language and culture. However, this period also resulted in significant religious development of the indigenous [[Kapuhenasa]], which led to the development of organized and advanced entomantic orders. Modern Takatta Loa was officially founded in 1897 by Incarnate Toato Ani of the Order of Natano following the collapse of the Empire and the resulting [[Takatta Civil War]]. At the time, it was functionally an absolute theocracy with the Order regulating all aspects of life to conform to its political theology, and it also resulted in the freedom of Takatta Loa from Kiravian influence. Bolstered by sudden economic freedom, the Order sought to advance the economy beyond the previous plantations that served to enrich Kiravia. Although economic diversification was successful, significant political oppression resulted in the [[October Rebellion]] of 1952 which nearly overthrew the Order. After the death of Incarnate Ngatono in 1967, his successor Incarnate Sunuata began to negotiate with significant revolutionaries, royalty and the other influential entomantic orders. In 1970, the state was offically converted into the modern Republic of Takatta Loa and the Order of Natano relegated to largely ceremonial functions.
 
Takatta Loa boasts a diverse and still developing economic market. One of the largest industries in the nation is shipping, with Takatta Loa having some of the most robust shipping yards in the world. Further, agriculture still forms a significant portion of income, although it has been largely modernized. In particular, Takatta Loa is the largest producer of ginger and coconut in the world, bringing in around 1.5 and 26 billion taler respectively, and is a very significant producer of the cola used in [[Imperial Cola]], as well as having the oldest bottling plant located outside of [[Paulastra]]. The nation also produces 84% of the world's supply of [[Copium]], which is mostly exported to other countries with a marginal amount remaining in Takatta Loa. There is additionally a very large tourism industry in Takatta Loa, bringing in an estimated 50 billion taler a year. There is an especially large focus on [[Cartadania]], with Cartadanians recieving free tourist visas and the travel company [[LoaMajeste]] aggressively lobbying and advertising in Cartadania for travel to Takatta Loa. Especially, the island of [[Jennasura]] has been developed specifically to attract tourist, to the detriment of the indigenous [[Non-Loa Natives|non-Loa polynesians]]. Currently, there is much development going into the production and research of pharmaceuticals, with [[Rehangi Pharmaceuticals]] being founded and based in Takatta Loa. However, not all economic advancement has been distributed evenly, with the region of [[Akanatoa]] receiving significantly less attention than others. This has resulted in a large drug and arms trade occurring out of Akanatoa. The [[Hoa'akalra Cartel]] in particular has demonstrated separatist tendencies, resulting in the [[Akanatoa War]].
==Etymology==


==History==
==History==
Incarceration ''per se'' as an instrument of criminal justice is a relatively new development in [[Coscivian civilisation]], emerging in a recognisible form only during the {{wp|early modern period}}. Foundational Coscivian legal sources, such as the [[Great Law Chant]], make no mention of incarceration or detention, which would have been highly impractical in what was at that point still a tribal society. Under the First Three Empires, jails existed in large cities like [[Coresxrvon]], and detention in them is known to have been handed down as a sentence. However, such sentences were generally brief in duration, and most inmates of jails were likely confined for other purposes. Similarly, the fortified ''astron'' complexes of the Postclassical Era included holding cells, but these too appear to have been only used for what would now be called administrative detention.


Although there are abundant attestations of punitive forced labour, disciplinary exercises (''uriximandon''), and {{wp|physical restraint}} by premodern Coscivian societies, ''confinement'' as an ordinary criminal penalty appears to have been quite unheard of. Philological evidence demonstrates that this posed a problem for Levantine missionaries and early Kiravian churchmen trying to translate the {{wp|New Testament}} into [[High Coscivian]], as the closest terms in common currency relating to imprisonment referred more properly to the widespread practice of {{wp|Niall_of_the_Nine_Hostages#Origin_of_his_epithet|hostage-taking}}. Indeed, most post-classical Kiravian communities would have lacked the facilities, resources, and enforcement apparatus to incarcerate convicts for extended periods. Offences that might merit imprisonment in other contemporaneous societies were usually penalised by {{wp|judicial corporal punishment|corporal punishment}}, {{wp|banishment}}, or execution.
===Polynesian Settlement===


The revival of incarceration in Kiravian law came about gradually, beginning in the Viceregal Period and accelerating during the Confederal Era in conjunction with larger socio-political developments such as provincialisation,<ref group=Note name=a/> re-urbanisation, and greater codification of criminal law. The industrial era brought a renewed emphasis on penal labour manifested in {{wp|workhouse|workhouses}} and the ''[[Incarceration_in_Kiravia#Facilities|katergon]]''.
The earliest definitive evidence of Polynesian habitation in Vallos dates back to around 1500 BCE, with remnants of distinctly Polynesian house posts being found on the island of Kakurana. The obscure indigenous people of Vallos left little evidence of their housing structures, leaving behind only pottery and arrowheads and axheads, so the emergence of Polynesian post holes in the archeological record is often used to track the advancement of Polynesian culture. As the ancient Polynesians advanced across southern Vallos, native Vallosi arrowheads and axe heads disappeared while Vallosi pottery styles remain and in some cases persist to this day, indicating that the cultural knowledge of indigenous Vallosi women survived in contrast to that of men. Although much of southern Vallos, especially along the rivers, practiced settled agriculture, examinations of middens show a significant amount of foraged game in the diet, suggesting a division of labor along gender lines with women farming and men hunting.


