The Cape: Difference between revisions

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|national_anthem =    ''do Kabosar''<br>{{small|"Of Cape Town"}}<br>[[File:Media Player.png|link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29to5lIFUb4]]
|national_anthem =    ''do Kabosar''<br>{{small|"Of Cape Town"}}<br>[[File:Media Player.png|link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29to5lIFUb4]]
|royal_anthem =      <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|royal_anthem =      <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|other_symbol_type =  <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->
|other_symbol_type =  Certificate of state authority
|other_symbol =
|other_symbol = <small>Wampum of the Treaty of the National Movement</small><br>[[File:Cape Wampum.png|200px]]
|image_map =          Cape ortho.png
|image_map =          Cape ortho.png
|loctext =             
|loctext =             
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|religion_ref =      <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|religion_ref =      <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|demonym =            <!--Term/s describing those associated with the country/territory (e.g. "Belgian" for the country Belgium)-->
|demonym =            <!--Term/s describing those associated with the country/territory (e.g. "Belgian" for the country Belgium)-->
|government_type =    {{wp|Federal state|Federal}} {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|constitutional republic}}
|government_type =    {{wp|Federal state|Federal}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|constitutional republic}} under a {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party}} state
|leader_title1 =      [[Chief of the Republic]]
|leader_title1 =      [[Chief of the Republic]]
|leader_name1 = Kil Furey
|leader_name1 = Kil Furey
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After Kalma’s death in 1922, the reformist-dominated RNP considered the Cape sufficiently developed to exit the period of political tutelage, beginning the first [[multi-party period of the Federacy of the Cape]]. Four major parties contested the 1924 elections: the [[Communist Party of the Cape (1924)|Communist Party]], the [[Kadets (the Cape)|Constitutional Democrats (Kadets)]], the {{wp|fascist|Levantine fascist}} [[Lusophone Worker’s Front]], and the Republican Nationalist Party. The RNP was controversially returned as the majority with a margin of barely one percent - with the months following being permeated with brutal street fighting between Republican, Kadet, Front, and Communist militias.  
After Kalma’s death in 1922, the reformist-dominated RNP considered the Cape sufficiently developed to exit the period of political tutelage, beginning the first [[multi-party period of the Federacy of the Cape]]. Four major parties contested the 1924 elections: the [[Communist Party of the Cape (1924)|Communist Party]], the [[Kadets (the Cape)|Constitutional Democrats (Kadets)]], the {{wp|fascist|Levantine fascist}} [[Lusophone Worker’s Front]], and the Republican Nationalist Party. The RNP was controversially returned as the majority with a margin of barely one percent - with the months following being permeated with brutal street fighting between Republican, Kadet, Front, and Communist militias.  
===Contemporary era===
===Contemporary era===
Following [[the Reclamation]], the Cape emerged from the [[Second Great War]] an authoritarian state. While the [[National Reclamation Government]] and military rule was formally disestablished in 1951, the [[party-state provisions to the Fundamental Statutes|one party-state and its provisions to the Fundamental Statutes]] remained. The new government used these statutes to suppress the opposition of all stripes, democrat and communist alike. While these laws were quickly rolled back after the death of Chairman [[Jauman Zhakov]] in 1957, more than 60,000 people had already been imprisoned or executed.
Following [[the Reclamation]], the Cape emerged from the [[Second Great War]] an authoritarian state. While the [[National Reclamation Government]] and military rule was formally disestablished in 1951, the [[party-state provisions to the Fundamental Statutes|one party-state and its provisions to the Fundamental Statutes]] remained. The new government used these statutes to suppress the opposition of all stripes, democrat and communist alike. While these laws were quickly rolled back after the death of Chief [[Arle Ilkaskar]] in 1957, more than 60,000 people had already been imprisoned or executed.


