IxWiki

Bulkh: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Bulkh (view source)

Revision as of 20:46, 13 June 2024

768 bytes added ,  13 June
m
→‎Solar
VisualWikitext
mNo edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
Tag: 2017 source edit
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 113: Line 113:
Many scholars have criticized its governance, economy, and politics, arguing that the {{wp|real union}} with [[Burgundie]] makes Bulkh both a colony of [[Burgundie]] and also a dividing factor in the [[Daria]] region of [[Audonia]]. Proponents of the {{wp|real union}} say it has brought prosperity and raised the standard of living significantly while also preserving the traditions of the Bulkhiyeen.
Many scholars have criticized its governance, economy, and politics, arguing that the {{wp|real union}} with [[Burgundie]] makes Bulkh both a colony of [[Burgundie]] and also a dividing factor in the [[Daria]] region of [[Audonia]]. Proponents of the {{wp|real union}} say it has brought prosperity and raised the standard of living significantly while also preserving the traditions of the Bulkhiyeen.


==Geography==
[[File:Bulkh_Topo_Map.png|right|250px]]
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Iraqi_Kurdish_villagers_in_field_near_Turkish_border.jpg|Farming in Bulkhan interior
File:Zagros_iraq.png|Southern mountains, Baqunah Mountain Range
File:Wadi_Shawka_looking_North.jpg|Wadi in the Great Kavir desert
File:Basra-Shatt-Al-Arab.jpg|Coastal community
</gallery>
===Climate and environment===
{{Further|Prevailing Winds}}
[[File:Bulkh Climate Map.png|250px|right]]
Because it is a coastal state that is on the edge of the The [[Great Kavir]] desert Bulkh has three primary climate zones.
Bulkh, along with [[Burgundie|Burgoignesc]], [[Battganuur]], and [[Pursat]] is working on a largescale greening, rewilding, and de-desertification project to reclaim arable land from the [[Great Kavir]] called the [[Great Green Wall]].
== History ==
===Prehistory===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Prehistory}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
It's estimated that the first settlements in the modern area of bulk were settled around 10,000 BCE. These settlements were primarily in the interior where the [[Great Kavir]] desert is today. Some 5,000 years ago, the area was not so arid and the vegetation might have been closer to a {{wp|savanna}}. However, desertification set in around 3000 BCE, and the desert became much like it is today. This desertification pushed the people further south into what is now the known as the Bulkawan Peninsula by 4500 BCE. The interior had become mostly uninhabited by 500 BCE, and the coasts had become the primary areas of both settlement and cultivation of crops. There was still bands of nomads in the desert interior but not nearly to the same extent that there had been two or 3,000 years prior. These coastal settlements became more and more settled as the cultivation of grains and the raising of goats and sheep in the grasslands became more sustainable for the larger populations.
===Classical Antiquity===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Classical_Antiquity}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
===Medieval period===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Medieval_history}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
====Oduniyyad Caliphate and Arabization====
{{Further|Oduniyyad Caliphate}}
[[931]] - [[1483]]
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Arabslavers.jpg
</gallery>
The Bedouin peoples of the Bulkawan Peninsula were resistant to the spread of Islam and conquest by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]]. While the Caliphs claimed the land as their own, they were never able to formalize the government and taxation system to bring the Bedouin peoples to heel. During the 900s the Caliphate attempted to migrate some {{wp|Masriq|Najdi Arabs}} from the northern deserts of modern day Bulkh and to the area to punish the recalcitrant {{wp|Bedouins}}. The Umardi princes brought their culture to the area, but following the Shia schism they remained Sunni, one of the few ethnically Umardi ruled areas to do so. The Bulkawan Peninsula remained segregated between a Umardi ruling class and a Bedouin population until the fall of the Caliphate. At this point the Umardi princes were expelled back to Umalia and the various Bedouin tribes retired back into their nomadic lifestyles.
=====Salt and slave trades=====
{{Further|Oduniyyad Caliphate#Trade_Empire|Pre-modern_global_trade#Salt_trade|Pre-modern_global_trade#Oduniyyad_Caliphate's_role_in_the_spice_trade}}
