Criminal justice system of Urcea and Daingean: Difference between pages

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'''Daingean''' is a city located in [[Dunlann]] Province, [[Faneria]]. With a population of just over eighty-four thousand people, the municipality is not a major city in the modern day, but remains an archaeological site and popular tourist destination as well as the site of a major Republican Party convention center due to its long history.


The '''criminal justice system of Urcea''' is the apparatus by which the [[Consolidated Laws of HMCM's Kingdom and State|laws of Urcea]] are enforced. In [[Urcea]], each [[Government_of_Urcea#Subdivisions|crownland, province, and state]] also maintains its own criminal and civil code in addition to nationwide statutes, and most crimes are prosecuted at the subdivision level.  
=Demographics=
====Population====
====Health, Wealth, Transit, and Education====
====City Culture====
=History=
=== Early History===
In antiquity, Daingean was founded as the city of Deighan by Fenni settlers sometime around xxxx BC, and was an early conquest of the Gallic ''Oestrynetes'' tribe, who integrated with the local population similarly to much of the region's population. The city was briefly occupied by Latin conquerors in xxx BC shortly after the [[Gallian Wars]], but spirited resistance by the local clans made holding the territory for long unfeasible, with Latin troops
=== Gothic Era ===
==== First Kingdom ====
=== Principalities Era ===
=== Early Second Kingdom ===
==== Basin Wars ====
After the foundation of the Kingdom of the Ninerivers in 1398, the City of Daingean and its vassal states declared war over the title of King of the Ninerivers, which remained the ceremonial title of the City's elective ruler. Though lacking actual authority over the Principalities, the City retained a nominal role as head of any coalition that would form in the region in the event of an invasion, and as a result went on to fight for three years before receding to a status quo in 1401. The issue would again be raised in The Red Plains War, the Great Basin War, and finally the Dunlann War, ending in 1470 with the total annexation of the city-state after successive rounds of battering by the early Royal Army.
==== Conquest of Daingean====
==== Great Dunlann Peasants' Revolt ====
maybe end serfdom creep decisively here?
=== Late Second Kingdom ===
=== Republican Era ===
Daingean held a special reverence to the Republican movement in Faneria, as it was considered the site of the first civilized elective system that freed Fhainnin clans from representative politics bound by family ties. However, despite investment, the area attracted few immigrants as it had very little to offer beyond its port, which had long since been outstripped in every manner by nearby [[Comghallport]]. However, the city attracted a large temporary population of archaeologists and other specialists eager to pick apart the many buried remains of the city from as far back as its founding, with a boom in historical interest and the advancement of archaeological methods helping to uncover and cement much of the early history of trade in the Ninerivers and beyond. In several cases, goods as far afield as Crona were discovered in graves built over in the Third Century AD, with residue of a [[Varshan]]-specific wine contained within [[Coscivian civilization|Coscivian]]-made jugs present.


==History==
=Geography=
==Hierarchy of courts==
====City Landscape and Environment====
==== Monuments ====
The Old Library
====Nearby Cities and Installations====
=Economy=


[[Urcea]] has a three-tiered court system, and each tier of court is divided into appeals, civil, and criminal divisions which share the same physical infrastructure as well as some personnel and judges. Each tier serves as the appeals court for the lower tier. The lowest tier are the Diocesan Courts, which serve the [[Government_of_Urcea#Local_Government|civil dioceses]] which constitute every subdivision of Urcea. These courts are the most common and typically are responsible for overseeing civil disputes between individuals or firms. Diocesan courts also oversee prosecution of petty misdemeanors and violations of municipal ordinances and local laws. Above these courts are the thirty four subdivision wide court, whose name varies based on the [[Government_of_Urcea#Subdivisions|type of subdivision]], but the most common title is "Provincial Court" or "Supreme Court". The provincial court tries felony cases and civil cases where the two parties are from different dioceses. The third tier of courts are called the "''conrudimental courts''", with conrudiments (''[[Lebhan language|Leb]]: "rounded areas"'') being comprised of two to three provinces. The conrudimental courts are responsible for trying violations of national crimes as well as civil cases with parties originating from different provinces; if a civil case involves parties from different conrudiments, the [[Ministry of Justice (Urcea)|Ministry of Justice]] is responsible for choosing which conrudimental court will try the case.
{{Category:Faneria}}
 
The tiered court system is the method by which judges are appointed in [[Urcea]] in a method created in [[1989]] in an attempt to remove partisan influence from the courts. Judges typically serve staggered ten year terms, with the exception of the Archjustice of the Archducal Court of Urceopolis, who serves at the pleasure of the [[Concilium Daoni]]. At the diocesan level, the provincial court is responsible for identifying and nominating potential candidates, with the national standard requiring that nominees are members of their respective provincial bar, are at least 30 years old, and are a baptized [[Levantine Catholic Church|Catholic]]. Once a pool of candidates, typically ten, are identified, the Governor is responsible for choosing the final selection for judge. The provincial appointment process is largely similar, although a third of all judicial appointments for each provincial court are reserved for the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]]. Contrary to popular opinion, these appointments - called "Royal Judges" - are not necessarily made according to {{wp|constitutional advice}}, although most judges are appointed at the recommendation of the sitting [[Procurator]] and [[Chancellor and Temporary President]] with significant input from the King. Unlike other judges, the King does not have to select from an unlimited pool, and also unlike other judges, his nominations must receive final approval from the respective provincial legislature. The remaining, non-Royal Judges, are choosen by the Governor from an eligible pool of candidates chosen by judges from the conrudimental court. The conrudimental courts have a different system of appointment from the other courts, but still serve ten year terms and have the same eligibility requirements. Provincial courts have the ability to suggest a pool of candidates, but unlike the other processes these suggestions are non-binding. Appointments are chosen by the [[Procurator]] from any eligible individual living within the conrudiment and must be approved by a three-fourths vote of the [[Concilium Daoni]], with the vote threshold established to protect against partisan nominees. If the Procurator and Daoni fail to agree on a nominee within three months of the opening, the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]] is allowed to appoint a judge on his own authority, and said judge serves a two year term, only after which point the Procurator may attempt to make another nomination.
 
