13,595
edits
User:Urcea/TestItOut: Difference between revisions
m
→Law
mNo edit summary |
m (→Law) |
||
| (7 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{| | {{AbandonLore}} | ||
| | |||
{{Infobox country | |||
|conventional_long_name = People's Republic of Carna | |||
|native_name = ''Fowksrepublic o Carna'' ({{wp|Scots language|Carnish}})<br /> ''Sluagh-Phoblachd na h-Càrna'' ({{wp|Scottish Gaelic|Carnish Gaelic}})<br /> ''Folkerepublikken Karnland'' ({{wp|Norn language|Eriskayer}}) | |||
|common_name = Carna | |||
| | |status = <!--Status of country, especially useful for micronations--> | ||
|image_flag = Carna socialist flag.png | |||
|alt_flag = Flag of Carna | |||
|flag_type = [[Flag of Carna|Flag]] | |||
|flag_border = yes | |||
|image_flag2 = | |||
|alt_flag2 = | |||
|flag2_border = | |||
|image_coat = [[File:EmblemOfCarnaALT.svg|75px]] | |||
|alt_coat = Emblem of Carna | |||
|symbol_type = [[Emblem of Carna|Emblem]] | |||
|national_motto = "Wirkers o the warld, unite!" ({{wp|Scots language|Carnish}})<br /> "Luchd-obrach an t-saoghail, aonachadh!" ({{wp|Scottish Gaelic|Carnish Gaelic}})<br /> "Arbeidere i alle land, foren dere!" ({{wp|Norn language|Eriskayer}}) | |||
|englishmotto = "{{wp|Workers of the world, unite!}}" | |||
|national_anthem = "{{wp|Auld Lang Syne}}"<br>(Ænglish: "Old Long Since")<br>[[File:Media Player.png|link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8-nsUyIzKY]] | |||
| | |other_symbol_type = | ||
|{{ | |other_symbol = | ||
|{{ | |image_map = Horsing around.png | ||
|loctext = | |||
| | |alt_map = <!--alt text for map--> | ||
| | |map_caption = Location of Carna (dark green) in eastern [[Levantia]] (gray) | ||
|- | |map_width = 270px | ||
|image_map2 = | |||
| | |alt_map2 = <!--alt text for second map--> | ||
| | |map_caption2 = | ||
| | |capital = [[Dunaird]] | ||
|{{ | |coordinates = <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} --> | ||
| | |largest_city = capital | ||
| | |largest_settlement_type = largest city | ||
|{{ | |largest_settlement = | ||
|{{ | |official_languages = | ||
| | |national_languages = | ||
| | |regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory--> | ||
|languages_type = Official languages | |||
| | |languages = {{wp|Scots language|Carnish}}<br /> {{wp|Scottish Gaelic|Carnish Gaelic}}<br /> {{wp|Norn language|Eriskayer}} | ||
|{{ | |languages_sub = <!--Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")--> | ||
|{{ | |languages2_type = | ||
|languages2 = | |||
|{{ | |languages2_sub = <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")--> | ||
| | |ethnic_groups = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; | ||
|{{ | | 90.3% [[White Carnish|White]] | ||
|{{ | | 3.1% [[Black Carnish|Black]] | ||
| | | 2.2% [[Carnish Alshari|Alshari]] | ||
| | | 1.6% [[Carnish Audonian|Audonian]] | ||
| 1.3% [[Carnish Cronan|Cronan]] | |||
|{{ | | 1.1% [[Mixed (Carna ethnicity category)|Mixed]] | ||
| 0.4% Other | |||
<!-- | 77.2% {{wp|Scottish people|Carnish}} | |||
| 9.2% {{wp|Gaels|Carnish Gael}} | |||
| | | 3.9% {{wp|English people|Ænglish}} | ||
| | | 9.7% Other --> | ||
| | }} | ||
| | |ethnic_groups_year = <!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided)--> | ||
| | |ethnic_groups_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)--> | ||
| | |religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; | ||
| 53.7% {{wp|Irreligion|No religion}} | |||
| | | 26.4% [[Catholic Church|Levantine Catholicism]] | ||
| | | 12.6% [[Carnish Anglican Church|Carnish Anglicanism]] | ||
| | | 2.9% {{wp|Agnosticism}} | ||
| | | 1.7% {{wp|Islam}} | ||
| | | 0.9% {{wp|Hinduism}} | ||
| | | 0.8% {{wp|Buddhism}} | ||
| | | 0.6% [[M'acunism]] | ||
| | | 0.4% Other | ||
| | }} | ||
| | |religion_year = <!--Year of religion data (if provided)--> | ||
|religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)--> | |||
| | |demonym = Carnish | ||
| | |government_type = {{wp|Unitary state|Unitary}} {{wp|Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Livasist}} {{wp|One-party state|one-party}} {{wp|Socialist state|socialist}} {{wp|republic}} | ||
| | |leader_title1 = [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Carna|General Secretary]] | ||
| | |leader_name1 = [[Robert Meighan]] | ||