While significant political reforms were made in the 1960s, including the reformation of the party-state system into one more akin to a “mass movement” accountable to the people, the Cape would retain a single-party government. Under this system, the country was industrialized and reconstructed. This “period of good feelings,” as it is known in the Cape, led to rapid economic growth and modernization. For three years between 1969 and 1972, the nation was the fastest growing economy in the world, backed up by emerging state-owned {{wp|megacorporation}}s and demand for Capetian manufactured products.  
While significant political reforms were made in the 1960s, including the reformation of the party-state system into one more akin to a “mass movement” accountable to the people, the Cape would retain a single-party government. Under this system, the country was industrialized and reconstructed. This “period of good feelings,” as it is known in the Cape, led to rapid economic growth and modernization. For three years between 1969 and 1972, the nation was the fastest growing economy in the world, backed up by emerging state-owned {{wp|megacorporation}}s and demand for Capetian manufactured products.  
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==Geography==
==Geography==
<gallery mode="packed">
{{multiple image
File:Table Mountain DanieVDM.jpg|The Table Mountain escarpment and Cape Town, as seen from Tafel Beach.
| align = right
File:Little Saddle.jpg|The escarpments of [[Cape Peninsula]].
| total_width = 400px
File:La plaine de Flandre occidentale, depuis Cassel - panoramio.jpg|The plains of central [[Cape Province]].
| image1 = Cape Floral Region Protected Areas-114212.jpg
File:Wildlife Crossing in Banff National Park.jpg|The Cahok Highlands dominate the country's north.
| caption1 = The imposing peaks of the [[Cape Escarpment]].
File:Khao Sok primary tropical rainforest, southern Thailand.jpg|Tropical rainforests are prominent in the country's northeast.
| image2 = Bakota.jpg
</gallery>
| caption2 = The Pretoria River east of Canova.
}}
Situated at the eastern end of [[Crona]], the Cape is located on the plains of southern Crona and the Peninsular Cronan Highlands extending from [[Mount Paektu]]. The country totals 2,335,077 kilometres squared, making it the 12th largest country in the world. The south is dominated by open, temperate lands, manifest in the [[Cape Peninsula]], [[Cebek]], and the Janusar area as arable plains and elsewhere as {{wp|savannah}}. These plains are permeated with rolling hills, and in the Cape Peninsula, surrounded by {{wp|escarpments}}. The central north is primarily composed of highlands and mountains. The nation's highest point, the {{wp|dormant volcano}} of Mount Paektu, is contained within. Dividing the north and south is the [[Pretoria River]] and its watershed, which flows westward from the mountains of the north and the hills of the south into the [[Songun Sea]]. Almost the entirety of the non-peninsular south lies within its drainage basin. The {{wp|tropical rainforest}}s of Palastra, fed by the Jet Stream, extends into the Cape's northeast.
Situated at the eastern end of [[Crona]], the Cape is located on the plains of southern Crona and the Peninsular Cronan Highlands extending from [[Mount Paektu]]. The country totals 2,335,077 kilometres squared, making it the 12th largest country in the world. The south is dominated by open, temperate lands, manifest in the [[Cape Peninsula]], [[Cebek]], and the Janusar area as arable plains and elsewhere as {{wp|savannah}}. These plains are permeated with rolling hills, and in the Cape Peninsula, surrounded by {{wp|escarpments}}. The central north is primarily composed of highlands and mountains. The nation's highest point, the {{wp|dormant volcano}} of Mount Paektu, is contained within. Dividing the north and south is the [[Pretoria River]] and its watershed, which flows westward from the mountains of the north and the hills of the south into the [[Songun Sea]]. Almost the entirety of the non-peninsular south lies within its drainage basin. The {{wp|tropical rainforest}}s of Palastra, fed by the Jet Stream, extends into the Cape's northeast.
===Climate===
===Climate===
The Cape is situated south of the subtropical climate zone, although the oceans and the Songun provide a more continental and temperate climate to coastal areas. Owing to its subtropical positioning, its climate remains relatively stable throughout the year. It has two seasons - roughly corresponding to a moderate summer and a moderate winter. Average temperatures in the north ranges from 31.1°C in July to 2°C in February, while temperatures along the southern coast of the nation range from 28.3°C in July to 14.1°C in February.