==Legal Basis==
These historical developments align well with the "Vallosi Saga" theory, which states that the Polynesians were met with violence and repelled from Vallos, with later "invasions" of Polynesians supplanting the indigenous Vallosi. Both genetic testing and archeological evidence show that Vallosi women were often integrated and assimilated, with up to 60% of Loa having a significant Vallosi contribution to their mitochondrial DNA, in contrast to Vallosi men who left a very small genetic footprint. An exception is that of the Loa Islands, with many individuals having no Vallosi contribution. Archeological evidence suggests Kakurana and its neighboring islands were uninhabited, and that perhaps the voyages of the Saga theory took place between what would become the Loa Islands and the Vallosi mainland.
The [[Coscivian law|Coscivian legal tradition]] has long held that sentencing serves three main purposes: To correct behaviour and reform character; to protect society from further harm at the hands of the convicted; and to “satisfy justice” by deterring against criminal behaviour and maintaining the public’s confidence that ill deeds are punished. With regard to incarceration, judges may sentence convicts to one of three types of detention:


'''Reformative detention -''' Intended to correct behaviour. [[Shaftonism|Shaftonist philosophy]] emphasises the role of work, regimen, and discipline in shaping and improving character. As such, reformative detention has long focused on {{wp|penal labour}}, strict routines, and physical exercise (sometimes genuinely rehabilitative, more often a useful way to keep prisoners occupied during the day and exhausted during off-hours). Education, religious activities, skill and job training, and prison enterprises have also been incorporated into many reformative detention programmes. During [[Kirosocialism]], ideological instruction and {{wp|Political abuse of psychiatry|psychiatric treatment}} were prominent in the reformative detention process, and in post-Kirosocialist times reformatory programmes have incorporated modern behavioural health services, transition assistance, {{wp|Dodgeball|organised sports}}, community service, and other methods from international rehabilitative justice practice. Reformative sentences range from several months to several (generally less than five) years in duration, though a few are between five and ten years. {{wp|Juvenile justice|Juvenile sentences}} are now considered reformative by default in nearly all provinces, though not by federal courts (which rarely handle juvenile cases). A few provinces, such as [[Fariva]], have abolished any formal distinction between reformative and general detention (see below) and now treat all non-exclusionary detention as reformative in principle. Some provinces and courts have begun to distinguish “substance-rehabilitative detention” (''ɣiso-ādamartávix humdur'') for certain drug infractions as a subclass of reformative detention or a separate concept entirely.
The above-mentioned "Vallosi Saga" project collected oral traditions from across Takatta Loa and southern Vallos and examined for examples of cultural continuity indicating potential historical value. The project led to the aforementioned conclusions of invasion, repellation and later return and supplantation. However, multiple differences were noted between the arrival stories of the Loa and Loa influenced cultures vs the non Loa stories, cementing some of the earliest examples of distinction between the Loa and other Polynesian groups. The typical arrival story tends to have a chieftain or chieftains who sets off on a voyage, often meeting mythological sea creatures along the way, until he arrives in Vallos. There, he encounters settled agriculture and in many stories integrates into a village typically through some great feat of heroism. However, eventually the chieftain and his crew are driven back into the sea where many of them die on the voyage back to the home islands. The chieftain swears vengeance and returns with an army to conquer the Vallosi. This aligns with the Saga theory and although names and details differ across traditions and cultures, this broad archetype remains the same. However, the Loa arrival story differs dramatically in that the Loa apparently are a later Polynesian arrival to Vallos. As such, they arrive on the island of Kakurana and encounter fellow Polynesians. Most notably, the Loa arrived under the guidance of a queen. Whether or not this is the origin of Loa pseudo-matriarchal society or whether Loa society later informed their own origin story is still the cause of much historical debate. Regardless, the Loa story concludes with the queen killing the native king after pretending to become his consort and supplanting his village. All Loa influenced cultures also tend to modify their own arrival stories, with the chieftain dying just after making it home and his queen setting off to avenge him. Experts tend to dismiss these stories as being directly influenced by the Loa and by 19th century attempts to enforce 'Loafication' on the mainland cultures, to evident success.


