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==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
Pursat is a transliteration of the Aramaic word ''pirsa'' meaning lust with the ''tay merbutah'' the final "t" sound meaning the place lusted after. It was referred to as such because of its beautiful landscape and rich resources. Some scholars have postulated that it could have been the location of the real life inspiration for the {{wp|Bible|Biblical}} {{wp|Garden of Eden}}. | Pursat is a transliteration of the {{wp|Aramaic language|Aramaic}} word ''pirsa'' meaning lust with the ''tay merbutah'' the final "t" sound meaning the place lusted after. It was referred to as such because of its beautiful landscape and rich resources. Some scholars have postulated that it could have been the location of the real life inspiration for the {{wp|Bible|Biblical}} {{wp|Garden of Eden}}. | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
{{Further|Prevailing Winds}} | {{Further|Prevailing Winds}} | ||
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{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Prehistory}} | {{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Prehistory}} | ||
<gallery mode="packed"> | <gallery mode="packed"> | ||
File: | File:Predynastic collage (new version).jpg | ||
File: | File:Prisoners on the Battlefield Palette.jpg | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
The earliest human settlements in modern-day Pursat trace back to the Paleolithic era, evidenced by rudimentary stone tools found near the fertile banks of the local rivers. As agriculture emerged during the Neolithic period, the inhabitants established small villages and began cultivating grains (wheat and pulse is attested in the archeological record) and domesticating animals, namely dogs and several types of water fowl. By the early Bronze Age, a distinct culture began to take shape, characterized by its unique pottery and jewelry. Throughout this epoch, the people in Pursat experienced gradual cultural and technological advancements, laying the foundation for the emergence of a future complex civilization. | The earliest human settlements in modern-day Pursat trace back to the Paleolithic era, evidenced by rudimentary stone tools found near the fertile banks of the local rivers. As agriculture emerged during the Neolithic period, the inhabitants established small villages and began cultivating grains (wheat and pulse is attested in the archeological record) and domesticating animals, namely dogs and several types of water fowl. By the early Bronze Age, a distinct culture began to take shape, characterized by its unique pottery and jewelry. Throughout this epoch, the people in Pursat experienced gradual cultural and technological advancements, laying the foundation for the emergence of a future complex civilization. | ||
===Classical Antiquity=== | ===Classical Antiquity=== | ||
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Classical_Antiquity}} | {{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Classical_Antiquity|Kemeti civilization}} | ||
<gallery mode="packed"> | <gallery mode="packed"> | ||
File: | File:Thebes, Egypt, The Colossi of Memnon, Ancient Egypt.jpg|The Great Stones | ||
File: | File:Thebes, Medinet Habu, Egypt, Temple of Ramesses III, First Pylon, Ancient Egypt.jpg|Remnants of the Great Library of Kussaipis | ||
File:Maler der Grabkammer des Sennudem 001.jpg | |||
File:Caesarea.JPG|Ruins of the power naval city Aknosheh | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
In the 9th century BCE, the {{wp|Egyptian people|Kemeti}} people rose to prominence as a regional power, establishing trade networks with neighboring civilizations and developing a sophisticated system of writing based on hieroglyphs. The Kemeti pantheon, featuring gods like Re, the sun god, and Isus, the goddess of fertility, became central to Kemeti religious life. During this era, monumental structures like the Great Stones and the Temple of Amin were constructed, showcasing the Kemeti's architectural prowess. They were great slavers and traders of fine goods all along the [[Bay of Oduniyyad]] and they were also connected into the [[Pre-modern global trade|Sea of Istroya trade network]]. As desertification of the [[Great Kavir]] pushed some closer | In the 9th century BCE, the {{wp|Egyptian people|Kemeti}} people rose to prominence as a regional power, establishing trade networks with neighboring civilizations and developing a sophisticated system of writing based on hieroglyphs. The Kemeti pantheon, featuring gods like Re, the sun god, and Isus, the goddess of fertility, became central to Kemeti religious life. During this era, monumental structures like the Great Stones and the Temple of Amin were constructed, showcasing the Kemeti's architectural prowess. They were great slavers and traders of fine goods all along the [[Bay of Oduniyyad]] and they were also connected into the [[Pre-modern global trade|Sea of Istroya trade network]]. As desertification of the [[Great Kavir]] pushed some closer to the coast, the Kemeti became war-like and centralized capturing most of the coastline of modern Pursat. The Kemeti dominated the local Arabs and Pursi people. | ||