The Cape is situated south of the subtropical climate zone, although the oceans and the Songun provide a more continental and temperate climate to coastal areas. Owing to its subtropical positioning, its climate remains relatively stable throughout the year. It has two seasons - roughly corresponding to a moderate summer and a moderate winter. Average temperatures in the north ranges from 31.1°C in July to 2°C in February, while temperatures along the southern coast of the nation range from 28.3°C in July to 14.1°C in February.
==Politics and government==
==Politics and government==
{{multiple image
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| direction = vertical
| align = right
| align = left
| width = 250
| width = 250
| image1 = Capetian Parliament.png
| image1 = Capetian Parliament.png
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|text=When the nation can act freely, then the Cape will be strong.<br>To make the nation strong, we must each sacrifice his freedom.
|text=When the nation can act freely, then the Cape will be strong.<br>To make the nation strong, we must each sacrifice his freedom.
|author=Melvyn Kalma
|author=Melvyn Kalma
|align=left
|align= right
}}
}}
Since the founding of the republic, the dominant political current in Capetian politics has been [[Restarkism]] - support for Melvyn Kalma’s reforms. It is enshrined as the country's constitutional {{wp|ideology|guiding ideology}}, and the guiding ideology of Kalma's own [[Republican Nationalist Party]].  
Since the founding of the republic, the dominant political current in Capetian politics has been [[Restarkism]] - support for Melvyn Kalma’s reforms. It is enshrined as the country's constitutional {{wp|ideology|guiding ideology}}, and the guiding ideology of Kalma's own [[Republican Nationalist Party]].  
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|align="left"| [[Cape Province]] ||align="left"|[[Cape Town]] ||align="left"|Cape Town || 51,212,872
|align="left"| [[Cape Province]] ||align="left"|[[Cape Town]] ||align="left"|Cape Town || 51,212,872
|-
|-
|align="left"|[[Pretoria]] ||align="left"|[[Pretoria]] ||align="left"|Pretoria || 34,834,714
|align="left"|[[Pretoria]] ||align="left"|[[Pretorē]] ||align="left"|Pretorē || 34,834,714
|-
|-
|align="left"|[[Valega]] ||align="left"|[[Jauhanesar]] ||align="left"|Jauhanesar || 12,399,724
|align="left"|[[Valega]] ||align="left"|[[Jauhanesar]] ||align="left"|Jauhanesar || 12,399,724
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==Economy==
==Economy==
[[File:CBD Melbourne.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Pretorē]] is one of the Cape's financial centres.]]
{{Pie chart
{{Pie chart
| radius = 100
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The Cape has a {{wp|social market economy}} with a skilled labour force and a low level of corruption. It is among the most developed economies in [[Crona]], having experienced rapid GDP growth in the mid-1990s as a function of foreign investment following political reform. The nation’s GDP growth has now slowed to approximately 5% annually, with the country’s {{wp|tertiary sector}} now fuelling growth in comparison to its {{wp|primary sector|primary}} and {{wp|secondary sector}}s. The country’s {{wp|mixed economy}} has ranked highly in economic freedom since democratization and features an “above average” {{wp|household disposable income}} in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Cape is a party to a variety of free-trade and customs agreements, most prominently with [[Faneria]] and [[Kiravia]]. The [[Cape Town Stock Exchange]] is the largest in Crona by {{wp|market capitalization}}.
The Cape has a {{wp|social market economy}} with a skilled labour force and a low level of corruption. It is among the most developed economies in [[Crona]], having experienced rapid GDP growth in the mid-1990s as a function of foreign investment following political reform. The nation’s GDP growth has now slowed to approximately 5% annually, with the country’s {{wp|tertiary sector}} now fuelling growth in comparison to its {{wp|primary sector|primary}} and {{wp|secondary sector}}s. The country’s {{wp|mixed economy}} has ranked highly in economic freedom since democratization and features an “above average” {{wp|household disposable income}} in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Cape is a party to a variety of free-trade and customs agreements, most prominently with [[Faneria]] and [[Kiravia]]. The [[Cape Town Stock Exchange]] is the largest in Crona by {{wp|market capitalization}}.