====Decline of the Caliphate and the Warlords Period====
[[1483]]-[[1642]]
=== Early modern era ===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Early_modern_history}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
Following the collapse of the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]] the various Bedouin tribes retired back into their nomadic lifestyles. The area remained untouched until the arrival of the Kiravian and NATION colonial efforts in the 15somethings.
==== Istroya Oriental colony ====
{{Further|Istroya Oriental colony|Burgoignesc colonial empire}}
[[File:Bergendii_colonies_in_western_Daria.png|right|250px|Istroya Oriental colony in blue.]]
[[File:KPCCity.jpeg|right|250px]]
The area being arid was of little use to colonists. They moved on and found other more temperate sites for settlements in the late 1570s. From [[1578]]-[[1614]] there was no recorded colonial activity in the area. However, in [[1615]] a [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Martillien North Levantine Trading Company (MNLC)]] surveyor mapped the salt flats of the Chott al-Rezid and the company made a mad dash to secure the area.
===== Company rule =====
Main article: [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Martillien North Levantine Trading Company (MNLC)]]
Due to their nomadic lifestyle and their disinterest in engaging the [[occidental]]s, the [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Martillien North Levantine Trading Company (MNLC)]] largely left the Bedouins of the Bulkawan Peninsula alone and built their colonies around them. By the 1630s timber from Majanub was being brought to build a sprawling complex of fortified towns and salt mining operations. Businesses to support the efforts became very lucrative and wainwrights, shipwrights, and engineers flocked to the area. Beyond the Chott al-Rezid the [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Company]] build operations at the Chott al-Mouza and the Ben Ghilli Salt Flats. These operations brought millions into the [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Company]]’s coffers and is one of the primary financial activities that allowed for unfettered expansion in [[Audonia]]. The salt mines brought tens of thousands of colonists from [[Burgundie]], the Levantine Protestant communities on [[Torlen]] and [[Medimeria]], as well as from other parts of [[Audonia]]. The port cities of Avelie and Sant Marten both surpassed 20,000 residents in the 1690s making them bigger than [[Vilauristre]] and [[Port Diteaux]]. The back-breaking work and the blistering heat made for a seedy type coming to seek work in the colonial province of Bulkawa. This led to rapid development of the vice sectors like prostitution and drinking halls. It also required the establishment of a vast drinking liquid network. This drove the development of the tea plantations in Vitale, [[Pukhgundi]], and other parts of [[Audonia]].
In the Presidency Act of 1771, the Presidency of Bulkhawan was announced, covering much of the eastern [[Istroya Oriental colony]] but ceded some of the desert interior to the nomads as they were pushed out and forced to renounce their nomadic traditions. This led to intense bad blood between the colonial state and the locals. Colonial [[Battganuur]]i knights were brought into to escort the Bedouins from their villages, but clashes erupted in a number of areas leading to the massacre of the tribal peoples. In the 840 recorded Bedouin encampments in the area with an estimated population of 969,000 people, only 694 encampments and 539,000 people were successfully relocated. The remainder were assumed killed or dispersed into the vast desert waste. The brutal effectiveness of this dispossession of tribal homelands become a model for colonial powers post-independence powers for centuries afterwards. These “Trails of Trauma” paved the way for a huge boom in colonial growth and land redistribution. Vast areas formally reserved for the Bedouin were settled and huge irrigation projects were started to reclaim parts of the desert that were adjacent to littoral areas. There was even an ambitious plan to dredge a channel to the salt-stripped Chott al-Mouza in [[1793]] that was never realized.