A special exception to the standard court tier system exists in [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] and the Archduchy of [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Urceopolis]]. The Archduchy is exempt from organization within higher judicial conrudiments, and so the Archducal Court is the highest court in which an issue can be brought. The Archducal Court does have legal jurisdiction to try civil and criminal cases within the Archduchy, but has not done so since [[1934]] and formally abolished its civil and criminal divisions in [[1958]]. Additionally, the City of Urceopolis is not divided into or subject to diocesan courts but rather has a single municipal court which is responsible for resolving all civil and criminal charges, regardless of level or type of crime (including national crimes), within the city. Outside of the city, diocesan courts within the Archduchy also have authority to try all types of crimes and civil matters regardless of type of level.
 
Unlike many other [[Occidental]] democracies, [[Urcea]] does not have a specially constituted {{wp|supreme court}}. In practice, the court of final appeal is the Archducal Court of Urceopolis. While the Archducal Court, ''de jure'', is equal in legal stature and scope to other provincial and subdivisional courts, it serves as the national appellate court. The legal mechanism giving the court national jurisdiction comes from the theoretical ability of the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]] to refer any case to any court for any reason or to directly decide cases himself; in practice, this power is used as a constitutional mechanism for appellate of conrudiment-level decisions, which occurs on the {{wp|constitutional advice}} of the Archjustice.
 
Some courts may be skipped due to the stature of the crime, requests for change in venue, or to avoid the appearance of impropriety. These cases are typically moved to a higher tier on the authority [[Apostolic King of Urcea]], typically on the request of the Governor of a province.
 
===Ecclesiastical courts===
 
===Special courts===
 
==Types and classes of crimes==
==Criminal procedure==
===Investigation and arrest===
===Prosecution and trial===
===Victims rights===
===Appeals===
==Corrections system==
Incarceration in [[Urcea]] is a primary form of punishment and rehabilitation for the commission of felony and other offenses.
 
The vast majority of prisons within Urcea are operated by the [[Government_of_Urcea#Subdivisions|crownland, province, and states]], with three hundred remaining facilities operated by the [[Ministry of Justice (Urcea)|Ministry of Justice]].
 
[[Category: Urcea]]
[[Category: Culture of Urcea]]

Latest revision as of 03:41, 3 June 2023

Daingean is a city located in Dunlann Province, Faneria. With a population of just over eighty-four thousand people, the municipality is not a major city in the modern day, but remains an archaeological site and popular tourist destination as well as the site of a major Republican Party convention center due to its long history.

Demographics

Population

Health, Wealth, Transit, and Education

City Culture

History

Early History

In antiquity, Daingean was founded as the city of Deighan by Fenni settlers sometime around xxxx BC, and was an early conquest of the Gallic Oestrynetes tribe, who integrated with the local population similarly to much of the region's population. The city was briefly occupied by Latin conquerors in xxx BC shortly after the Gallian Wars, but spirited resistance by the local clans made holding the territory for long unfeasible, with Latin troops

Gothic Era

First Kingdom

Principalities Era

Early Second Kingdom

Basin Wars

After the foundation of the Kingdom of the Ninerivers in 1398, the City of Daingean and its vassal states declared war over the title of King of the Ninerivers, which remained the ceremonial title of the City's elective ruler. Though lacking actual authority over the Principalities, the City retained a nominal role as head of any coalition that would form in the region in the event of an invasion, and as a result went on to fight for three years before receding to a status quo in 1401. The issue would again be raised in The Red Plains War, the Great Basin War, and finally the Dunlann War, ending in 1470 with the total annexation of the city-state after successive rounds of battering by the early Royal Army.

Conquest of Daingean

Great Dunlann Peasants' Revolt

maybe end serfdom creep decisively here?

Late Second Kingdom

Republican Era

Daingean held a special reverence to the Republican movement in Faneria, as it was considered the site of the first civilized elective system that freed Fhainnin clans from representative politics bound by family ties. However, despite investment, the area attracted few immigrants as it had very little to offer beyond its port, which had long since been outstripped in every manner by nearby Comghallport. However, the city attracted a large temporary population of archaeologists and other specialists eager to pick apart the many buried remains of the city from as far back as its founding, with a boom in historical interest and the advancement of archaeological methods helping to uncover and cement much of the early history of trade in the Ninerivers and beyond. In several cases, goods as far afield as Crona were discovered in graves built over in the Third Century AD, with residue of a Varshan-specific wine contained within Coscivian-made jugs present.

Geography

City Landscape and Environment

Monuments

The Old Library

Nearby Cities and Installations

Economy

Pages of Interest

Final War of the Deluge Grand Vandarch Canal Provost-General of the League of Nations Top-Level Domains Vandarch Vandarch Sea Trade Zone Organization League of the Free Republics Great War Ashkenang Kilikas-Boreal Cooperative Zone Levantia Treaty of Kartika Coscivian civilization Gaelic people Liberty Index Timeline of major world events List of Nations List of country names in various languages List of Companies by Industry

References

IRL resources (OOC) Abrigalasts Oyashima Levantine Union Prime Executive Restarkism Scapa Jenwer Lebhan language Tepetlcali campaign Third Caroline War Great Confessional War Half-a-Year War Commission for the Preservation of the Republic

Sports

World Association Football Federation Continental Baseball Conference Boreal Hockey League Horse racing in Levantia International Racing Federation Levantian Hockey League