'''Exclusionary detention -''' Intended to isolate the detainee from society in order to protect {{wp|public safety}}. Exclusionary detention was rather rare for most of Coscivian and Kiravian history, as its purpose was achieved through {{wp|banishment}} or {{wp|capital punishment|execution}} instead. The gradual decline of both banishment and capital punishment, as well as the rise of [[Organised crime in Kiravia|organised crime]] and political violence, have greatly expanded exclusionary detention. Exclusionary detention is handed down for convicts considered to be dangerous and without realistic prospects for reform. Exclusionary detention programmes focus on securely containing inmates, keeping intra-prison crime and disruption down, and enforcing tight restrictions on contact with the outside world. As such, while some work and organised rehabilitative activities may be available to exclusionary detainees, they are more limited in nature and prisoners spend most of their waking hours in their cells. Exclusionary detainees are usually housed in maximum-security or supermax prisons in either the provincial or federal systems. Exclusionary sentences are long (usually ten years to life), and life sentences are considered exclusionary by default. Petitions for parole of exclusionary detainees are rarely considered and, when considered, usually rejected.
===Polynesian Establishment===


{{wp|Preventative detention}} is generally treated as a special form of exclusionary detention by Kiravian jurists.
The period of Polynesian settlement lasted from 1500 to 500 BCE and generally ends with the last significant emergence of Polynesian archeological records in a region, which usually also entailed Polynesian supplantation of the native population. By the 5rd century BCE, wet rice agriculture had become standard across all riverine cultures, resulting in significant increase of Polynesian populations. Although there is no mention or evidence of cultivation of crops besides coconut, ginger and taro in the Polynesian records, the very quick adoption of wet rice agriculture indicates that the new invaders were familiar enough with agriculture to understand the value of rice, as well as the survival of Vallosi women's culture and work.


'''General detention or Unqualified detention -''' Intended to “satisfy justice” or “satisfy the law”, without the expectation of behavioural change or reform, but also not to serve a public safety purpose. Those serving time for many misdemeanours (whether violent or nonviolent) and for most nonviolent felonies are sentenced to general detention. For many crimes in many provinces, reformative detention is prescribed for the first offence, while subsequent offences incur general detention. In practice, the differences between general and reformative detention have blurred in recent decades due to rehabilitative trends in penal policy, and general and reformatory detainees often share the same facilities and similar routines. As noted above, some provinces have merged these categories completely. The main practical distinction between the two is that those sentenced to reformatory detention have more opportunities for parole or early release (conditional on good behaviour, work, etc.) than general detainees, whose sentences are more fixed and who are typically paroled for pragmatic reasons (disease control, overcrowding, budget cuts) rather than “on merit”. Historically, those imprisoned for unpaid debt were considered general detainees, and their sentences were tied to repayment of the debt rather than to fixed periods of time. General detention sentences vary widely in length. Essentially all short, non-juvenile sentences (days to months) applied by Kiravian courts are considered general detention. At the other end of the spectrum, statutory minimum sentences for crimes like {{wp|bank fraud}} have resulted in century-spanning general detention sentences when multiple counts are committed.
Polynesian began to diverge at this time into two very broad cultural distinctions, that of settled riverine agriculturalists and nomadic highland groups of either shifting agriculturalists or hunter gatherers. Both oral records and archeological evidence suggests that Polynesians waged significant warfare as their population moved into the highlands, likely from the last remnants of the southern Vallosi. One battle site yielded a total of 3,500 abandoned arrowheads, almost certainly from the same conflict, as well as large amounts of ash concentrated in one area, presumed to be a large Vallosi village. By 200 BCE, the last of the Vallosi are thought to have been supplanted, although small groups are known to have survived until the 1200s, though there remains no evidence of indigenous Vallosi survival. This also marks the beginning of the Polynesian Iron Age, thought to have originated via trade with the Occident.


One can also speak of “administrative detention”, applied to persons awaiting trial, held temporarily without charge, held in contempt of court, in transit between facilities, or detained for customs/immigration/maritime law purposes.
The presumed reasons for this expansion into areas previously undesired by the new settlers are unclear though Loa scholars have reconstructed a theory of "Highland Transition"' based on riverine archeological sites in mainland Takatta Loa and examination of oral traditions. Evidence suggests that after settling into the lowlands and establishing wet rice agriculture, the Polynesians experienced an unprecedented population boom. The Transition theory suggests that these later Polynesians preserved a cultural response derived from island habitation of voyaging away to settle new lands. However, with Vallos being far larger than any island and with many of these populations being landlocked, the so called "voyagers" led expeditions to lands unsettled by the Polynesians, the highlands. However, the theory also suggests that these voyages were far less successful at establishing larger settlements and so many voyagers attempted to return home. Previous systems of agricultural management were unprepared to accommodate the large population, and so a widespread collapse of populations forced many to flee into the highlands due to famine or war. This incidentally resulted in a fulfilling of the settlement archetype laid out in oral traditions of centuries past, and potentially cementing the story tradition as a fundamental aspect of Polynesian culture even among landlocked groups that had never seen the sea.


