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{{Infobox high court
{{Infobox high court
|court_name     = Supreme Court of Cartadania
| court_name           = Supreme Court of Cartadania
|image         = Coat of Arms of Cartadania.svg
| image               = Coat of Arms of Cartadania.svg
|imagesize     = 240px
| imagesize           = 150px
|caption       = Coat of Arms of Cartadania
| caption             = Coat of Arms of Cartadania
|established   = 1681
| image2              = The_Athens_Academy_-_Greece_-_panoramio.jpg
|country       = [[Cartadania]]
| image_upright2      =
|location       = [[Giulia]], [[Alahuela]]
| imagesize2          = 240px
|coordinates=
| alt2                =
| type         = Supreme Court bench with Senate and Presidential [[Advice and consent|confirmation]]
| caption2            = The Supreme Court Building
|authority = [[Constitution of Cartadania]]
| established         = 1632
|appealsfrom =  {{bulleted list|Supreme Courts of the [[Administrative divisions of Cartadania|States and Territories]]|[[Federal Court of Appeals (Cartadania)|Federal Court of Appeals]]|[[Federal Circuit Court of Cartadania|Federal Circuit Court]]}}
| country             = [[Cartadania]]
| location             = [[Giulia]], [[Alahuela]]
| coordinates         =
| type                 = Supreme Court bench with Senate and Presidential {{wp|Advice and consent|confirmation}}
|authority             = [[Constitution of Cartadania]]
|appealsfrom           =  {{bulleted list|Supreme Courts of the [[Administrative divisions of Cartadania|States and Territories]]|[[Federal Court of Appeals (Cartadania)|Federal Court of Appeals]]|[[Federal Circuit Court of Cartadania|Federal Circuit Court]]}}
|terms = Life tenure
|terms = Life tenure
|positions = 9, by statute
|positions = 9, by statute
|website = [http://www.supremotribunal.gov.ca/ Official website]
|website = [http://www.supremotribunal.gov.ca/ Official website]
|chiefjudgetitle = [[Chief Justice of Cartadania]]
|chiefjudgetitle = [[Chief Justice of Cartadania]]
|chiefjudgename = [[Esperanza Rodriguez]]
|chiefjudgename = [[Esperança Rodrigues]]
|termstart = 13 May 2016
|termstart = 13 May 2024
|termend =  
|termend =  
}}
}}
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The '''Supreme Court of Cartadania''' ({{lang-cd|Supremo Tribunal de Cartadania}}; '''SUTRICA''') is the {{wp|highest court}} in the [[Federal judiciary of Cartadania|judiciary]] of the [[Cartadania|Federative Republic of Cartadania]]. It resides inside the [[Supreme Court building (Cartadania)|Supreme Court building]] in the [[Giulia]] district of [[Alahuela]], overlooking the Federal gardens. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by the [[National Congress (Cartadania)|National Congress]] and the legislatures of the states, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Cartadania and thereby shape the development of federalism within the country. It also judges, in original jurisdiction, cases involving members of congress, senators, secretaries, members of the federal courts, and the President and Vice-President of the Republic.
The '''Supreme Court of Cartadania''' ({{lang-cd|Supremo Tribunal de Cartadania}}; '''SUTRICA''') is the {{wp|highest court}} in the [[Federal judiciary of Cartadania|judiciary]] of the [[Cartadania|Federative Republic of Cartadania]]. It resides inside the [[Supreme Court building (Cartadania)|Supreme Court building]] in the [[Giulia]] district of [[Alahuela]], overlooking the Federal gardens. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by the [[National Congress (Cartadania)|National Congress]] and the legislatures of the states, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Cartadania and thereby shape the development of federalism within the country. It also judges, in original jurisdiction, cases involving members of congress, senators, secretaries, members of the federal courts, and the President and Vice-President of the Republic.


Its bench is composed of nine justices, including a Chief Justice, currently [[Esperanza Rodriguez]]. Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the court's bench with the advice and consent of the president and Congress, though, in times of judicial emergency, they may conditionally appoint a justice without legislative or executive input. Justices are appointed to the court for life unless they retire earlier.
Its bench is composed of nine justices, including a [[Chief Justice of Cartadania|Chief Justice]], currently [[Esperança Rodrigues]]. Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the court's bench with the advice and consent of the president and Congress, though, in times of judicial emergency, they may conditionally appoint a justice without legislative or executive input. Justices are appointed to the court for a period of no more than twenty years, though chief justices may serve for a period of 25 years, a departure from the former life tenure of justices unless they were to retire earlier. Currently sitting justices will continue to serve their term not to exceed 25 years.


