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'''Xolkriśgir''' (literally "colour fear" or "chromophobia") is a widespread superstition in many [[Coscivian]] cultures that {{wp|colour photography}} has damaging psychic or supernatural effects on its subjects. ''Xolkriśgir'' has created an enduring taboo against colour photography in [[Kiravia]] and, to a lesser extent, among Coscivian minorities in other parts of the world.
{{wip}}
[[File:Tacos.jpg|thumb|A typical plate of tacos in the Sena'akono region]]
The '''Tako''', or ''Taco'' in Occidental Romanization, is a traditional dish in Loa cuisine, consisting of flatbread typically made with sourdough and wrapped about a filling of meat and vegetables. The filling is very diverse but typically consists of small rehydrated fish, river crab meat or fermented pork, ginger, okra and green onions, and is usually accompanied with a sauce of chilies, citrus and a spice blend consisting of poppy seeds, cinnamon, nutmeg and turmeric. The taco is a central aspect of Loa cuisine, with most Loa eating a variant of the dish weekly or even daily. It has even spread beyond the [[Vallos|Vallosian subcontinent]] via the Loa diaspora, with notable regional variants in [[Pelaxia]], [[Cartadania]], [[Aciria]], and other regions with a large Loa diaspora, like [[Burgundie|Burgoignesc]] [[Equitorial Osteicia]] and [[Sudmoll]].


==History==
==History==
There have been intensive efforts in anthropology and deep philology to understand the cultural roots of ''xolkriśgir''. These have focused on topics such as the ethno-metaphysical significance of [[colour in Coscivian culture]], {{wp|Aniconism|aniconist}} movements and mores in Coscivian history, and the sinister associations of {{wp|mirrors}} in Coscivian mythology, folklore, and literature. While no fully explanatory theories have yet emerged from this research, it does begin to elucidate the sensitive cultural context surrounding colour photography.
The taco originated in the 1920s after opening of the country following the events of the [[Takatta Loa Civil War]]. The government sought to expand the potential crops of the Loa and secure food safety, and so foreign crops such as wheat, potatoes, barley and lentils were introduced. Loa cuisine as a whole expanded in diversity around this time but was usually built upon older culinary traditions. The taco especially is thought to be derived from an earlier mainland street dish called ''losu'ihuilalo'', or when translated directly "banana leaf stew". It was a mixture of meat and vegetable stew thickened and held together with taro starch and then steamed in banana leaves. These ''losu'ihuilalo'' are still regularly eaten everyday, though the connection between it and the taco is often lost.


===The Primóra Incident===
With the introduction of wheat and flatbread into Takatta Loa, banana and lotus leaves stopped being used to hold food and instead were reserved for steaming. Around 1926, a street vendor named Hako'oa began selling ''huilalo'' which came to be a standard name for a food wrap at this time. This was the first recorded instance of a taco like food appearing, as Hako'oa also published a small pamphlet near his retirement in the same year due to illness. He passed away a year later but the pamphlet, and subsequently tacos, became popular around the nation. Tacos themselves are named on the third page, being rehydrated fish and okra (''takokara huilalo'' as he originally called it) and are named ''tako'' due to a combination of the first two characters of ''takokara'' in the Old Loa Characters. Due to the accessibility of both of these ingredients, tacos in particular became extremely popular on the mainland and eventually in all of Takatta Loa.
''Xolkriśgir'' was first documented in 21064 when Marcel des Vespasiennes, a [[Burgundie|Burgundian]] photographer and early pioneer of colour photography, visited [[Cities of Kiravia#Primóra|Primóra]] to demonstrate his technique to a meeting of the [[Hanoram]] Society of Gentleman Daguerreotypists. The audience was aware ahead of time that des Vespasiennes would be taking colour photographs and was, by all accounts, calm during his lecture until he displayed some examples of his work, at which point several members claimed to be ill and politely took their leave. Five members of the Society volunteered to pose for colour photographs after the lecture, which took several days to develop. None were known to have reported anything unusual during this time, though one of the subjects, a shipping insurer, never returned to the Society and went mysteriously missing several days later. However, when the first of the subjects, pipegrass merchant Rutilus Semperviren, was presented with the photograph of himself by des Vespasiennes, he began to scream uncontrollably. Semperviren was removed from the premises and treated with the highest-quality [[Daxia|Daxianese]] opium available, which succeeded in calming him, though after he emerged from his medically-induced trance he would continue to be laconic and low-affect until his death four months thereafter. Two of the other three subjects, according to their own letters and the accounts of their family members, were overcome with dread upon seeing their likenesses in colour. Although they retained their composure better then Semperviren, they suffered from "the most baleful night terrors" and acute lethargy for months, and underwent marked changes in personality and behaviour that appear to have persisted for the remainder of their lives. What would later become known as the classic symptoms of ''xolkriśtívandisuvantohābur'' presented most acutely in Xiaroskur Fordelorean: [to be continued].