| | |leader_title2 = [[President of Carna|President]] | ||
| | |leader_name2 = [[Sarah Wylie]] | ||
| | |leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Carna|Prime Minister]] | ||
| | |leader_name3 = [[Brodie MacDowall]] | ||
| | |leader_title4 = [[Chairperson of the Forgaitherin|Forgaitherin Chairman]] | ||
| | |leader_name4 = [[Caitrìona Aileanach]] | ||
|legislature = [[Forgaitherin]] | |||
| | |upper_house = | ||
| | |lower_house = | ||
| | |sovereignty_type = Formation | ||
| | |sovereignty_note = | ||
| | |established_event1 = [[Kingdom of Carna]] | ||
| | |established_date1 = 995 | ||
| | |established_event2 = [[Proclamation of the People's Republic of Carna|People's Republic of Carna]] | ||
| | |established_date2 = 26 June 1915 | ||
| | |established_event3 = [[Carnish Constitution|Current constitution]] | ||
|- | |established_date3 = 3 February 1916 | ||
|area_rank = | |||
| | |area = | ||
| | |area_km2 = 1665077 | ||
| | |area_sq_mi = | ||
|area_footnote = <!--Optional footnote for area--> | |||
|percent_water = | |||
|area_label = Total | |||
|area_label2 = <!--Label below area_label (optional)--> | |||
|area_data2 = <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)--> | |||
|population_estimate = 187,591,223 | |||
|population_estimate_rank = | |||
|population_estimate_year = 2020 | |||
|population_census = | |||
|population_census_year = | |||
|population_density_km2 = auto | |||
|population_density_sq_mi = | |||
|population_density_rank = | |||
|nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation--> | |||
|GDP_PPP = <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)--> | |||
| | |GDP_PPP_rank = | ||
|GDP_PPP_year = | |||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = | |||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | |||
|GDP_nominal = $6,640,916,885,423 | |||
|GDP_nominal_rank = | |||
|GDP_nominal_year = | |||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35,401 | |||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | |||
|Gini = 21.2 | |||
|Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)--> | |||
|Gini_rank = | |||
| | |Gini_year = | ||
|HDI_year = <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | |||
|HDI = 0.924 | |||
|{{ | |HDI_change = increase | ||
|HDI_rank = | |||
|HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)--> | |||
| | |currency = Carnish Siller | ||
|currency_code = CSR | |||
|time_zone = <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)--> | |||
| | |utc_offset = -1 | ||
|drives_on = Right | |||
|cctld = .ca | |||
|- | |iso3166code = <!--Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using "omit".--> | ||
|calling_code = <!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc--> | |||
|patron_saint = <!--Use patron_saints for multiple--> | |||
|image_map3 = <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it--> | |||
| | |alt_map3 = <!--alt text for third map position--> | ||
|{{ | }} | ||
'''Carna''', officially the '''People's Republic of Carna''', is a country in eastern [[Levantia]]. It shares land borders with [[Burgundie]], [[Rhotia]], [[Lapody]], and [[Fiannria]]. It covers an area of XXX square kilometres (396,490 sq mi) which includes the island of [[Ardran]], the islands of [[New Ardmore]], and the [[Eriskay Islands]]. The country has a population of almost 188 million, the vast majority of which is situated within the country's coastal regions and central belt. The {{wp|Capital city|national capital}} is [[Dunaird]], the country's largest city and main cultural and economic centre. Other major cities include [[Malkirk]], [[Inverleith]], [[Dalfearn]], [[Kinlaig]], [[Craigshiel]], [[Largmore]], and [[Colgar]]. | |||
