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The '''Second Caphiric Republic''', also known as the '''Venceian Republic''' in Caphirian historiography, refers to the era of [[History of Caphiria|Caphirian history]] spanning 1172-1283. After a series of civil wars and disasters destabilized the [[Second Imperium]] and led to the death of the final [[Imperator]] of that regime, the [[Stratification_in_Caphiria#Patrician_class|Senatorial patrician class]] stepped into the power vacuum and established an oligarchical republic in its place. The new Republic was intended to spread power widely among the patricians but also ensure a power-sharing system which would prevent civil war. The establishment of the republic marked the formal end of the Second Imperium, and due to the series of catastrophic events in the years leading up to its establishing, the territory of the Republic was significantly smaller than that of the Second Imperium. | The '''Second Caphiric Republic''', also known as the '''Venceian Republic''' in Caphirian historiography, refers to the era of [[History of Caphiria|Caphirian history]] spanning 1172-1283. After a series of civil wars and disasters destabilized the [[Second Imperium]] and led to the death of the final [[Imperator]] of that regime, the [[Stratification_in_Caphiria#Patrician_class|Senatorial patrician class]] stepped into the power vacuum and established an oligarchical republic in its place. The new Republic was intended to spread power widely among the patricians but also ensure a power-sharing system which would prevent civil war. The establishment of the republic marked the formal end of the Second Imperium, and due to the series of catastrophic events in the years leading up to its establishing, the territory of the Republic was significantly smaller than that of the Second Imperium. | ||
Despite its limited initial geographic footprint - largely equivalent to the modern provinces of [[Amarsia]], [[Leonia]], [[Inonsia]], [[Misena]], [[Carina]], [[Alcarca]], [[Estro]] and part of [[Narico]] - the Republic managed to restore political stability and end economic chaos in the area immediately surrounding Venceia during its initial decades. By the beginning of the 13th century, the Republic was stable and economically prosperous, but still retained a significantly reduced ability to project power. The Republic did manage to reclaim some territory, largely under the authority of | Despite its limited initial geographic footprint - largely equivalent to the modern provinces of [[Amarsia]], [[Leonia]], [[Inonsia]], [[Misena]], [[Carina]], [[Alcarca]], [[Estro]] and part of [[Narico]] - the Republic managed to restore political stability and end economic chaos in the area immediately surrounding Venceia during its initial decades. By the beginning of the 13th century, the Republic was stable and economically prosperous, but still retained a significantly reduced ability to project power. The Republic did manage to nominally reclaim some territory, largely under the authority of local rulers such as [[Sebastián Pasillas]] who were given titular governorships in the Caphiric system but were de facto independent. Using this system, as well as conventional military aims, the Republic reached its zenith in around [[1235]] before entering a five decade period of decline. The Republic and its allies and governors were unable to stop the rise of [[Volonia#Truřovid_conquests|Slavic power in southern Sarpedon]]. Following decades of wars, [[Serossaccir Odobricci]] ultimately defeated the Republic in [[1283]]. He induced the government and Senate of the Republic to recognize him as Imperator, establishing the [[Third Imperium]] and ultimately continuing the existence of the Caphiric state. | ||
== Nomenclature == | == Nomenclature == | ||
Various terms have been used to describe the Caphiric state in the periods between the Second and Third Imperium. Contemporary scholars continued to use the term "the state" or "the republic", terms which were also used during the First and Second Imperiums to refer generically to the Caphiric government. Post-Second Imperium histories briefly used terms like the "interregnal republic" before adopting the convention "Venceian Republic" beginning in the 15th century. The purpose of this term was to delegitimize and disassociate the Republic from Caphiria's overall identity and history, largely for political purpose which emphasized the legitimacy and necessity of an [[Imperator]]-led system. These connotations evolved into a full rejection of the Republic's legacy by the 19th century, and many Caphirian histories did not cover the 1172-1283 period at all. This version of events was generally accepted globally through the mid-20th century, when Levantine scholarship began to emphasize the continuity of the Caphiric state. Accordingly, the term Venceian Republic remains in use in popular parlance but the term "Second Republic" is heavily preferred by scholars outside Sarpedon. | Various terms have been used to describe the Caphiric state in the periods between the Second and Third Imperium. Contemporary scholars continued to use the term "the state" or "the republic", terms which were also used during the First and Second Imperiums to refer generically to the Caphiric government. Post-Second Imperium histories briefly used terms like the "interregnal republic" before adopting the convention "Venceian Republic" beginning in the 15th century. The purpose of this term was to delegitimize and disassociate the Republic from Caphiria's overall identity and history, largely for political purpose which emphasized the legitimacy and necessity of an [[Imperator]]-led system. These connotations evolved into a full rejection of the Republic's legacy by the 19th century, and many Caphirian histories did not cover the 1172-1283 period at all. This version of events was generally accepted globally through the mid-20th century, when Levantine scholarship began to emphasize the continuity of the Caphiric state. Accordingly, the term Venceian Republic remains in use in popular parlance but the term "Second Republic" is heavily preferred by scholars outside Sarpedon. | ||