The Primóra incident was chronicled in the ''[[Primóra Moon]]'' and other papers in the major coastal cities, and was a topic of some public excitement in the city for several months, although...
In the 1950s, due to the establishment of the republic and constitution, many more Loa began migrating across the [[Kindreds]] and subsequently brought the taco with them into these regions. As a result, variations of the taco including new ingredients such as beef, chicken, tomatoes and sour cream began to emerge and eventually make their way back to Takatta Loa. The most popular of these included pork tacos and the inclusion of a chili sauce. These endure to this day and have become traditional in Loa taco cuisine. Further, during the late 20th century, Takatta Loa began to see the emergence of restaurants and restaurant chains, a previously unknown concept. The largest of these today is TakoBel'O, which specializes primarily in tacos.


-Did not start to become a known thing until colour photography became more popular
==Regional Variants==
-Violent resistence
There are many regional variants and styles of tacos throughout not only Takatta Loa but also the world. The region with the largest number of styles is Ahoso, the birthplace of tacos. There are nearly half a dozen styles of taco in the city of Disa'adakuo alone. In addition, Takatta Loa recognizes a "national" style of tacos consisting of the original rehydrated fish and kora, which is celebrated every year on the National Taco Day of July 12th.
===Insular===
The Insular style of tacos is relatively eclectic due to it being far from the origin location and due to the relatively low cultural transmission from mainland cultures to the Loa islands. The ''huilalo'' is often a mix of wheat flour, eggs and taro paste, creating a unique flavor and texture. Furthermore, fish is extremely common due to the prevalence of fish near islands. In particular, dolphinfish, tuna, swordfish, jobfish and pomfret are widely used taco ingredients, though tortoise meat is also used fairly often. Seasonings are often lightly applied and typically consist of salt, nutmeg, lemon juice and chili oil. One of the most distinct aspects of Insular tacos is the fact that the ''huilalo'' dough is typically uncooked until wrapped around meat and often steamed or baked, producing a bun like product. Despite this difference, these are still called tacos even alongside the common wrap styles that are also present.
===Ahoso===
The Ahoso style is extremely diverse and is generally divided into four broad categories; Disa'adakuo, Southern, Northern and Eastern. The main unifying features of the Ahoso style is its use of rehydrated featherback fish. The fish is extremely common and often farmed in the mainland. It is typically dried with salt and then rehydrated for use in tacos, lending mainland tacos a briny and umami taste.


==Manifestation==
The city of Disa'adakuo, with 20 million people and being the birthplace of the taco, is naturally home to more individual styles of taco than all the rest of Takatta Loa combined. Typically each street of Disa'adakuo has its own unique taco style, though all tend to use similar ingredients. Due to the high competition between street vendors, the city as serves as the focal point of culinary innovation, with many street vendors utilizing Occidental or [[Alshar|Alshari]] ingredients and techniques in order to gain an edge. This has been documented to be the primary means of diffusion of non Loa cuisine within Takatta Loa due to the Loa's general apprehension towards foreign cuisine.
How ''xolkriśgir'' manifests itself and how it is understood vary somewhat. Lonergan and McCall (2011) find that while some details of how people understand ''xolkriśgir'' are common to a particular demographic or geographic region, most appear to be idiosyncratic, suggesting that chromophobia should be approached not as a "folk belief" transmitted by oral tradition within a community, but rather as a modern mass-cultural phenomenon or protracted {{wp|moral panic}} that spreads and replicates itself through informally learned behaviour. Differences in how individuals believe the malign influence of colour photography "works" extend to its ascribed effects (e.g. whether capture of the face is the essential mechanism to cause deleterious effects, whether the subject must pose voluntarily in order to get psychically rekt), how it is accomplished (e.g. whether the act of taking the photo does it, or it needs to be developed), and its finality (e.g. whether the effects are permanent or can be abrogated by destroying photographs of the afflicted person or through any kind of folk-ritual).