''By 300 CE, the Germanic {{wp|English people|Ænglish people}} had migrated into the central areas of modern Carna, establishing permanent settlements in the region. The south and southwestern coastal areas and the mountainous northern areas of Carna remained under the rule of the native {{wp|Gaels|Gaelic}} people up until the collapse of [[Great Levantia]] in 500 CE. This saw the Ængles conquer much of Carna, developing a distinct Ænglo-Gaelic culture that laid the foundation of the {{wp|Scots language|Carnish}} language. Following the dissolution of the [[Western Kingdom of the Levantines]] in 978, the [[Kingdom of Carna]] was founded in 995, beginning more than a millennia of independent Carnish rule. With the advent of the {{wp|Age of Discovery}}, Carna entered the global stage and established itself as a strong naval power, building a colonial empire with the establishment of the colony of [[Arcerion]] in southern [[Crona]].'' Calls for reform in the late 18th century would see the Carnish monarchy relinquish significant power to an [[Old Carnish Parliament|elected parliament]]. Carna would briefly enter the [[First Great War]] in 1938, assisting its colonial dependency of Arcerion in its border war with [[Paulastra]]. The development and spread of {{wp|Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Livasist thought}} combined with dissatisfaction with working and living conditions and civil and political discontent would culminate in the [[Carnish Revolution]] of 1912 which saw the Carnish monarchy deposed and the outbreak of the [[Carnish Civil War]]. The civil war would come to an end in 1915 with the surrender of the last [[White Army of Carna|monarchist forces]] and the subsequent establishment of the [[Proclamation of the People's Republic of Carna|People's Republic of Carna]] — the world's first Marxist-Livasist state. | |||
| | |||
Since the establishment of the People's Republic in 1915, Carna has been governed as a {{wp|Unitary state|unitary}} {{wp|Socialist state|socialist state}} under the [[Communist Party of Carna]] (CPC). Although political organisation are not explicitly outlawed, the CPC is enshrined in the [[Carnish Constituion]] as the nation's only legitimate political party and as the only political party legally permitted to hold effective power, with only political organisations affiliated with or endorsed by the CPC permitted to contest elections, making Carna a ''de facto'' {{wp|One-party state|one-party state}}. Following the establishment of the People's Republic, Carna established the [[Communist International]], which it continues to head to this day as the global leader of the Marxist–Livasist {{wp|Socialism|socialist}} movement. | |||
Carna is a highly {{wp|Developed country|developed nation}}, with an advanced {{wp|World Bank high-income economy|high-income economy}}. It has very high standards of {{wp|Standard of living|living}}, {{wp|Quality of life|quality of life}}, {{wp|Education|education}}, {{wp|Health care|health care}}, and is categorised as "very high" in the {{wp|Human Development Index}}, with it offering expansive [[Social security in Carna|social security]], a [[Carnish Health Service|universal healthcare system]] free at the point of use, strong environmental protections, a [[Education in Carna|tution-free education at all levels]], and more. However, due to its ''de facto'' status as a one-party state, its lack of political representation, and its repression of dissenting political movements, the country ranks poorly in the [[Democracy Index]]. The CPC have, however, contested Carna's Democracy Index ranking, calling the index a "biased and untruthful record that does not recognise forms of democracy outside of those of the liberal strain and that seeks to push an anti-Carnish and anti-socialist agenda." | |||
Known for its [[Culture of Carna|long and rich cultural history]], Carna has [[List of World Heritage Sites in Carna|many World Heritage Sites]] and [[Tourism in Carna|is among the top tourism destinations]] in Levantia. The country's national anthem, "{{wp|Auld Lang Syne}}", has become an internationally recognised anthem which is sung around the world on {{wp|New Year's Eve}} to mark the beginning of a new year. | |||
==Etymology== | |||
| | The name ''Carna'' comes from ''[[Carni]]'', the {{wp|Latin}} name for the {{wp|Gaels|Celtic peoples}} that inhabited the westernmost regions of [[Great Levantia]]. The name of the Carni is derived from the {{wp|Scottish Gaelic|Carnish Gaelic}} word ''càrn'', which is the root of the {{wp|Scots language|Carnish}} and {{wp|English language|Ænglish}} word "{{wp|Cairn|cairn}}". It is widely believed that the Latin name ''Carni'' was given to the westernmost Celts of Great Levantia due to the region's high density of cairns, with more ancient cairns being found in Carna than anywhere else in the world. The modern Carnish Gaelic name for the country, ''Càrna'', stems from this theory, literally meaning "Cairn land" or "Land of cairns". | ||