Following the start of the [[Kandara|Great Slavers Bay Rebellion]], a similar call to arms led the Bedouins to unite under Ali Malik, becoming known as Malikites, a proto-communist who wanted to rid the Bulkawan Peninsula of colonial influence and establish a collective paradise. Malik gathered a force of 20,000 Bedouin cavalry and rode south to forcibly gather support for his attempts. The following year, [[1824]], he returned with an army of 250,000. It is unclear if these reports are just of combat troops or included his train, regardless it was a sight to behold. The colonial troops balked and retreated with each engagement and the few occidental soldiers and officers did their best to forestall the inevitable. Fearing the loss of their capital and the salt mines, the [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Company]] hastily made treaties across [[Audonia]] and redirected its troops to Presidency of Bulkhawan. A force of 45,000 colonial troops was formed and force-marched through the desert to meet the Malikites head-on. Arriving at the western edge of the Great Kazir desert in March of [[1825]], the colonial army set about building a camp and reinforcing its supply lines. The massive, cumbersome western-styled army immediately fell prey to the sprightly and spirited, lightning-fast raids of the Malikite army. Their supply lines disrupted and their supply of food and water dwindling, they made a forced march to the southern coast. 540 men died of starvation and thirst along the way, but the remainder were met by the navy and brought back to Sant Marten. As equatorial winter set in all they decided to wait. Garrisons were established at the salt mines and some recently created farming communities were forcibly abandoned and the men impressed into a militia. January of [[1826]] saw the first attempts by the Malikites to probe the defenses of the colonial forces. The Ben Ghilli Salt Flats came under attack January 12th. A small detachment of Malikite cavalry attacked the forward watch posts and were met with cannon fire from the fortified town. A squadron of [[Battganuur]]i knights and [[Umardwal|Umardi]] Sipahis were dispatched to try to find the main Malitike force.
===Late modern period===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Late_modern_history}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
===Contemporary period===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Contemporary_history}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
The 20th century in Bulkh saw the rapid adoption of [[Occidental]] memes such as industrialism, capitalism, urbanization, but development has been uneven, mostly occurring in its coastal regions. Following the [[First Great War]], and especially after the [[Second Great War]], Bulkh was rapidly increased its adoption of secularism, and democracy and its cultural and economic ties with [[Burgundie]]. The nation signed a constitution in [[1906]] and became a secular republic. This government set about a series of invasive modernization policies that were not popular, but any resistance was quashed by a corrupt but loyal police force and army. During the [[Second Great War]] [[Burgundie]] and Bulkh were allied against the anti-colonial powers of [[Audonia]] and [[Alshar]] and this arrangement made the government and elite incredibly rich. This income disparity as well as the [[Occidental]]ization caused a rift in the nation that ultimately led to a communist insurgency in the western part of the country during the 1960s-80s. During this period the government further embraced [[Burgundie]] and became a rising star in the globalizing world. It has become a stable global trading partner for nations and has developed a strong manufacturing sector that rivals any in the [[Middle seas region]]. Today, Bulkh is a key second tier manufacturing hub for industrializing nations and nations with moderate and lower incomes. It is also serves as a point of power projection for [[Burgundie]] in the [[Audonia]]/[[Alshar]]i interface zone, through which it also conducts its own modest power projection.
====Bulkh People's Republic====
In [[1964]], communist insurgents from [[Umardwal]] spilled into the eastern provinces of Bulkh and established a People's Republic. Federal forces attempted to route the insurgents but the vast desert and lack of development in the region led to a long and tedious campaign of attrition. A formal People's Republic of Bulkh was accepted by a referendum of the people of the western provinces in [[1968]]. At this time the [[Burgundie]] extended Operation Kipling to include the [[Bulkh#Bulkh_People's_Republic|Bulkh People's Republic]].