There are multiple gradations of ''xolkriśgir'' in terms of how definite or vague one's beliefs surrounding colour photography are, and how dangerous one believes it to be. Toward one end of the spectrum, many believe that colour photography brings on death, {{wp|annihilationism|annihilation}}, or zombification. Others may not go as far, but still find it dangerous and unnatural and believe that it has some other less drastic and more vaguely defined supernatural effect on the subject. Toward the shallow end of the spectrum, a great many Coscivians who do not actively ''fear'' colour photography may believe it is in some way unhealthy, or at the very least find it unseemly or distasteful.
The Southern style of the river mouths deviates from the standard Ahoso style with the occasional use of red snapper in its tacos, but these are generally distinguished from the usually rehydrated fish as being red snapper tacos. This style does also notably make use of more seafood ingredients than the other styles. General examples include frying the meat in fish oil, mixing kelp into the 'huilalo', and topping it with crispy deep fried ingredients such as octopus, fish chitlins and deep fried okra.


{{wp|Photographic print toning|Sepiatone}} photographs do not trigger ''xolkriśgir'', and ''xolkriśgiróx'' people are generally not bothered by colour photographs of inanimate subjects.
The Northern style tends to follow the national style, but with the key difference of rehydration the fish in pork broth. The low demographics of Muslims in the northern regions of the Ahoso Basin means that pork becomes a very prominent ingredient in cuisine, where it tends to be less prominent to downright absent in certain regions. In addition, avocados are also used as a topping, typically chopped and sprinkled on top. As are pork chitlins, which are viewed as a defining characteristic of Northern Ahoso tacos.


===Xolkriśtívandisuvantohābur===
Eastern tacos are at times regarded as their own style due to the fact that when rehydrated, they are cooked in sugar and served with fruit and candied okra. They are rather uncommon outside of the eastern part of the river basin, due to the historical presence of sugar cane plantations predominantly in the eastern basin. Fruits commonly used are mango, banana and mamey sapote. Guava and cherry are also becoming popular ingredients due to the crops becoming more locally common in Takatta Loa however. The eastern basin also coincidentally has the highest rates of tooth decay in the nation.
{{Infobox medical condition
===Masa===
|name            = Xolkriśtívandisuvantohābur
===Sena'akono===
|synonyms        = <!-- or |synonym= -->
|image          = File:Gray ribbon.png
|image_size      = 200px
|alt            =  
|image_thumbtime =  
|caption        =  
|width          =  
|image2          =  
|image_size2    =  
|alt2            =  
|image_thumbtime2 =
|caption2        =
|width2          =
|pronounce      = ''impossible''
|pronounce 2    =
|specialty      = {{wp|tropical medicine|Subarctic medicine}}
|symptoms        = {{wp|Depersonalisation}}<br>{{wp|Derealisation}}<br>Self-negation delusions
|complications  =
|onset          = Rapid
|duration        = Months to lifelong
|types          =
|causes          = {{wp|Colour photography}}<br>{{wp|Taboo|Cultural taboos}}
|risks          = [[Coscivian civilisation#People|Coscivian ethnicity]]
|diagnosis      =  
|differential    =
|prevention      =
|treatment      = Aqueous ethanol
|medication      =
|prognosis      = Poor
|frequency      = <!-- also |incidence= or |prevalence= -->
|deaths          = At least 70
|named after    = <!-- or |eponym= -->
}}


''Xolkriśtívandisuvantohābur'', meaning "Colour-photographically induced catatonia" (a closer, but less medically accurate translation being "colour-photographically induced dementia") is a psychiatric {{wp|culture-bound syndrome}} that appears in reaction to awareness of colour photography, and is experienced exclusively by people of Coscivian cultural origin.
===Akanatoa===
===Overseas Variants===
==Culture==


The psychological symptoms of 'classic' or 'typical' ''xolkriśtívandisuvantohābur'' include rapid-onset {{wp|psychotic depression}}, soon accompanied by {{wp|depersonalisation}} and {{wp|derealisation}}. The chronic stage of the condition is characterised by delusions of self-negation similar to many forms of {{wp|Cotard's syndrome}}, with patients believing that they themselves are dead or otherwise no longer exist. Somatic symptoms typically include chronic {{wp|fatigue}}, {{wp|catatonia}}, and loss of affect. Loss of appetite and some form of mutism are also common.


