Eberhard Sass and Capital punishment around the world: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox person
{{Update}}
| honorific_prefix  = Professor Doctor
'''{{wp|Capital punishment}}''' has occurred over much of the world in the past. However, in the past century, many countries in the region have abolished the practice. The following summarises the countries and conditions in which capital punishment is legal around the world.
| name              = Eberhard Heinrich Sass
==Legend==
| honorific_suffix  = [[Order of the Kestrel|OC]]
{{colorbox|#008080}}'''Abolitionist''': Capital punishment has been formally abolished by statute or constitution.<br>
| image              = Ørsted,_Hans_Christian_(av_Christian_Albrecht_Jensen_1842).jpg
{{colorbox|#80E000}}'''Abolitionist in peacetime''': Capital punishment has been formally abolished except for crimes committed under exceptional circumstances (such as wartime).<br>
| image_upright      =  
{{colorbox|#E0A040}}'''Abolitionist in practice''': Capital punishment is legal but the country has not executed anyone during the last 10 years and is believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions.<br>
| landscape          = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank -->
{{colorbox|#FF0000}}'''Retentionist''': Capital punishment is legal and is used for ordinary offences.
| alt                = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
==List==
| caption            = Portrait of Sass, 1842
{| class="wikitable sortable"
| native_name        =  
! class="unsortable" |
| native_name_lang  =  
! style="width:13em;" |Country
| pronunciation      =  
! style="width:7em;" |Year implemented
| birth_name        = <!-- only use if different from name -->
! style="width:7em;" |Year of last execution
| birth_date        = {{Birth date|1785|4|11}}
! style="width:7em;" |Year abolished
| birth_place        = [[Nouvelle-Estia]], [[Collinebourg County|Collinebourg]], [[Yonderre]]
! class="unsortable" |Notes
| baptised          = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered -->
|-
| disappeared_date  = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) -->
| bgcolor="#E0A040" |
| disappeared_place  =  
|{{flag|Alstin}}
| disappeared_status =  
| align="center" |1559
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|1859|1|21|1785|4|11}}
| align="center" |1991
| death_place        = [[Gabion]], [[Vandarcôte County]]
| align="center" |In effect
| death_cause        =
|TBA
| body_discovered    =  
|-
| resting_place      =
| bgcolor="#FF0000" |
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
|{{flag|Burgundie}}
| burial_place      = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) -->
| align="center" |Antiquity
| burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| align="center" |2034
| monuments          =
| align="center" |In effect
| nationality        = [[Yonderre|Yonderian]]
|The death penalty in [[Burgundie]] has existed since antiquity. The death penalty is reserved for violent crimes known in [[Burgundie]] as "crimes of power" such as sexual crimes (especially rape and pedophilia), serial murder, systemic abuse (physical and emotional), and treason. [[Burgundie]] is unique among developed nations for also having a legal concept for vigilantism. Called ''Deuagant'' (Eng. taken from God), it is a non-sanctioned execution that is defensible in the community in which it occurs. This construct is not formally sanctioned by the [[Government of Burgundie#Judicial Brand|Lazarine Court]], but if there is not a subsequent outcry cases are not common against the community in which it occurred. While ''Deuagant'' is not a proven deterrent to sexual crimes, in particular, [[Burgundie]] does have a one of the lowest sexual crimes reporting rates in the [[Occidental world]].
| other_names        =
|-
| siglum            =
| bgcolor="#FF0000" |
| citizenship        =  
|{{flag|Bussdaberria}}
| education          =
| align="center" |1954
| alma_mater        = [[University of Collinebourg]]
| align="center" |2039
| occupation        = {{wpl|Physics}}<br>{{wpl|Chemistry}}
| align="center" |In effect
| years_active      = 1803-1859
|Stipulated by the Treaty of Kartika, Bussdaberria is allowed under extraordinary circumstances to enforce the death penalty to "any-and-all henious crimes against life itself". This has conflicting interpertation, the death penalty was disused since 1961 until 1997; with the takeover of the Regency Council, most offenses depending on severity of murders over the years expanding further and further categories. It started to include rapes, drug trafficking etc. Bussdaberria currently has the highest amount of executions per year.
| era                =  
|-
| employer          =  
| bgcolor="#E0A040" |