In [[42]] AD, the {{wp|Coptic Christian}} faith was founded in Pursat and local Arabs and Pursi adopted it very quickly despite violent pushback from the Kemetis. | |||
In [[ | By the 7th century AD, the once-mighty [[Kemeti civilization]] had endured millennia of prosperity and dominance. However, internal strife, political instability, and the pressure of neighboring empires had gradually weakened the Pharaonic state. The final dynasty, the Pe-ankh-em-tanenids, weakened by corruption and economic decline, struggled to maintain control over its vast territory. In [[739]], the armies of the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]], set their sights on the Kemetis. Led by the brilliant general 'Amr ibn al-'As, the Arab Muslim forces swiftly crossed the frontier and engaged the Kemeti army at the Battle of Fapohdet. Despite their valiant efforts, the Kemeti forces were no match for the disciplined and highly motivated Arab Muslim army. The defeat at Fapohdet marked the beginning of the end for the Kemeti civilization.The [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] forces continued their advance, capturing major cities and fortresses across the . In [[842]] AD, the cultural and intellectual heart of the [[Kemeti civilization]], Medvasut, fell to the invaders. The Great Library of Kussaipis was burned down by the rampaging [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphal]] forces marking the end of the [[Kemeti civilization]], at least as a centralized state. Remnants of the Pharaonic retinue and army fight for three more years but they were never victorious and the Pharaoh Atemu III died, alone in the streets, in [[843]], his family and heirs all killed by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]]. | ||
===Medieval period=== | ===Medieval period=== | ||
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Medieval_history}} | {{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Medieval_history|Oduniyyad Caliphate}} | ||
<gallery mode="packed"> | <gallery mode="packed"> | ||
File: | File:Consellor.jpg|Mamluking good | ||
File: | File:BattleOfHoms1299.JPG | ||
File:Ludwig Deutsch - The Nubian Palace Guard.jpg | |||
File:Battle of aine jalut.png | |||
File:Délégation vénitienne à Damas (musée du Louvre) (6358418295).jpg | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
The medieval period in Pursat was marked by the wars with and eventual occupation by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]]. During this time, Pursat became a crossroads of cultures and religions, with {{wp|Coptic Christianity}} and | The medieval period in Pursat was marked by the wars with and eventual occupation by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]]. During this time, Pursat became a crossroads of cultures and religions, while Islam was the state religion, the Beys of Pursat, as the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphal]] province was called, allowed some {{wp|dhimmi}}, with {{wp|Coptic Christianity}} and traditional {{wp|Ancient Egyptian Religion|Kemeti beliefs}} allowed in the province, but active conversion | ||
efforts throughout the tenure of the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]] meaning that over 80% of the province were reported as {{wp|Sunni Muslims}} by [[1150]]. Intellectual pursuits flourished under Arab rule, with Pursat's scholars making significant contributions to fields like mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Pursati architecture also underwent a transformation, incorporating Islamic influences into its designs. The Beys of Pursat were very wealthy and respected among the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphal]] court. | |||
It was during this time that the {{wp|Druze faith}} was founded in Pursat and many of the {{wp|Coptic Christians}} converted as it was most aligned with Islam and therefore more tolerated by the Arab Beys. | It was during this time that the {{wp|Druze faith}} was founded in Pursat and many of the {{wp|Coptic Christians}} converted as it was most aligned with Islam and therefore more tolerated by the Arab Beys. | ||