<!-- Hade en hemsk mardröm inatt... Att mjölken var slut till morgonkaffet! -->


==Prevalence==
[[Category:Cuisine]]
''Xolkriśgir'' is strongest in rural areas of inland [[Great Kirav]], especially the Western Highlands, and in rural [[South Kirav]]. It is also quite pronounced in [[Koskenkorva]]. Its prevalence in overseas territories varies: It is quite uncommon in [[Sarolasta]], even among unmixed [[Kolakoskem|Sea Coscivians]]. In [[Sydona]], where much of the Austral Coscivian community is of Pelian heritage, it is generally weak but quite strong in certain rural pockets of Coscivian settlement dating from the Crusades. In Great Kirav, the prevalence and intensity of ''xolkriśgir'' show a strong positive correlation with distance from the ocean, and a weaker negative correlation with income, education, and population density.
Celtic-Kiravians, including long-settled Kiravian Celts, do not experience ''xolkriśgir'', and find Coscivians' susceptibility to it quite humorous. ''Xolkriśgir'' is less intense among [[Ĥeiran Coscivians]] than other Coscivian subgroups, perhaps as a result of prolonged cultural exchange and intermarriage with Celtic peoples. The prevalence of ''xolkriśgir'' among [[Urom]] communities continues to be investigated, and may provide some insight into the origins of the phenomenon. Urom tribes in the considerably Coscivised Xufur-Xafri-Meqav complex do experience ''xolkriśgir'', most likely due to cultural diffusion. The Wawa of Váuadra and the Wisaya of Sixua do not. Many Urom tribes of the West Coast and Western highlands, such as the Wod͡ʒagat, Pungōvak, and Varekthari, do not have colour terms in their native languages and may lack a cultural concept of colour entirely.
 
==Implications for Public Policy==
One of the most visible effects of ''xolkriśgir'' on public policy is that headshots featured on {{wp|photo ID|photo ID documents}} such as [[Passport system in the Kiravian Federacy|internal passport]] and international passport photographs must be in black-and-white. This often causes trouble for Kiravians travelling abroad or interacting with foreign businesses, who may require that identity documents feature colour photographs.
 
  -Governmental and religious efforts to combat the superstition.
 
Commercial colour photography of human subjects is banned in [[Asperidan]], [[Elegia]], [[Issyria]], [[Kannur]], [[Knassania]], [[Koskenkorva]], and [[Verakośa]].
 
[The Technicolor bombings]
 
Official portraits of all [[Federal Stanora|Stanora]] Delegates are rendered in black-and-white as a matter of course. [[Andrus Candrin]] was the first Kiravian Prime Executive to embrace colour photography, in contrast to his immediate predecessor, Irasur Mérovin, who had stated on the record that colour photographs "''kúnta thá glixélnuir''" ("make [him] uneasy"). Candrin's successor, [[Adheritus Ilkashvar|Adheritus Ilkaśvar]], opts for his official photographs to be black-and-white, but permits colour photography in the [[Kroveniren Hall]] press room.
 
[[Category:Coscivian culture]]
[[Category:KRV]]
[[Category:Cultural taboos]]
{{Template:Award winning article}}
{{Template:Award winning article}}
[[Category:2023 Award winning pages]]
[[Category:2023 Award winning pages]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:IXWB]]
[[Category:Takatta Loa]]

Revision as of 11:46, 10 August 2023

A typical plate of tacos in the Sena'akono region

The Tako, or Taco in Occidental Romanization, is a traditional dish in Loa cuisine, consisting of flatbread typically made with sourdough and wrapped about a filling of meat and vegetables. The filling is very diverse but typically consists of small rehydrated fish, river crab meat or fermented pork, ginger, okra and green onions, and is usually accompanied with a sauce of chilies, citrus and a spice blend consisting of poppy seeds, cinnamon, nutmeg and turmeric. The taco is a central aspect of Loa cuisine, with most Loa eating a variant of the dish weekly or even daily. It has even spread beyond the Vallosian subcontinent via the Loa diaspora, with notable regional variants in Pelaxia, Cartadania, Aciria, and other regions with a large Loa diaspora, like Burgoignesc Equitorial Osteicia and Sudmoll.

History

The taco originated in the 1920s after opening of the country following the events of the Takatta Loa Civil War. The government sought to expand the potential crops of the Loa and secure food safety, and so foreign crops such as wheat, potatoes, barley and lentils were introduced. Loa cuisine as a whole expanded in diversity around this time but was usually built upon older culinary traditions. The taco especially is thought to be derived from an earlier mainland street dish called losu'ihuilalo, or when translated directly "banana leaf stew". It was a mixture of meat and vegetable stew thickened and held together with taro starch and then steamed in banana leaves. These losu'ihuilalo are still regularly eaten everyday, though the connection between it and the taco is often lost.