| organization      =
|{{flag|Caphiria}}
| agent = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source -->
| align="center" |Antiquity
| known_for          = Producing the world's first near-pure aluminium
| align="center" |2030
| notable_works      = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" -->
| align="center" |In effect
| style              =
|Capital punishment is lawful and has existed since antiquity though in modern times it has faced criticism. Today, it is reserved for the most heinous crimes: rape, murder, terrorism, treason and espionage.
| home_town          =
|-
| net_worth          = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| bgcolor="#008080" |
| height            = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
|{{flag|Carna}}
| television        =  
| align="center" |Antiquity
| title              = <!-- Formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) -->
| align="center" |1957
| term              =  
| align="center" |1961
| predecessor        =
|
| successor          =
|-
| party              =
| bgcolor="#008080" |
| movement          =  
|{{flag|Cartadania}}
| opponents          =
| align="center" |Antiquity
| boards            =  
| align="center" |2021
| criminal_charges  = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources -->
| align="center" |2026
| criminal_penalty  =
|The death penalty in Cartadania was first used as a punishment during the overthrow of Cartadania's first government in the [[Ano Vermelho]]. It had been used throughout the years usually in extreme crimes and during upscale wars. While legal for many years, the Department of Justice had recommended it be phased out in favor of other methods in the early 2010s. Progress towards abolition had stalled in the early years of the 2020s, however, failing to make it completely to the Senate floor due to lack of interest. In 2025, however, the Supreme Court partially struck down the use of capital punishment in Cartadania as "Human dignity shall be inviolable. To respect and protect it shall be the duty of all state authority." and consequently ordered Congress and all states to comply. Consequently, as of 12:01AM local time on 1 January 2026, most usage of the death penalty has ceased, and people who were on track to be executed (a minute amount) have been returned to their normal holding. This provision, however, does not apply to what is referred to as "Class 0" felonies (e.g., genocide, use of deadly weapon in a public place like a school, or severe foreign acts of war), so the status is called into question. Despite this, due to the time since the most recent execution and the strike down occurring after, the country is considered to be an abolitionist.
| criminal_status    =
|-
| spouse            = Natasha Sass (née von Höhen) (m. 1806-1859)
| bgcolor="#FF0000" |  
| partner            = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) -->
|{{flag|Eldmora-Regulus}}
| children          = 4
| align="center" |Antiquity
| parents            =
| align="center" |2021
| mother            = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| align="center" |In effect
| father            = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
|The death penalty is still in effect in Eldmora-Auregulus, it's primarily reserved for cases involving violent rape, serial murder, pedophilia, treason, terrorism and systemic abuse.
| relatives          =  
|-
| family            =
| bgcolor="#FF0000" |
| callsign          =
|{{flag|Faneria}}
| awards            = [[Order of the Kestrel]]
| align="center" |Antiquity
| website            = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| align="center" |2027
| module            =  
| align="center" |In effect
| module2            =  
|Death sentences in Faneria are generally reserved for cases involving murder, treason, violent rape, and occasionally the systematic abuse of dependents. While the practice of branding or tattooing felons for these crimes is far more common alongside prison time, the death penalty is still exercised on occasion for homicides, terrorism, and conspiracy against the state.
| module3            =  
|-
| module4            =
| bgcolor="#008080" |
| module5            =
|{{flag|Fiannria}}
| module6            =  
| align="center" |Antiquity
| signature          = Sass signature ixwiki.png
| align="center" |1952
| signature_size    =  
| align="center" |1955
| signature_alt      =  
|While protest to the Death Penalty can be traced back to the early 20th century, it was not until after the Great War to legislative action took place nationwide to affirm every human being, even the worst among them, are indeed human and deserve the right to life.
| footnotes          =  
|-
}}
| bgcolor="#80E000" |
 