==Facilities==
===Polynesian Iron Age===
Kiravia is a large and diverse country, but it is possible to identify several general classes of prisons:


===County Jails===
Lasting from about 200 BCE to 1000 CE, the Polynesian Iron Age is marked by significant growth and development of Polynesian culture including the establishment of large confederacies and literacy. By 200 CE, evidence of population recovery and successful establishment of highland Polynesians began to emerge. Further, oral traditions begin to gain more reliability and a more accurate picture of Polynesian life at this time can be constructed.
By far the most numerous type of incarceration facility, county jails are the first and last stop for the majority of people who enter the Kiravian prison system. They house prisoners held for administrative reasons ({{wp|contempt of court}}, {{wp|pre-trial detention}}) by the county court, as well as convicts serving reformative or general detention sentences ranging from days to 30-60 months. There is typically one jail per county, but some larger counties have several such facilities, while in more sparsely-populated areas several counties may share a joint regional facility for longer-term inmates. Conditions vary, but shorter sentences and greater availability of activities, outdoor time, and visitors keep intra-prison crime toward the lower end of the scale in small and average-sized counties. Since the end of Kirosocialism, many county jails have been keen adopters of rehabilitative justice initiatives and other penal reforms, though this is not uniform across the country. Some county jails, most notably those in some affluent micropolitan counties in [[Vôtaska]] and [[Intravia]], are periodically covered in the news for their dorm-like accommodations and low internal crime rates. However, in many poorer and more remote counties, living conditions for inmates are quite basic and may be unpleasant even for jail. Jails in large, heavily urbanised counties face many of the same challenges as provincial prisons. Most county jails are centred on a single residential building, with some adjoining buildings for special purposes and some secured outdoor spaces, surrounded by high fencing with barbed wire and/or walls. Larger jails are compounds with multiple residential buildings. County jails are broadly medium-security institutions but may have close-security units or outlying minimum-security units.


===Provincial Prisons===
Urban culture advanced significantly during this time and in what would become Takatta Loa, three prominent cities emerged; Disadako, Arai'ia and Husnande (Husunanude in Old Insuo Loa). Each founded around 300 BCE, they were some of the largest economic centers in southern Vallos at the time. Nearly 70,000 people lived in Arai'ia at the time. Although no written records exist during this time, oral traditions record that each city tended to have around three to five kings who vied for power and control. Archeological excavations in the site of Arai'ia and in modern day Disa'adakuo have revealed palaces with many jade and turquoise regalia. These palatial cultures seem to have been the primary administrative centers of the city, but there were often many contemporaneous palaces in a single city, indicating perhaps joint rulership. In addition, separate palaces were associated with specific luxury goods, such as jade materials or a predominant focus on earrings. These have been used to define the extent of a palace’s influence as such artifacts are found in small shrine-like buildings elsewhere in a region, indicating perhaps an extension of the clan spirits and thus the palace’s power. They can also be used to define the length of time a particular palace ruled.
Provinical (State, Territorial, District, Colonial, etc.) prisons are close-security to high-security facilities holding exclusionary detainees and general detainees serving long sentences. Provincial prisons are tightly enclosed, heavily guarded compounds usually comprising 1-3 large, self-contained residential buildings separated by fenced outdoor {{wp|Yards Brewing Company|yards}}, which are monitored from {{wp|Watchtower|guard towers}}. The architecture, procedures, and régime of provincial prisons is focused on preventing escape and cutting down on violence and disorder by keeping prisoners compartmentalised and minimising contact between inmates. Opportunities for self-improvement, work, and recreation are available, but resources of this kind are more limited in provincial prisons than in correctional settlements and many county jails.


Provincial prisons are typically located in remote, underpopulated areas of their province. This is mainly done to provide jobs in underdeveloped areas, but also makes escape more difficult.
===Palatial Kingdoms Era===


Larger states like [[Sydona]], [[Kaviska]], [[Devahoma]], and [[Korlēdan]] also have maximum-security state prisons. Most other provinces maintain maximum-security units within select prisons instead.
The Palatial Era is an overlapping period with the Iron Age starting around roughly 400 CE and ending around 1000 CE. It is heavily associated with the rise of palace cultures and especially with multiple palaces within a city or region competing for power. This period also saw the rise of the first states in Takatta, that of the riverine mainland city states. All of these states arose prior to the development of writing and literacy in Takatta Loa, and two of the palatial states disappeared from the archeological record prior to the establishment of literacy. Aside from these palaces, referred to as Disa'adakuo P3 and Arai'ia P1, four palaces dominated the landscape of the Ahoso river basin; Aiaka in Disa'adakuo, Keikono in Arai'ia, Nagala in Husnande and Ranafaia in Disa'adakuo. It is unlikely that these are the actual names, as they are reconstructed from modern Loa readings of the characters used in their later times.