With the introduction of wheat and flatbread into Takatta Loa, banana and lotus leaves stopped being used to hold food and instead were reserved for steaming. Around 1926, a street vendor named Hako'oa began selling huilalo which came to be a standard name for a food wrap at this time. This was the first recorded instance of a taco like food appearing, as Hako'oa also published a small pamphlet near his retirement in the same year due to illness. He passed away a year later but the pamphlet, and subsequently tacos, became popular around the nation. Tacos themselves are named on the third page, being rehydrated fish and okra (takokara huilalo as he originally called it) and are named tako due to a combination of the first two characters of takokara in the Old Loa Characters. Due to the accessibility of both of these ingredients, tacos in particular became extremely popular on the mainland and eventually in all of Takatta Loa.

In the 1950s, due to the establishment of the republic and constitution, many more Loa began migrating across the Kindreds and subsequently brought the taco with them into these regions. As a result, variations of the taco including new ingredients such as beef, chicken, tomatoes and sour cream began to emerge and eventually make their way back to Takatta Loa. The most popular of these included pork tacos and the inclusion of a chili sauce. These endure to this day and have become traditional in Loa taco cuisine. Further, during the late 20th century, Takatta Loa began to see the emergence of restaurants and restaurant chains, a previously unknown concept. The largest of these today is TakoBel'O, which specializes primarily in tacos.

Regional Variants

There are many regional variants and styles of tacos throughout not only Takatta Loa but also the world. The region with the largest number of styles is Ahoso, the birthplace of tacos. There are nearly half a dozen styles of taco in the city of Disa'adakuo alone. In addition, Takatta Loa recognizes a "national" style of tacos consisting of the original rehydrated fish and kora, which is celebrated every year on the National Taco Day of July 12th.

Insular

The Insular style of tacos is relatively eclectic due to it being far from the origin location and due to the relatively low cultural transmission from mainland cultures to the Loa islands. The huilalo is often a mix of wheat flour, eggs and taro paste, creating a unique flavor and texture. Furthermore, fish is extremely common due to the prevalence of fish near islands. In particular, dolphinfish, tuna, swordfish, jobfish and pomfret are widely used taco ingredients, though tortoise meat is also used fairly often. Seasonings are often lightly applied and typically consist of salt, nutmeg, lemon juice and chili oil. One of the most distinct aspects of Insular tacos is the fact that the huilalo dough is typically uncooked until wrapped around meat and often steamed or baked, producing a bun like product. Despite this difference, these are still called tacos even alongside the common wrap styles that are also present.

Ahoso

The Ahoso style is extremely diverse and is generally divided into four broad categories; Disa'adakuo, Southern, Northern and Eastern. The main unifying features of the Ahoso style is its use of rehydrated featherback fish. The fish is extremely common and often farmed in the mainland. It is typically dried with salt and then rehydrated for use in tacos, lending mainland tacos a briny and umami taste.

The city of Disa'adakuo, with 20 million people and being the birthplace of the taco, is naturally home to more individual styles of taco than all the rest of Takatta Loa combined. Typically each street of Disa'adakuo has its own unique taco style, though all tend to use similar ingredients. Due to the high competition between street vendors, the city as serves as the focal point of culinary innovation, with many street vendors utilizing Occidental or Alshari ingredients and techniques in order to gain an edge. This has been documented to be the primary means of diffusion of non Loa cuisine within Takatta Loa due to the Loa's general apprehension towards foreign cuisine.

The Southern style of the river mouths deviates from the standard Ahoso style with the occasional use of red snapper in its tacos, but these are generally distinguished from the usually rehydrated fish as being red snapper tacos. This style does also notably make use of more seafood ingredients than the other styles. General examples include frying the meat in fish oil, mixing kelp into the 'huilalo', and topping it with crispy deep fried ingredients such as octopus, fish chitlins and deep fried okra.

The Northern style tends to follow the national style, but with the key difference of rehydration the fish in pork broth. The low demographics of Muslims in the northern regions of the Ahoso Basin means that pork becomes a very prominent ingredient in cuisine, where it tends to be less prominent to downright absent in certain regions. In addition, avocados are also used as a topping, typically chopped and sprinkled on top. As are pork chitlins, which are viewed as a defining characteristic of Northern Ahoso tacos.

Eastern tacos are at times regarded as their own style due to the fact that when rehydrated, they are cooked in sugar and served with fruit and candied okra. They are rather uncommon outside of the eastern part of the river basin, due to the historical presence of sugar cane plantations predominantly in the eastern basin. Fruits commonly used are mango, banana and mamey sapote. Guava and cherry are also becoming popular ingredients due to the crops becoming more locally common in Takatta Loa however. The eastern basin also coincidentally has the highest rates of tooth decay in the nation.

Masa

Sena'akono

Akanatoa

Overseas Variants

Culture