|{{flag|Hendalarsk}}
'''Eberhard Heinrich Sass''' (April 11, 1785 – January 21, 1859) was a [[Yonderre|Yonderian]] professor of physics and chemistry, best known for his discovery of the world's first known near-pure aluminium, being the first person to successfully produce aluminium in its metallic state, albeit in a less-than-pure form.
| align="center" |Antiquity
 
| align="center" |1926
Sass led a long and successful career as a professor at the [[University of Collinebourg]] before retiring in 1851. A leading scientific figure of the [[Yonderian Golden Age]], his work inspired that of subsequent scientists like [[Rachet d'Everard (physicist)|Rachet d'Everard]].
| align="center" |Abolished in peacetime, in effect in wartime
 
| Historical distaste towards the death penalty in Hendalarsk was only intensified by the mass atrocities perpetrated in the course of the [[Hendalarskara Civil War]]. The last civil executions in the country consequently took place in 1926, targeting key fascist rebel leaders. The country nevertheless reserves the right to implement the death penalty during wartime for particular war-related crimes (principally espionage for a foreign power and crimes against humanity) subsequent to approval by the [[Great Chamber]], although due to Hendalarsk's largely non-aligned and non-interventionist foreign policy since the Civil War this scenario has not yet come to pass.
==Biography==
|-
Eberhard Heinrich Sass was born in 1785 as the second son of apothecary Sören Sass and his wife Ingrid (née Pättling). Due to his father's wealth, Sass received an expensive education at the university-adjacent [[Collinebourg School of Excellency]] from the age of six. As a young boy he developed an interest in science while working for his father. Eberhard Sass and his older brother Killian both excelled academically and were accepted into the [[University of Collinebourg]] simultaneously in 1803, although Killian was killed in a duel with a fellow student during their first year at the university. Eberhard otherwise excelled during his scholarship, studying physics and chemistry. Graduating with a doctorate in chemistry, Sass soon took up a lectorate at the [[University of Collinebourg]].
| bgcolor="#E0A040" |
 
|{{flag|Kiravia}}
In 1808, [[Bergendii]] [[Eviand d'Estac|Dr. Eviand-Marceaux Rexard d'Estac]] had predicted the existence of the metal which he gave the name of alumium. However his attempts to isolate it using electrolysis processes were unsuccessful; the closest he came was an aluminium-iron alloy. Sass succeeded in isolating the metallic form by reacting aluminium chloride with potassium amalgam (an alloy of potassium and mercury) and then boiling away the mercury, which left small "chunks" of metal that he described as appearing similar to tin. He presented his results and a sample of the metal at meetings of the [[University of Collinebourg]] in early 1826, but otherwise appears to have considered his discovery to be of limited importance.
| align="center" |Antiquity
 
| align="center" |2034
This ambivalence, coupled with the limited audience for the [[University of Collinebourg]]'s journal in which the results had been published, meant that the discovery went mostly unnoticed by the wider scientific community at the time. Busy with other work, it was not until 1845 that Sass once again worked on aluminium, isolating a quantity of solid metal sufficient for him to describe some of its physical properties.
| align="center" |In effect
 
|Capital punishment is lawful in the federal court system, most state and territorial courts, and the military justice system. Some states have abolished capital punishment - either entirely or for all ordinary crimes - while many more have discontinued capital punishment in practice, both with and without formal moratoria, but have not abolished it. Though most often handed down for (usually aggravated) murders and (in some states) aggravated rapes, it may also be used as a penalty for espionage, treason, piracy, perfidy and other military crimes, aircraft hijacking, and train derailment. A few jurisdictions, such as [[Kyllera]], allow capital punishment for arson and horse theft. {{wp|Firing squad}} is the standard method of execution.
Sass retired to [[Gabion]], [[Vandarcôte County]] in 1851 and lived out his final days in relative obscurity there.
|-
 