The {{wp|state-owned enterprise}}s that once dominated the Capetian economy were transferred into worker-ownership throughout the 2000s, with the economy today primarily composed of these large {{wp|cooperative}}s and a burgeoning private sector. Of these cooperatives, [[Cape Automotive Corporation]] and [[National Oil]] rank as the largest and most internationally prominent - leading the Cape’s sizeable automotive and natural resource exploitation industries. Other former state-owned cooperatives continue to dominate the country’s {{wp|primary sector|primary}} and {{wp|secondary sector|secondary sectors}}, while newly-established cooperatives and private businesses largely comprise the {{wp|tertiary sector}}.  
The {{wp|state-owned enterprise}}s that once dominated the Capetian economy were transferred into worker-ownership throughout the 2000s, with the economy today primarily composed of these large {{wp|cooperative}}s and a burgeoning private sector. Of these cooperatives, [[National Oil]], [[Cape Automotive Corporation]], and [[Republic Bank]] rank as the largest and most internationally prominent - leading the Cape’s primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors respectively. Other former state-owned cooperatives continue to dominate the country’s {{wp|primary sector|primary}} and {{wp|secondary sector|secondary sectors}}, while newly-established cooperatives and private businesses largely comprise the {{wp|tertiary sector}}.  


With a long tradition as a coastal nation between [[Alshar]] and the Occident, and in control of the Songun Straits, the Cape is a hub for shipping in both the Odeneru and Cathay Oceans. The [[Port of Cape Town]] is located along the intersection of two of the most busiest shipping routes in the world.  
With a long tradition as a coastal nation between [[Alshar]] and the Occident, and in control of the Songun Straits, the Cape is a hub for shipping in both the Odeneru and Cathay Oceans. The [[Port of Cape Town]] is located along the intersection of two of the most busiest shipping routes in the world.  
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The Cape spent approximately $41.2 billion in domestic {{wp|research and development}} in 2020, of which $12.5 billion was provided by either the federal or provincial governments to create a “Restarkist science and technology economy”. The country has been ranked within the top 10 globally for global innovation. The [[Federal Space Executive]] maintains one of the largest space agencies in Crona.
The Cape spent approximately $41.2 billion in domestic {{wp|research and development}} in 2020, of which $12.5 billion was provided by either the federal or provincial governments to create a “Restarkist science and technology economy”. The country has been ranked within the top 10 globally for global innovation. The [[Federal Space Executive]] maintains one of the largest space agencies in Crona.
[[File:Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 20-23 PAN.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2.9|Southern [[Cape Town]] and the [[Port of Cape Town]] as seen from Table Mountain.]]


===Income, wealth, and poverty===
===Income, wealth, and poverty===
[[File:Maasvlakte, containeropslag foto1 2014-03-09 11.12.jpg|thumb|220px|right|The [[Port of Cape Town]], a majority worker-owned enterprise and the 3rd busiest container port in the world.]]  
[[File:Maasvlakte, containeropslag foto1 2014-03-09 11.12.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The [[Port of Cape Town]], a majority worker-owned enterprise and the 3rd busiest container port in the world.]]  
The Cape has an "above average" GDP per capita in [[Crona]], and ranks as one of the richest nations on the continent. A majority of this growth took place between the 1990s and the 2000s, with the welcoming of foreign direct investment and market reforms. The dissolution of the {{wp|megacorporations}} into worker-owned cooperatives distributed much wealth from state elites to the general public, forming the basis of a sizeable {{wp|middle class}} with above-average economic power. The Cape has an unemployment rate of 4.2%, with 72% of the adult population employed. Of these, approximately ~45% are employed within a cooperative. These efforts are supported by welfare measures designed to "raise the floor", funded by a steep {{wp|land value tax}}.
The Cape has an "above average" GDP per capita in [[Crona]], and ranks as one of the richest nations on the continent. A majority of this growth took place between the 1990s and the 2000s, with the welcoming of foreign direct investment and market reforms. The dissolution of the {{wp|megacorporations}} into worker-owned cooperatives distributed much wealth from state elites to the general public, forming the basis of a sizeable {{wp|middle class}} with above-average economic power. The Cape has an unemployment rate of 4.2%, with 72% of the adult population employed. Of these, approximately ~45% are employed within a cooperative. These efforts are supported by welfare measures designed to "raise the floor", funded by a steep {{wp|land value tax}}.


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===Infrastructure===
===Infrastructure===
[[File:Øresund Bridge from the air in September 2015.jpg|thumb|220px|right|The western span of the [[Atl I-Kalma Fixed Link]].]]  
[[File:Øresund Bridge from the air in September 2015.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The western span of the [[Atl I-Kalma Fixed Link]].]]  
Personal transportation is dominated by the automobile, which operates on 1.9 million kms of public roadway. Of these kilometres, 4,126 of them are {{wp|controlled-access highways|controlled-access}}. These highways criss-cross the country in the form of the [[Cape National Highway]] system, supplanted by a variety of provincially operated “trails” and municipally maintained expressways. The Capetian highway system connects to [[Etzil]] through the second-longest {{wp|bridge-tunnel}} in the world, the [[Atl I-Kalma Fixed Link]].  
As of 2021, personal transportation in the Cape remains dominated by the private automobile - operating on 1.9 million kms of public roadway. The [[Cape National Highway|National Highway System]]'s 3,126 kilometres of {{wp|controlled-access highways}} hold a near monopoly on interprovincial travel, although they are supplanted by a variety of provincially and municipally maintained freeways. The Capetian highway system connects to [[Etzil]] in the west through the second-longest {{wp|bridge-tunnel}} in the world, the [[Atl I-Kalma Fixed Link]].
 