From [[1968]]-[[1982]] the Bulkh People's Republic (BPR) was a break away region of Bulkh that hosted its own {{wpl|agrarian socialist}} government and society. It rose in opposition to the increasingly urbanist, industrialist, and capitalist society that was forming in the aftermath of the [[Second Great War]]. Its center of power was in the market settlement of Tall Diwabjah. Despite its aims, the BPR was never successful in its attempts to fully realize its socialist ideals as it occupied mostly inarable, inhospitable desert and was, from [[1974]] until its defeat in [[1982]], constantly at war with government forces.
The BPR was most of a political movement than a defacto state and the population it oversaw were largely Bedouin nomads and transient herders who owed no particular allegiance to the BPR's government. It did some international recognition from other communist and socialist states but it was never seriously considered by most nations and had no trade arrangements with any other states. In its own internal census of [[1980]] it reported to have a population of 325,493 people, but the government of Bulkh has never reported more than 25,390 people in the areas under BPR control in the [[1965]] or [[1985]] censuses of the regions.
The BPR did enact a number of land-use policies that took away what nascent private property laws had been enacted in the early 20th century, but their was very little privately held property in the regions they controlled so these reforms were largely symbolic. The government created a Revolutionary Peoples Liberation Army which boasted, on average, 5,000 troops and a further 15,000 guerillas. While not significant in number these troops were enough to engage, confound, and occasionally defeat the Army of Bulkh throughout the 70s.
==Government and Politics==
Bulkh is a secular {{wpl|Consociationalism|Consociational}} democratically elected oligarchic state with power being shared by the elites of the majority Muslim Arab community (68% of the population) and the minority Christian (20% of the population) and Bedouin (12% of the population) communities. Representatives to the ''Constituent Council'' are directly elected by their constituency and serve for a term of 3 years. There is a 4-term limit to service on the Constituent Council.
From within the elected members of the legislative body a ''Most Elected Minister'' is elected for a 6-year period to serve as the head of the executive branch. There are no term limits to the Executive branch.
===Federal subdivisions===
Buhlk is divided into 5 provinces and a Federal District.
*The Federal District
*Southern coastal region to be named
*Central coastal region to be named
*Northern coastal region to be named
*Northern half of the interior
*Southern half of the interior
===Military===
<gallery mode="packed">
File%3AMarine_Aircraft_Group_11_at_Shaikh_Isa_airfield_1991.JPEG|Joint Burgo-Bulkh Iylia Airforce Base
File%3A2022_A188_010_P_001_001.jpg|[[Royal Air Service of Burgundie]] Fighter/interceptor Escadrille 3 of the Wind Scorpion Escadron
</gallery>
The military of Bulkh is small but highly professional. It is comprised of three branches the Army (land), the Maritime Defense Force (navy and coast guard), and the Republican Escadrille (air force and ostensibly space force).
The Army had 5 brigades (3 infantry, 1 armored, and 1 air assault). It was reformed entirely during [[Operation Kipling]] eschewing many archaic and tribalistic traditions. It is viewed as the safeguard of secular republicanism and its traditions and virtues follow those concepts. The army's strategic objectives are all defensive in nature but it's air assault brigade has some minor expeditionary capacities, within a limited scope. It is postulated that Bulkh could launch expeditionary operations against [[Battganuur]], [[Chaukhira]], [[Pursat]], [[Umardwal]], and [[Yanuban]], although sustainment would become an issue after a week of sustained fighting.
The Maritime Defense Force (MDF) is formed around 4 destroyer squadrons, with a total of 8 destroyers, 18 frigates, 29 frigates and avisos, 63 littoral patrol craft, 5 ocean going tugs, 2 hydrological survey ships, and 2 dredgers. It also has an amphibious assault craft and 3 replenishment oilers that it purchased from [[Burgundie]] in the late 1990s through the mid 2020s which constitutes its only expeditionary capability.
The MDF also has a modest air wing with 13 fighter/torpedo bombers, 19 fighter/interceptors, 17 maritime patrol/meteorological survey aircraft, and 2 AWACS.
The Republican Escadrille is a force of 7 air wings, 4 fighter/interceptors wings, two fighter/bomber wings, and one AWACS/Electronic Warfare wing. The Escadrille also oversees the countries Strategic Forces and its arsenal of ICBMs, the true number is unknown, but it is estimated that it is around 47.