| bgcolor="#FF0000" |
==See also==
|{{flag|Metzetta}}
* [[Rachet d'Everard (physicist)|Rachet d'Everard]]
| align="center" |Antiquity
* [[Yonderian Golden Age]]
| align="center" |2022
* [[Eviand d'Estac]]
| align="center" |In effect
 
| Capital punishment is lawful for extreme crimes including serial murder, paedophilia, acts of terror and treason.
[[Category:Yonderre]]
|-
[[Category:Yonderians]]
| bgcolor="#E0A040" |
[[Category:People]]
|{{flag|Urcea}}
[[Category:University of Collinebourg]]
| align="center" | Antiquity
[[Category:Canonical Article]]
| align="center" |1976
{{Template:Award winning article}}
| align="center" |In effect
[[Category:2023 Award winning pages]]
|The death penalty in Urcea has existed since antiquity. The death penalty is reserved for specific [[Criminal_justice_system_of_Urcea#A1-3_Felony|Class A felonies]], but is not in functional use.
|-
| bgcolor="#E0A040" |
|{{flag|Vithinja}}
| align="center" |Antiquity
| align="center" |1984
| align="center" |In effect
|
|-
| bgcolor="#FF0000" |
|{{flag|Puertego}}
| align="center" | Since colonization
| align="center" | 2030
| align="center" | In effect
|The death penalty in Puertego has existed in Puertego since the nation was first colonized and has been used commonly every since with it rarely ever coming up as an issue in political discussion, the death penalty is used in crimes such as murder, rape, pedophilia, terrorism, treason, espionage, selling narcotics, human trafficking, and getting multiple counts of violent offenses such as armed robbery or assault, executions in Puertego are preformed via hanging or firing squad with an average of 44 execution preformed a year.
|}
{{Template:B.I.S NavBox}}
[[Category:Bureau of International Statistics]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:Law]]

Revision as of 13:42, 11 August 2023

Capital punishment has occurred over much of the world in the past. However, in the past century, many countries in the region have abolished the practice. The following summarises the countries and conditions in which capital punishment is legal around the world.

Legend

    Abolitionist: Capital punishment has been formally abolished by statute or constitution.
    Abolitionist in peacetime: Capital punishment has been formally abolished except for crimes committed under exceptional circumstances (such as wartime).
    Abolitionist in practice: Capital punishment is legal but the country has not executed anyone during the last 10 years and is believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions.
    Retentionist: Capital punishment is legal and is used for ordinary offences.