==History== | |||
{{Main|History of Carna}} | |||
===Prehistory=== | |||
{{Main|Prehistoric Carna}} | |||
| | |||
Excavations throughout Carna revealed a {{wp|Neanderthals|Neanderthal}} presence dating back to the {{wp|Middle Palaeolithic|Middle Palaeolithic period}} some 200,000 years ago, while {{wp|Early modern human|modern humans}} first arrived in Carna, from the southeast on foot, about 35,000 years ago. The best known artefacts of these prehistoric human settlements are the famous paintings in the [[Creagan Dubha|Creagan Dubha cave]] in northern Carna, which were created from 32,600 to 13,500 {{wp|Common Era|BCE}}. Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that Carna acted as one of several major refugia from which northern [[Levantia]] was repopulated following the end of the {{wp|Quaternary glaciation|last ice age}}. | |||
| | By about 3,000 BCE, the population of Carna is believed to have been primarily made up of the ancestors of the {{wp|Gaels|Gaelic}} {{wp|Celts}}. When exactly the Celts first arrived in Carna has been debated for close to a century, with the migrations of the Celts being one of the more enduring themes of archaeological and linguistic studies. The current prevailing theory is that the ancestors of the Gaels, forced to expand out of their homeland in northern Levantia due to famine and conflict with the ancestors of the {{wp|Celtic Britons|Pretannic}} Celts, arrived in the [[Carmnish Highlands|highlands of northern Carna]] sometime between 4,000 and 3,600 BCE and expanded southward to populate the [[Carnish Central Belt|central belt]], [[Carnish Lowlands|lowlands]], and the [[List of islands of Carna|islands of Carna]] over the following centuries. | ||
| | |||
===Great Levantine Carna=== | |||
{{Main|Great Levantine Carna}} | |||
===Levantine Empire and the Western Levantine Kingdom=== | |||
{{Main|2 = Levantine Empire|3 = Western Kingdom of the Levantines}} | |||
===Kingdom of Carna=== | |||
{{Main|Kingdom of Carna}} | |||
| | |||
| | ===Carnish Colonial Empire=== | ||
| | {{Main|Carnish Colonial Empire}} | ||
| | |||
===Revolution and civil war=== | |||
{{Main|2 = Carnish Revolution|3 = Carnish Civil War}} | |||
===Post-revolution and Communist party rule=== | |||
{{Main|History of Carna (1948–present)}} | |||
==Geography== | |||
<gallery mode="packed"> | |||
File:Mangla Dam Reservoir.JPG|The Krtìn Resevoir, the largest manmade lake in the world. | |||
File:On the Great Plains, Kansas, 294 miles west of Missouri River. (redo 2016).jpg|Much of Carna is covered by the Eastern Levantine Plain. | |||
| | File:Саблинский хребет.jpg|The Sopron range dominates the country's west. | ||
| | File:Mississippi River Lock and Dam number 7.jpg|The Ural River, which splits the nation. | ||
| | </gallery> | ||
Situated at the eastern end of [[Levantia]], Carna is located on the Orenstian Peninsula and the Eastern Levantine Plain. The country totals 1,665,077 kilometres squared. It is largely dominated by a flat, temperate plain which stretches the entire height of the nation. The most common division of the country is across the Ural River. The Ural flows through the centre of Carna, with almost the entirety of the nation laying in its drainage basin. Western Carna is largely dominated by the [[Sopron Range]], a primarily hilly region varied by low mountains. The nation's highest point is contained within, at 912m above sea level. A variety of rivers also originate from the area. These rivers comprise the largest natural features in the southern provinces. | |||
| | |||
| | Carna is situated in the south of the temperate climate zone, with the east of the country in the transition area between maritime and tropical climates. It has four seasons of approximately equal length. Average temperatures in the north ranges from 16.1°C in July to -6°C in February, while temperatures along the southern coast of the nation range from 21.9°C in July to 1°C in February. Snow covers some of Carna from mid-December to early March. | ||