===Federal Prisons===
These palaces were, at any given time, six of a few dozen or so, and were simply the ones who exerted the most influence. Later writings confirm this, indicating that they received tribute from subordinate palaces. The income from the vassal palaces varied depending on region, but typically consisted of crops or slaves, as well as cowrie shells. Certain palaces, especially Aiaka from 750 CE to 830 CE, amassed such prestige and influence that goods from across the entirety of Takatta Loa, including feathers from the Loa Islands, have been found in the palatial tombs, which were built very far from the site of modern day Disa’adakuo. However, their control was marginal beyond receiving taxes and despite the large armies they often claimed to have, there is very little evidence of warfare during this time. Instead, palaces seemed to have risen and fallen into and from prominence organically as the families that constituted the palaces naturally grew into influence and disintegrated.
Federal prisons are similar in construction and management to provincial prisons, but operated by the Federal Penal Authority and ranging from close-security to maximum-security. As most criminal cases in Kiravia are handled by provincial courts, the federal prison system holds fewer inmates. Federal prisons are less crowded than most provincial prisons in industrialised states, but house some of the “worst-of-the-worst” convicts. There are 30 federal prisons, distributed among the various regions of the home islands and overseas territories. Many are located on offshore islands or coastal promontories, or in circumscribed mountain valleys to foil escapes.
==Geography==


The FPA operates two supermax prisons - [[Ion Xëlkka FP]], located on an island off the coast of [[Ilfenóra|Ilfenóra State]], and [[McGill Flats FP]], located in the middle of a barren plain in the Miradèt Desert in [[Amóxav Territory]]. Ion Xëlkka mainly houses extremely violent inmates and serial escapees transferred from other federal prisons, while McGill Flats is used to hold a small but colourful array of dangerous high-profile and politically sensitive convicts, including top organised crime bosses, {{wp|Euskadi Ta Askatasuna|foreign}} and [[Minor Kiravian Political Parties#Prohibition_Party|domestic terrorists]], prolific cybercriminals, traitors, and spies.
<gallery mode="packed">
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The military justice system also operates prison facilities. These are under federal purview but separate from the Federal Penal Authority's system, and conditions in military prisons are more similar to those in provincial prisons. The [[Kiravian Navy]]'s main onshore brigs are the Fleet Consolidated Prison in County Mirodrin, [[Uruvun|Eusa]] and the Fleet Correctional Installation near [[Tolôn]].
===Ecology===
===Climate and environment===


===Penal Settlements===
==Government and Politics==
'''Provincial Correctional Settlements -''' Known as '''''katergon''''', from the {{wp|Greek language|Istroyan}} ''κάτεργον'', provinical correctional settlements are low-security to medium-security facilities laid out as open-plan complexes and surrounded by walls, fences, and guard towers. ''Katergon'' comprise multiple barracks, which are locked at night but may be open during the day. Some low-security camps may house prisoners in small multiple-occupant huts or cottages. Correctional settlements are work-oriented and house reformative and general detainees, usually for for 2-5 year terms, during which they participate in [[Agriculture in Great Kirav|agricultural]], mining, timber processing, and industrial labour.
===Law===
==Demographics==
===Ethnicity===


'''Federal Penal Settlements -''' As above, but operated by the federal authorities. Many federal ''katergon'' are located in extremely inhospitable parts of the Federacy, such as far northern [[Koskenkorva]] and [[Lataskia]], the [[Saxalin Islands]], the [[Miradèt Desert|Miradèt Cold Desert]], and the [[Great Kirav#Western Highlands|Western Highlands]]. Federal ''katergon'' in the Overseas Regions, such as the [[Atlindarin Katergon]] in [[Thýstara]], are termed “penal colonies”. Minimum-security facilities for low-risk white-collar criminals are termed “penal camps”.
{{Pie chart
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==Diet==
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On the whole, prison food in Kiravia is regarded by the scholarly community as "bad" and "not good". It is standard [[Kiravian cuisine]] stripped down to its bare essentials and usually prepared in a [[brùdispan|half-assed way]]. Most facilities serve the standard [[Occidental civilization|Occidental]] three meals a day, though some ''katergon'' account for {{wp|second breakfast}}. Boiled {{wp|potato}}, {{wp|salt beef}} or salt pork, rye bread, cabbage, oatmeal or [[Agriculture_in_Great_Kirav#Cereals|cuckwheat]] porridge, coffee (sometimes real, sometimes [[Agario#Products|acorn-based]]), and processed meats such as {{wp|scrapple}} are the main staples. Lunch consists almost invariably of {{wp|soup}}. In mainstream slang, a soup that is served cool or in which the potato and vegetables have not been thoroughly softened by boiling is known as a ''æskubilôstum'' or “jail soup”.  County jails tend to rely more heavily on processed food that can be served with minimal on-premises preparation. Food quality and quantity are better in correctional settlements - where prisoners are subject to full-time labour and strenuous exercise - than in prisons, where many wardens have adopted the [[Daxian Aspic|Daxian practice]] of keeping inmates lethargic and placid with filling but calorie-poor foods like {{wp|gelatin}}.
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Kiravian prisons are notable for serving {{wp|beer}} to inmates. In prisons, beer rations are issued at suppertime in {{wp|Solo Cup Company|plastic cups}}, and in ''katergon'' beer may be doled out during the workday. In the winter, ''katergon'' in cold regions often allow prisoners a shot of whiskey or {{wp|Brandy Burre|brandy}} in the morning or during outdoor labour. Standard prison beer is a crappy mass-produced lager that is around 4% ABV and tastes like {{wp|urine|piss}}.
===Language===