==Society==
==Society==
Line 208: Line 323:
Much of the ancient surviving architecture in Bulkh is comprised of the {{wp|Islamic architecture|Islamic architectural style}} brought by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]]. Much of these are religious buildings like mosques and masjid and other are government buildings primarily in the large urban settlements that would become the cities along the coasts. In the [[[[Timeline_of_major_world_events#Early_modern_history|early modern period]], architectural influences came primarily from the [[Occidental world]], especially the styles in [[Burgundie]]. These [[Levantia|Levantine]] styles persisted and even after the collapse of the [[Burgoignesc colonial empire]] and a resurgence of [[Occidental]] architectural motifs became the norm, especially in the late 20th century, after [[Operation Kipling]]. However, in the 1990s until now there has been a revival of more classical building methods, local building materials, architectural motifs reminiscent of Islamic styles of the past. While most urban cores reflect the more [[Occidental]] styles of the late 20th century and early 21st century, other less densely populated areas are much more visually reminiscent of the previous architectural styles. In the most remote areas, in the northern part of the country, the nomadic lifestyle of {{wp|Bedouins}} has led to an almost complete absence of permanent architecture and as those populations were settled in the 20th century with the influences of {{wp|modernist architectural styles}} and thinking some of the buildings came to reflect the tent like structures used by the nomadic Bedouins.
Much of the ancient surviving architecture in Bulkh is comprised of the {{wp|Islamic architecture|Islamic architectural style}} brought by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]]. Much of these are religious buildings like mosques and masjid and other are government buildings primarily in the large urban settlements that would become the cities along the coasts. In the [[[[Timeline_of_major_world_events#Early_modern_history|early modern period]], architectural influences came primarily from the [[Occidental world]], especially the styles in [[Burgundie]]. These [[Levantia|Levantine]] styles persisted and even after the collapse of the [[Burgoignesc colonial empire]] and a resurgence of [[Occidental]] architectural motifs became the norm, especially in the late 20th century, after [[Operation Kipling]]. However, in the 1990s until now there has been a revival of more classical building methods, local building materials, architectural motifs reminiscent of Islamic styles of the past. While most urban cores reflect the more [[Occidental]] styles of the late 20th century and early 21st century, other less densely populated areas are much more visually reminiscent of the previous architectural styles. In the most remote areas, in the northern part of the country, the nomadic lifestyle of {{wp|Bedouins}} has led to an almost complete absence of permanent architecture and as those populations were settled in the 20th century with the influences of {{wp|modernist architectural styles}} and thinking some of the buildings came to reflect the tent like structures used by the nomadic Bedouins.