== History ==
== History ==
Following the 1618 establishment of the Odridian Confederation, there was no central apex court. It was suggested that the government establish such a court to alleviate issues that could not, without bias, be solved by the state courts. This suggestion, however, was dismissed due to concerns about the costs of establishing a centrally located court and the cost and time associated with traveling from more distant states. In 1671, the constitution that formed the current republic mandated the creation of a central court with jurisdiction over disputes between states, federal law, the constitutionality of laws, and original jurisdiction over all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, though it did have as much power as it does today.
The historical evolution of the Supreme Court of Cartadania reflects a dynamic path of development, driven by the nation's changing needs and the evolving structure of its government. Following the establishment of the Caridon Federation in [[1630]], there was a notable absence of a central apex court. Calls for such an institution to address issues beyond the jurisdiction of state courts were made, but these suggestions were initially dismissed due to concerns regarding the associated costs and the practicality of establishing a centrally located court that could serve the entire federation. However, the course of history took a different turn in [[1632]] when the constitution forming the Caridon Federal Republic, later renamed the present, Cartadania, mandated the creation of a central court. This court was tasked with adjudicating disputes between states, interpreting federal law, assessing the constitutionality of laws, and holding original jurisdiction over cases involving Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a state was a party. While its powers were relatively limited compared to its contemporary counterpart, this marked the inception of the Supreme Court.


The early Supreme Court was very limited in scope and was seated by justices from state supreme courts in rotating order for a set amount of time (typically 1-2 years each). This was the precedent unchallenged for nearly thirty years. In the events leading to the Ano Roxo, the supreme court routinely declined cases, instead referring them back down to lower courts due to lack of certain powers, since the president still held partial judicial power, and due to affiliation between some state justices and the individuals in power. Thusly, in the 1710 revision of the [[Constitution of Cartadania]], Congress stripped the president of all judicial powers, transferring them to the court. This also increased the number of Justices from five to nine, where it sits today.
In its early days, the Supreme Court operated within a constrained scope, with justices drawn from state supreme courts, each serving for a designated period, usually ranging from one to two years. This arrangement persisted for nearly sixty-five years. However, the period leading up to the [[Ano Vermelho]] saw a Supreme Court that was increasingly hesitant to accept cases, often deferring them to lower courts. This hesitancy was rooted in the court's limited powers, as some judicial authority still resided with the president, and in the close affiliations between certain state justices and those in power. In response to these challenges, the Constitution of Cartadania underwent revisions in [[1710]]. These revisions ushered in a significant transformation, stripping the president of all judicial powers and transferring them to the Supreme Court. Concurrently, the number of Justices was expanded from five to nine, a configuration that endures to this day.


Though allowing the court to travel between locations to hear cases closer to their origin has been considered for many years, when the current building was established in the early 20th century, the court elected to sit permanently in Alahuela, assuming no mandatory movement is necessary.
The issue of the court's mobility, with the possibility of hearing cases in various locations, had been contemplated for many years. However, when the present Supreme Court building was constructed in the early 20th century, a decision was made to establish a permanent seat for the court in Alahuela, with the assumption that mandatory relocations would not be necessary. This choice underscored the court's commitment to stability and continuity within the judicial system.