===Religion===


{{Pie chart
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| caption = Religious affiliations in Takatta Loa (2026)


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{{reflist|group=Note|refs=
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<ref name=a>In this context, the early modern revival of the Imperial Coscivian provinces as political units and the consolidation of relatively centralised {{wp|Area State|area-states}} superseding more localised and fragmented petty states, chiefdoms, autonomous collectives, etc., with a concomitant process of {{wp|subnationalism|subnationalist}} {{wp|province-building}}</ref>
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[[Category:Stuff in Kiravia]]
 
[[Category:Kiravia]]
===Education===
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[[Category:2023 Award winning pages]]
==Culture and Society==
 
===Education===
 
===Attitudes and worldview===
 
===Kinship and family===
 
===Cuisine===
 
===Religion===
 
===Arts and Literature===
 
===Sports===
 
===Symbols===
 
 
==Economy and Infrastructure==
 
===Industries and Sectors===
 
===Currency===
 
===Healthcare===
 
 
===Labor===
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[[Category:Takatta Loa]]
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:IXWB]]

Revision as of 23:24, 10 August 2023

Republic of Takatta Loa

Jomria'ari Takatta Loa (Insuo Loa)
Flag of Takatta Loa
Flag
Motto: Nakui'i hikabisi nisuna kata nahaju mata'a (Insuo Loa)
WIP
Anthem: Under the Banyan's Shade
CapitalNinao
Largest cityDisa'adakuo
Official languagesInsuo Loa
Ethnic groups
(2030)
  • Isi Loa
  • Safa Loa
  • Teuoko Loa
  • Kaua'a Loa
Religion
Kapuhenasa
Demonym(s)Loa
GovernmentConstitutional Theocracy
• Incarnate
Sedanraia, Incarnate of Natano
LegislatureFour Houses
Closed Houses of Queens and Orders
Open Houses of Commons and Chieftains
Establishment
• Settlement Period
1700 BCE - 650 BCE
Area
• Total area
658,763.476 km2 (254,350.000 sq mi)
Population
• 2030 census
124,562,985
• Density
190/km2 (492.1/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)2030 estimate
• Total
$4,675,285,076,245
• Per capita
$37,533.50
CurrencyLoa Luo (LLU)
Driving sideleft

Takatta Loa, officially known as the Republic of Takatta Loa, is a nation approximately 254,350 miles in area and located on the subcontinent Vallos, which is located on Sarpedon. Takatta Loa is predominantly wet, tropical rainforest, with a seasonal monsoon. The environment makes for an exceptionally biodiverse region, with many of the indigenous plants and animals being found only elsewhere on Vallos and nowhere else in the world. It shares a border with its northern neighbor of Almadaria.

Modern day Takatta Loa is a constitutional theocracy, with the Order of Natano being the official rulers of the republic, but holding mostly ceremonial powers and very limited legislative powers. The four legislative Houses, divided broadly into Open (elected officials) and Closed (hereditary or very limited electorate), hold the powers of government. In particular, the Open Houses are the primary legislative, administrative and security focused bodies while the Closed Houses form the national budget and oversee healthcare and education. All four of the legislative houses are involved in the legislative voting process, however.

The Empire of Takatta Loa was a rump state of the Kiravian proxy-colony of the same name, and was the direct predecessor of modern day Takatta Loa. Founded in 1699 and collapsing in 1875, the Empire at one point held all of southern Vallos before much of the colonial territory broke free following the death of Empress Tia'atiauela II, the second empress. Throughout the late 1700s and 1800s, the Empire underwent an intense process of "Loafication" wherein the mainland populations were forced to adopt Loa writing, language and culture. However, this period also resulted in significant religious development of the indigenous Kapuhenasa, which led to the development of organized and advanced entomantic orders. Modern Takatta Loa was officially founded in 1897 by Incarnate Toato Ani of the Order of Natano following the collapse of the Empire and the resulting Takatta Civil War. At the time, it was functionally an absolute theocracy with the Order regulating all aspects of life to conform to its political theology, and it also resulted in the freedom of Takatta Loa from Kiravian influence. Bolstered by sudden economic freedom, the Order sought to advance the economy beyond the previous plantations that served to enrich Kiravia. Although economic diversification was successful, significant political oppression resulted in the October Rebellion of 1952 which nearly overthrew the Order. After the death of Incarnate Ngatono in 1967, his successor Incarnate Sunuata began to negotiate with significant revolutionaries, royalty and the other influential entomantic orders. In 1970, the state was offically converted into the modern Republic of Takatta Loa and the Order of Natano relegated to largely ceremonial functions.