| | |||
| | ==Politics and government== | ||
| | <!-- |leader_title2 = [[Secretary of International Affairs (Carna)|Secretary of International Affairs]] | ||
| | |leader_name2 = [[Brodie MacDowall]] | ||
| | |leader_title3 = [[Secretary of Internal Affairs (Carna)|Secretary of Internal Affairs]] | ||
|leader_name3 = [[Mhairi McNeill]] | |||
|leader_title4 = [[Secretary of Finance (Carna)|Secretary of Finance]] | |||
| | |leader_name4 = [[Donald Whitelaw]] | ||
|leader_title5 = [[Secretary of Defence (Carna)|Secretary of Defence]] | |||
| | |leader_name5 = [[Jane Caskie]] | ||
| | |leader_title6 = [[Secretary of Health (Carna)|Secretary of Health]] | ||
| | |leader_name6 = [[Kelly MacDiarmid]] | ||
|leader_title7 = [[Secretary of Industry (Carna)|Secretary of Industry]] | |||
|leader_name7 = [[Ewan Lennox]] | |||
|leader_title8 = [[Secretary of Education (Carna)|Secretary of Education]] | |||
|leader_name8 = [[William Dalglish]] | |||
|leader_title9 = [[Secretary of Transport (Carna)|Secretary of Transport]] | |||
|leader_name9 = [[Seònaid Gallach]] | |||
|leader_title10 = [[Secretary of Culture (Carna)|Secretary of Culture]] | |||
|leader_name10 = [[John Lind]] --> | |||
=== Administrative divisions === | |||
Carna is subdivided into eight provinces. The nation is also often divided into three regions: West, East, and North; but these regions are purely geographical and are not political divisions. Provinces are further divided into sybid and communes. Sybid have local councils but are components of urban areas and are grouped under a city council or similar urban administration. In contrast, communes are considered rural areas with a greater deal of autonomy for the administration of infrastructure and bylaws. Sybid are generally larger than communes and are frequently redrawn. Communes are generally smaller but cannot be redrawn as often. [[Lake Mavi]] and the [[Dyopaz Bay]] do not fall under the direct jurisdiction of any one province, though the islands of [[Narasseta Island|Narasseta]] and [[Isle of Alian|Alian]], along with the [[Tutera Peninsula]], do. Lake Mavi and the Dyopaz Bay are administered directly by the Directory of Domestic Affairs. | |||
=== Law === | |||
Carna's current legal system was founded in [[1953]] after the revolution. However, it was based off and is essentially a significantly modified version of the [[Kingdom of Carna]]'s legal system which had been in use since its foundation as an independent state. | |||
Carna's legal system is based on its codified criminal code. As such, the decisions of appellate courts do not directly alter the criminal code, though landmark cases have been known to lead to amendments in the code following major legal decisions. The code itself has been altered and revised many times since its inception. Naturally, a great deal of the national legislature's work is devoted to statute which then must be affirmed by the nation's supreme court. Beneath the supreme court are the appellate courts of which there are one per province. Appellate courts are not permanent and are typically formed by senior members of various judiciaries within a state. Only if a criminal appeal makes its way through an appellate court would it be heard by the supreme court. As such, it is very rare that such a thing comes to pass which is why it typically inspires statutory change if such an event does occur. Below the appellate courts are the trial courts of which there are typically one per constituency or city. Trial courts are where most legal proceedings take place including proceedings for both indictable and summary offences. | |||
Law enforcement in Carna is primarily the responsibility of local police departments, with provincial police providing broader services. The [[Constanza Police Department]] (''some scots stuff'') is the largest in the country. Agencies such as the [[Investigation Agency of the Republic]] (''some scots stuff'') and the [[Republic Marshals Service]] have specialised duties, including protecting civil rights, national security and enforcing Carnish courts' rulings and national laws. | |||
==Economy and infrastructure== | |||
==Demographics== | |||
==Culture== | |||
[[Category: Carna]] | |||