The Fixed Link likewise connects to the country's growing freight and passenger rail network. [[Cape National Railways]] connects the bridge and major cities through a {{wp|higher-speed rail}} service as construction for the [[Strakiterma]], a proper {{wp|high-speed rail}} service, continues. The first section of which, Cape Town to Pretorē, is to open in 2028 while extensions to [[Cahokia]], [[Sao Suro]], and [[Jauhanesar]] are to open in the early 2030s.  


The bridge carries two tracks serviced by [[Cape National Railways]] in a {{wp|higher-speed rail}} service that connects every major city in the country. A {{wp|high-speed rail|high-speed}} line between Cape Town and [[Pretoria]] is currently under construction. Suburban {{wp|commuter rail}} and {{wp|s-train}} services are prominent across the Cape, although urban {{wp|rapid transit}} systems such as Cape Town’s [[KabosaRT]] remain rare.
Urban and suburban public transit competes with the automobile for transportation in metropolitan areas. Provincially run {{wp|commuter rail}}, {{wp|s-train}}, and {{wp|regional rail}} services are prominent across the Cape. Urban {{wp|rapid transit}} systems, such as Cape Town’s [[KabosaRT]], Pretorē's Metro, and Novasar's busway network are likewise common.


In 2020 there were 87 airports in the Cape, 11 of them being international.
In 2020 there were 87 airports in the Cape, 11 of them being international.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
As of 2021, the Cape is a nation of 127 million people. Its population density stands at 159 per kilometre squared, with an overall life expectancy of 71.4 years. The Cape’s population growth has slowed but remains over 4%, placing the nation in stage 3 of {{wp|demographic transition}} and in the midpoint of the {{wp|demographic dividend}}. With birth rates beginning to fall, the government has turned to enacting a variety of {{wp|pro-natalist}} policies. However, immigration is becoming one of the main drivers of population growth today. A majority of the nation's urban centres are aligned along the [[Cape Peninsula]] and the [[Pretoria Basin]], where the largest cities and economic centres of [[Cape Town]], [[Valena]], [[Pretoria]], and [[Novasar]] are located. A rapidly growing urbanization rate has inflated the urban population greatly; with the country now home to two megacities - Cape Town and Pretoria respectively.
As of 2021, the Cape is a nation of 127 million people. Its population density stands at 159 per kilometre squared, with an overall life expectancy of 71.4 years. The Cape’s population growth has slowed but remains over 4%, placing the nation in stage 3 of {{wp|demographic transition}} and in the midpoint of the {{wp|demographic dividend}}. With birth rates beginning to fall, the government has turned to enacting a variety of {{wp|pro-natalist}} policies. However, immigration is becoming one of the main drivers of population growth today. A majority of the nation's urban centres are aligned along the [[Cape Peninsula]] and the [[Pretoria Basin]], where the largest cities and economic centres of [[Cape Town]], [[Valena]], [[Pretorē]], and [[Novasar]] are located. A rapidly growing urbanization rate has inflated the urban population greatly; with the country now home to two megacities - Cape Town and Pretorē respectively.


===Ethnic groups===
===Ethnic groups===
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Formed from centuries of conquest, assimilation, and intermixing, the country today is {{wp|multiethnic}} and {{wp|multicultural}}. A majority of the population identifies with four major ethnic groups, [[Kiravian]], [[Cartadanian]], [[Cahokian]], or the largest, [[Capetian]] or “Costizo”, which denotes mixed ethnicity between the three former groups.  
Formed from centuries of conquest, assimilation, and intermixing, the country today is {{wp|multiethnic}} and {{wp|multicultural}}. A majority of the population identifies with four major ethnic groups, [[Kiravian]], [[Cartadanian]], [[Cahokian]], or the largest, [[Capetian]] or “Costizo”, which denotes mixed ethnicity between the three former groups.  


A growing percentage of Capetians are other immigrants. Arriving in waves, these have included {{wp|Protestantism|Protestant}} [[Aengles]] and [[Latinics]] from [[Levantia]], Corummese and other [[Alshar]]i, and most recently Cronans from [[Varshan]], [[Kelekona]], and other Cronan-majority South Cronan states - which form a majority of the country’s estimated 1.1 million {{wp|illegal immigrants}}.
A growing percentage of Capetians are other immigrants. Arriving in waves, these have included {{wp|Protestantism|Protestant}} [[Aengles]] and [[Latinics]] from [[Levantia]], Daxian and other [[Alshar]]i, and most recently Cronans from [[Varshan]], [[Kelekona]], and other Cronan-majority South Cronan states - which form a majority of the country’s estimated 1.1 million {{wp|illegal immigrants}}.


===Language===
===Language===
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