Takatta Loa boasts a diverse and still developing economic market. One of the largest industries in the nation is shipping, with Takatta Loa having some of the most robust shipping yards in the world. Further, agriculture still forms a significant portion of income, although it has been largely modernized. In particular, Takatta Loa is the largest producer of ginger and coconut in the world, bringing in around 1.5 and 26 billion taler respectively, and is a very significant producer of the cola used in Imperial Cola, as well as having the oldest bottling plant located outside of Paulastra. The nation also produces 84% of the world's supply of Copium, which is mostly exported to other countries with a marginal amount remaining in Takatta Loa. There is additionally a very large tourism industry in Takatta Loa, bringing in an estimated 50 billion taler a year. There is an especially large focus on Cartadania, with Cartadanians recieving free tourist visas and the travel company LoaMajeste aggressively lobbying and advertising in Cartadania for travel to Takatta Loa. Especially, the island of Jennasura has been developed specifically to attract tourist, to the detriment of the indigenous non-Loa polynesians. Currently, there is much development going into the production and research of pharmaceuticals, with Rehangi Pharmaceuticals being founded and based in Takatta Loa. However, not all economic advancement has been distributed evenly, with the region of Akanatoa receiving significantly less attention than others. This has resulted in a large drug and arms trade occurring out of Akanatoa. The Hoa'akalra Cartel in particular has demonstrated separatist tendencies, resulting in the Akanatoa War.

Etymology

History

Polynesian Settlement

The earliest definitive evidence of Polynesian habitation in Vallos dates back to around 1500 BCE, with remnants of distinctly Polynesian house posts being found on the island of Kakurana. The obscure indigenous people of Vallos left little evidence of their housing structures, leaving behind only pottery and arrowheads and axheads, so the emergence of Polynesian post holes in the archeological record is often used to track the advancement of Polynesian culture. As the ancient Polynesians advanced across southern Vallos, native Vallosi arrowheads and axe heads disappeared while Vallosi pottery styles remain and in some cases persist to this day, indicating that the cultural knowledge of indigenous Vallosi women survived in contrast to that of men. Although much of southern Vallos, especially along the rivers, practiced settled agriculture, examinations of middens show a significant amount of foraged game in the diet, suggesting a division of labor along gender lines with women farming and men hunting.

These historical developments align well with the "Vallosi Saga" theory, which states that the Polynesians were met with violence and repelled from Vallos, with later "invasions" of Polynesians supplanting the indigenous Vallosi. Both genetic testing and archeological evidence show that Vallosi women were often integrated and assimilated, with up to 60% of Loa having a significant Vallosi contribution to their mitochondrial DNA, in contrast to Vallosi men who left a very small genetic footprint. An exception is that of the Loa Islands, with many individuals having no Vallosi contribution. Archeological evidence suggests Kakurana and its neighboring islands were uninhabited, and that perhaps the voyages of the Saga theory took place between what would become the Loa Islands and the Vallosi mainland.

The above-mentioned "Vallosi Saga" project collected oral traditions from across Takatta Loa and southern Vallos and examined for examples of cultural continuity indicating potential historical value. The project led to the aforementioned conclusions of invasion, repellation and later return and supplantation. However, multiple differences were noted between the arrival stories of the Loa and Loa influenced cultures vs the non Loa stories, cementing some of the earliest examples of distinction between the Loa and other Polynesian groups. The typical arrival story tends to have a chieftain or chieftains who sets off on a voyage, often meeting mythological sea creatures along the way, until he arrives in Vallos. There, he encounters settled agriculture and in many stories integrates into a village typically through some great feat of heroism. However, eventually the chieftain and his crew are driven back into the sea where many of them die on the voyage back to the home islands. The chieftain swears vengeance and returns with an army to conquer the Vallosi. This aligns with the Saga theory and although names and details differ across traditions and cultures, this broad archetype remains the same. However, the Loa arrival story differs dramatically in that the Loa apparently are a later Polynesian arrival to Vallos. As such, they arrive on the island of Kakurana and encounter fellow Polynesians. Most notably, the Loa arrived under the guidance of a queen. Whether or not this is the origin of Loa pseudo-matriarchal society or whether Loa society later informed their own origin story is still the cause of much historical debate. Regardless, the Loa story concludes with the queen killing the native king after pretending to become his consort and supplanting his village. All Loa influenced cultures also tend to modify their own arrival stories, with the chieftain dying just after making it home and his queen setting off to avenge him. Experts tend to dismiss these stories as being directly influenced by the Loa and by 19th century attempts to enforce 'Loafication' on the mainland cultures, to evident success.

Polynesian Establishment

The period of Polynesian settlement lasted from 1500 to 500 BCE and generally ends with the last significant emergence of Polynesian archeological records in a region, which usually also entailed Polynesian supplantation of the native population. By the 5rd century BCE, wet rice agriculture had become standard across all riverine cultures, resulting in significant increase of Polynesian populations. Although there is no mention or evidence of cultivation of crops besides coconut, ginger and taro in the Polynesian records, the very quick adoption of wet rice agriculture indicates that the new invaders were familiar enough with agriculture to understand the value of rice, as well as the survival of Vallosi women's culture and work.