List

Country Year implemented Year of last execution Year abolished Notes
 Alstin 1559 1991 In effect TBA
 Burgundie Antiquity 2034 In effect The death penalty in Burgundie has existed since antiquity. The death penalty is reserved for violent crimes known in Burgundie as "crimes of power" such as sexual crimes (especially rape and pedophilia), serial murder, systemic abuse (physical and emotional), and treason. Burgundie is unique among developed nations for also having a legal concept for vigilantism. Called Deuagant (Eng. taken from God), it is a non-sanctioned execution that is defensible in the community in which it occurs. This construct is not formally sanctioned by the Lazarine Court, but if there is not a subsequent outcry cases are not common against the community in which it occurred. While Deuagant is not a proven deterrent to sexual crimes, in particular, Burgundie does have a one of the lowest sexual crimes reporting rates in the Occidental world.
 Bussdaberria 1954 2039 In effect Stipulated by the Treaty of Kartika, Bussdaberria is allowed under extraordinary circumstances to enforce the death penalty to "any-and-all henious crimes against life itself". This has conflicting interpertation, the death penalty was disused since 1961 until 1997; with the takeover of the Regency Council, most offenses depending on severity of murders over the years expanding further and further categories. It started to include rapes, drug trafficking etc. Bussdaberria currently has the highest amount of executions per year.
 Caphiria Antiquity 2030 In effect Capital punishment is lawful and has existed since antiquity though in modern times it has faced criticism. Today, it is reserved for the most heinous crimes: rape, murder, terrorism, treason and espionage.
 Carna Antiquity 1957 1961
 Cartadania Antiquity 2021 2026 The death penalty in Cartadania was first used as a punishment during the overthrow of Cartadania's first government in the Ano Vermelho. It had been used throughout the years usually in extreme crimes and during upscale wars. While legal for many years, the Department of Justice had recommended it be phased out in favor of other methods in the early 2010s. Progress towards abolition had stalled in the early years of the 2020s, however, failing to make it completely to the Senate floor due to lack of interest. In 2025, however, the Supreme Court partially struck down the use of capital punishment in Cartadania as "Human dignity shall be inviolable. To respect and protect it shall be the duty of all state authority." and consequently ordered Congress and all states to comply. Consequently, as of 12:01AM local time on 1 January 2026, most usage of the death penalty has ceased, and people who were on track to be executed (a minute amount) have been returned to their normal holding. This provision, however, does not apply to what is referred to as "Class 0" felonies (e.g., genocide, use of deadly weapon in a public place like a school, or severe foreign acts of war), so the status is called into question. Despite this, due to the time since the most recent execution and the strike down occurring after, the country is considered to be an abolitionist.
 Eldmora-Regulus Antiquity 2021 In effect The death penalty is still in effect in Eldmora-Auregulus, it's primarily reserved for cases involving violent rape, serial murder, pedophilia, treason, terrorism and systemic abuse.
 Faneria Antiquity 2027 In effect Death sentences in Faneria are generally reserved for cases involving murder, treason, violent rape, and occasionally the systematic abuse of dependents. While the practice of branding or tattooing felons for these crimes is far more common alongside prison time, the death penalty is still exercised on occasion for homicides, terrorism, and conspiracy against the state.
 Fiannria Antiquity 1952 1955 While protest to the Death Penalty can be traced back to the early 20th century, it was not until after the Great War to legislative action took place nationwide to affirm every human being, even the worst among them, are indeed human and deserve the right to life.
 Hendalarsk Antiquity 1926 Abolished in peacetime, in effect in wartime Historical distaste towards the death penalty in Hendalarsk was only intensified by the mass atrocities perpetrated in the course of the Hendalarskara Civil War. The last civil executions in the country consequently took place in 1926, targeting key fascist rebel leaders. The country nevertheless reserves the right to implement the death penalty during wartime for particular war-related crimes (principally espionage for a foreign power and crimes against humanity) subsequent to approval by the Great Chamber, although due to Hendalarsk's largely non-aligned and non-interventionist foreign policy since the Civil War this scenario has not yet come to pass.
 Kiravia Antiquity 2034 In effect Capital punishment is lawful in the federal court system, most state and territorial courts, and the military justice system. Some states have abolished capital punishment - either entirely or for all ordinary crimes - while many more have discontinued capital punishment in practice, both with and without formal moratoria, but have not abolished it. Though most often handed down for (usually aggravated) murders and (in some states) aggravated rapes, it may also be used as a penalty for espionage, treason, piracy, perfidy and other military crimes, aircraft hijacking, and train derailment. A few jurisdictions, such as Kyllera, allow capital punishment for arson and horse theft. Firing squad is the standard method of execution.
 Metzetta Antiquity 2022 In effect Capital punishment is lawful for extreme crimes including serial murder, paedophilia, acts of terror and treason.
 Urcea Antiquity 1976 In effect The death penalty in Urcea has existed since antiquity. The death penalty is reserved for specific Class A felonies, but is not in functional use.
 Vithinja Antiquity 1984 In effect
 Puertego Since colonization 2030 In effect The death penalty in Puertego has existed in Puertego since the nation was first colonized and has been used commonly every since with it rarely ever coming up as an issue in political discussion, the death penalty is used in crimes such as murder, rape, pedophilia, terrorism, treason, espionage, selling narcotics, human trafficking, and getting multiple counts of violent offenses such as armed robbery or assault, executions in Puertego are preformed via hanging or firing squad with an average of 44 execution preformed a year.