== Current membership ==
== Current membership ==
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|-
|-
| [[File:Esperanza_Rodrigues_Chief_Justice.jpg|frameless|100px]]
| [[File:Esperanza_Rodrigues_Chief_Justice.jpg|frameless|100px]]
| '''{{sortname|Esperanza|Rodriguez}}''' <br> <small>([[Chief Justice of Cartadania|Chief Justice]])</small>
| '''{{sortname|Esperança|Rodrigues}}''' <br> <small>([[Chief Justice of Cartadania|Chief Justice]])</small>
| [[Alexandria]] <small>([[Cary, Alexandria|Cary]])</small>
| [[Alexandria]] <small>([[Cary, Alexandria|Cary]])</small>
| align="center"| {{dts|13 May 2016}} <br> <small>(as Chief Justice)</small> <br> {{dts|11 August 2013}} <br><small>(as Justice)</small>
| align="center"| {{dts|13 May 2024}} <br> <small>(as Chief Justice)</small> <br> {{dts|11 August 2022}} <br><small>(as Justice)</small>
| [[Alexandria Supreme Court]]<br />[[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[Alexandria Supreme Court]]<br />[[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[University of Alexandria]]<br/>[[Erudite University of Alahuela]]
| [[University of Alexandria]]<br/>[[Erudite University of Alahuela]]
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| '''{{sortname|Adara|Bolívar}}'''
| '''{{sortname|Adara|Bolívar}}'''
| [[Bahia]] <small>([[Aguandra, Bahia|Aguandra]])</small>
| [[Bahia]] <small>([[Aguandra, Bahia|Aguandra]])</small>
| align="center"| {{dts|13 December 2017}}
| align="center"| {{dts|13 December 2026}}
| [[Solicitor-General of Cartadania]]
| [[Solicitor-General of Cartadania]]
| [[Triessa|Valorica State University]]<br />[[Merced University]]
| [[Triessa|Valorica State University]]<br />[[Merced University]]
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| '''{{sortname|Aitana|Gistaín}}'''
| '''{{sortname|Aitana|Gistaín}}'''
| [[Alahuela]] <small>([[Giulia]])</small>
| [[Alahuela]] <small>([[Giulia]])</small>
| align="center"| {{dts|1 March 2013}}
| align="center"| {{dts|1 March 2022}}
| [[Alahuela|Superior Court of Alahuela]]<br />[[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[Alahuela|Superior Court of Alahuela]]<br />[[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[Erudite University of Alahuela]]<br />[[Merced University]]
| [[Erudite University of Alahuela]]<br />[[Merced University]]
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|''' {{sortname|Cayetana|Castrillón}}'''
|''' {{sortname|Cayetana|Castrillón}}'''
| [[Vitrea]] <small>([[Ativaresa, Vitrea|Ativaresa]])</small>
| [[Vitrea]] <small>([[Ativaresa, Vitrea|Ativaresa]])</small>
| align="center"| {{dts|23 October 2013}}
| align="center"| {{dts|23 October 2022}}
| [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[University of Victoria, Warrnam]]
| [[University of Victoria, Warrnam]]
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| [[File:SUTRICA Izaro Soria.jpg|frameless|100px]]
| [[File:SUTRICA Izaro Soria.jpg|frameless|100px]]
| '''{{sortname|Izaro|Soria}} '''
| '''{{sortname|Izaro|Soria}} '''
| [[Calaxara]] <small>([[Gadiz, Calaxara|Gadiz]])</small>
| [[Calexia]] <small>([[Gadiz, Calaxara|Gadiz]])</small>
| align="center"| {{dts|28 July 2022}}
| align="center"| {{dts|28 July 2031}}
| [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| {{nowrap|[[University of Victoria, Warrnam]]}}<br />[[University of Alexandria]]<br />[[Merced University]]
| {{nowrap|[[University of Victoria, Warrnam]]}}<br />[[University of Alexandria]]<br />[[Merced University]]
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| '''{{sortname|Iria|Gallego}}'''
| '''{{sortname|Iria|Gallego}}'''
| [[São Ricardo]] <small>([[Lua, São Ricardo|Lua]])</small>
| [[São Ricardo]] <small>([[Lua, São Ricardo|Lua]])</small>
| align="center"| {{dts|18 November 2022}}
| align="center"| {{dts|18 November 2031}}
| [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[Bayonne Faible University]]
| [[Bayonne Faible University]]
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| [[File:SUTRICA Gabriel Morosanu.jpg|frameless|100px]]
| [[File:SUTRICA Gabriel Morosanu.jpg|frameless|100px]]
| '''{{sortname|Gabriel|Morosanu}}'''
| '''{{sortname|Gabriel|Morosanu}}'''
| [[Milan]] <small>([[Aumiers]])</small>
| [[Maresia]] <small>([[Aumiers]])</small>
| align="center"| {{dts|26 November 2027}}
| align="center"| {{dts|26 November 2027}}
| [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[University of Milan]]
| [[University of Maresia]]
|-
|-
| [[File:SUTRICA Atini Tuiaa.jpg|frameless|100px]]
| [[File:SUTRICA Atini Tuiaa.jpg|frameless|100px]]
| '''{{sortname|Atini|Tuiaa}}'''
| '''{{sortname|Atini|Tuiaa}}'''
| [[Lotoa]] <small>([[Laaula]])</small>
| [[Lotoa]] <small>([[Laaula]])</small>
| align="center"| {{dts|10 May 2016}}
| align="center"| {{dts|10 May 2026}}
| [[Supreme Court of Verona]] <br /> [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[Supreme Court of Verona]] <br /> [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[University of Verona system|University of Verona, Northeast]]<br/>[[Erudite University of Alahuela]]
| [[University of Verona system|University of Verona, Northeast]]<br/>[[Erudite University of Alahuela]]
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| '''{{sortname|Lourenço|Roque}}'''
| '''{{sortname|Lourenço|Roque}}'''
| [[Verona]] <small>([[Rosslyn]])</small>
| [[Verona]] <small>([[Rosslyn]])</small>
| align="center"| {{dts|12 February 2021}}
| align="center"| {{dts|12 February 2030}}
| [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[Cartadania Court of Appeals]]
| [[University of Verona system|University of Verona, Sierra]]<br/>[[Erudite University of Alahuela]]
| [[University of Verona system|University of Verona, Sierra]]<br/>[[Erudite University of Alahuela]]
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=== List of chief justices ===
=== List of chief justices ===
=== Structure===
=== Structure===
== Operation ==
== Operation ==
=== Jurisdiction ===
=== Jurisdiction ===
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