Polynesian began to diverge at this time into two very broad cultural distinctions, that of settled riverine agriculturalists and nomadic highland groups of either shifting agriculturalists or hunter gatherers. Both oral records and archeological evidence suggests that Polynesians waged significant warfare as their population moved into the highlands, likely from the last remnants of the southern Vallosi. One battle site yielded a total of 3,500 abandoned arrowheads, almost certainly from the same conflict, as well as large amounts of ash concentrated in one area, presumed to be a large Vallosi village. By 200 BCE, the last of the Vallosi are thought to have been supplanted, although small groups are known to have survived until the 1200s, though there remains no evidence of indigenous Vallosi survival. This also marks the beginning of the Polynesian Iron Age, thought to have originated via trade with the Occident.

The presumed reasons for this expansion into areas previously undesired by the new settlers are unclear though Loa scholars have reconstructed a theory of "Highland Transition"' based on riverine archeological sites in mainland Takatta Loa and examination of oral traditions. Evidence suggests that after settling into the lowlands and establishing wet rice agriculture, the Polynesians experienced an unprecedented population boom. The Transition theory suggests that these later Polynesians preserved a cultural response derived from island habitation of voyaging away to settle new lands. However, with Vallos being far larger than any island and with many of these populations being landlocked, the so called "voyagers" led expeditions to lands unsettled by the Polynesians, the highlands. However, the theory also suggests that these voyages were far less successful at establishing larger settlements and so many voyagers attempted to return home. Previous systems of agricultural management were unprepared to accommodate the large population, and so a widespread collapse of populations forced many to flee into the highlands due to famine or war. This incidentally resulted in a fulfilling of the settlement archetype laid out in oral traditions of centuries past, and potentially cementing the story tradition as a fundamental aspect of Polynesian culture even among landlocked groups that had never seen the sea.

Polynesian Iron Age

Lasting from about 200 BCE to 1000 CE, the Polynesian Iron Age is marked by significant growth and development of Polynesian culture including the establishment of large confederacies and literacy. By 200 CE, evidence of population recovery and successful establishment of highland Polynesians began to emerge. Further, oral traditions begin to gain more reliability and a more accurate picture of Polynesian life at this time can be constructed.

Urban culture advanced significantly during this time and in what would become Takatta Loa, three prominent cities emerged; Disadako, Arai'ia and Husnande (Husunanude in Old Insuo Loa). Each founded around 300 BCE, they were some of the largest economic centers in southern Vallos at the time. Nearly 70,000 people lived in Arai'ia at the time. Although no written records exist during this time, oral traditions record that each city tended to have around three to five kings who vied for power and control. Archeological excavations in the site of Arai'ia and in modern day Disa'adakuo have revealed palaces with many jade and turquoise regalia. These palatial cultures seem to have been the primary administrative centers of the city, but there were often many contemporaneous palaces in a single city, indicating perhaps joint rulership. In addition, separate palaces were associated with specific luxury goods, such as jade materials or a predominant focus on earrings. These have been used to define the extent of a palace’s influence as such artifacts are found in small shrine-like buildings elsewhere in a region, indicating perhaps an extension of the clan spirits and thus the palace’s power. They can also be used to define the length of time a particular palace ruled.

Palatial Kingdoms Era

The Palatial Era is an overlapping period with the Iron Age starting around roughly 400 CE and ending around 1000 CE. It is heavily associated with the rise of palace cultures and especially with multiple palaces within a city or region competing for power. This period also saw the rise of the first states in Takatta, that of the riverine mainland city states. All of these states arose prior to the development of writing and literacy in Takatta Loa, and two of the palatial states disappeared from the archeological record prior to the establishment of literacy. Aside from these palaces, referred to as Disa'adakuo P3 and Arai'ia P1, four palaces dominated the landscape of the Ahoso river basin; Aiaka in Disa'adakuo, Keikono in Arai'ia, Nagala in Husnande and Ranafaia in Disa'adakuo. It is unlikely that these are the actual names, as they are reconstructed from modern Loa readings of the characters used in their later times.

These palaces were, at any given time, six of a few dozen or so, and were simply the ones who exerted the most influence. Later writings confirm this, indicating that they received tribute from subordinate palaces. The income from the vassal palaces varied depending on region, but typically consisted of crops or slaves, as well as cowrie shells. Certain palaces, especially Aiaka from 750 CE to 830 CE, amassed such prestige and influence that goods from across the entirety of Takatta Loa, including feathers from the Loa Islands, have been found in the palatial tombs, which were built very far from the site of modern day Disa’adakuo. However, their control was marginal beyond receiving taxes and despite the large armies they often claimed to have, there is very little evidence of warfare during this time. Instead, palaces seemed to have risen and fallen into and from prominence organically as the families that constituted the palaces naturally grew into influence and disintegrated.

Geography

Ecology

Climate and environment

Government and Politics

Law

Demographics

Ethnicity

Self-reported ethnic group in Takatta Loa (2026)

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Language

Religion

Religious affiliations in Takatta Loa (2026)

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Education

Culture and Society

Education

Attitudes and worldview

Kinship and family

Cuisine

Religion

Arts and Literature

Sports

Symbols

Economy and Infrastructure

Industries and Sectors

Currency

Healthcare

Labor

Transportation

Energy

Technology

Military

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