== History ==
==Economy==
===Prehistory===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Prehistory}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
It's estimated that the first settlements in the modern area of bulk were settled around 10,000 BCE. These settlements were primarily in the interior where the [[Great Kavir]] desert is today. Some 5,000 years ago, the area was not so arid and the vegetation might have been closer to a {{wp|savanna}}. However, desertification set in around 3000 BCE, and the desert became much like it is today. This desertification pushed the people further south into what is now the known as the Bulkawan Peninsula by 4500 BCE. The interior had become mostly uninhabited by 500 BCE, and the coasts had become the primary areas of both settlement and cultivation of crops. There was still bands of nomads in the desert interior but not nearly to the same extent that there had been two or 3,000 years prior. These coastal settlements became more and more settled as the cultivation of grains and the raising of goats and sheep in the grasslands became more sustainable for the larger populations.
 
===Classical Antiquity===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Classical_Antiquity}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
 
===Medieval period===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Medieval_history}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
 
====Oduniyyad Caliphate and Arabization====
{{Further|Oduniyyad Caliphate}}
[[931]] - [[1483]]
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Arabslavers.jpg
</gallery>
The Bedouin peoples of the Bulkawan Peninsula were resistant to the spread of Islam and conquest by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]]. While the Caliphs claimed the land as their own, they were never able to formalize the government and taxation system to bring the Bedouin peoples to heel. During the 900s the Caliphate attempted to migrate some {{wp|Masriq|Najdi Arabs}} from the northern deserts of modern day Bulkh and to the area to punish the recalcitrant {{wp|Bedouins}}. The Umardi princes brought their culture to the area, but following the Shia schism they remained Sunni, one of the few ethnically Umardi ruled areas to do so. The Bulkawan Peninsula remained segregated between a Umardi ruling class and a Bedouin population until the fall of the Caliphate. At this point the Umardi princes were expelled back to Umalia and the various Bedouin tribes retired back into their nomadic lifestyles.
 
=====Salt and slave trades=====
{{Further|Oduniyyad Caliphate#Trade_Empire|Pre-modern_global_trade#Salt_trade|Pre-modern_global_trade#Oduniyyad_Caliphate's_role_in_the_spice_trade}}
 
====Decline of the Caliphate and the Warlords Period====
[[1483]]-[[1642]]
 
=== Early modern era ===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Early_modern_history}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
Following the collapse of the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]] the various Bedouin tribes retired back into their nomadic lifestyles. The area remained untouched until the arrival of the Kiravian and NATION colonial efforts in the 15somethings.
 
==== Istroya Oriental colony ====
{{Further|Istroya Oriental colony|Burgoignesc colonial empire}}
[[File:Bergendii_colonies_in_western_Daria.png|right|250px|Istroya Oriental colony in blue.]]
[[File:KPCCity.jpeg|right|250px]]
The area being arid was of little use to colonists. They moved on and found other more temperate sites for settlements in the late 1570s. From [[1578]]-[[1614]] there was no recorded colonial activity in the area. However, in [[1615]] a [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Martillien North Levantine Trading Company (MNLC)]] surveyor mapped the salt flats of the Chott al-Rezid and the company made a mad dash to secure the area.
 
===== Company rule =====
Main article: [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Martillien North Levantine Trading Company (MNLC)]]
 
Due to their nomadic lifestyle and their disinterest in engaging the [[occidental]]s, the [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Martillien North Levantine Trading Company (MNLC)]] largely left the Bedouins of the Bulkawan Peninsula alone and built their colonies around them. By the 1630s timber from Majanub was being brought to build a sprawling complex of fortified towns and salt mining operations. Businesses to support the efforts became very lucrative and wainwrights, shipwrights, and engineers flocked to the area. Beyond the Chott al-Rezid the [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Company]] build operations at the Chott al-Mouza and the Ben Ghilli Salt Flats. These operations brought millions into the [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Company]]’s coffers and is one of the primary financial activities that allowed for unfettered expansion in [[Audonia]]. The salt mines brought tens of thousands of colonists from [[Burgundie]], the Levantine Protestant communities on [[Torlen]] and [[Medimeria]], as well as from other parts of [[Audonia]]. The port cities of Avelie and Sant Marten both surpassed 20,000 residents in the 1690s making them bigger than [[Vilauristre]] and [[Port Diteaux]]. The back-breaking work and the blistering heat made for a seedy type coming to seek work in the colonial province of Bulkawa. This led to rapid development of the vice sectors like prostitution and drinking halls. It also required the establishment of a vast drinking liquid network. This drove the development of the tea plantations in Vitale, [[Pukhgundi]], and other parts of [[Audonia]].
 
In the Presidency Act of 1771, the Presidency of Bulkhawan was announced, covering much of the eastern [[Istroya Oriental colony]] but ceded some of the desert interior to the nomads as they were pushed out and forced to renounce their nomadic traditions. This led to intense bad blood between the colonial state and the locals. Colonial [[Battganuur]]i knights were brought into to escort the Bedouins from their villages, but clashes erupted in a number of areas leading to the massacre of the tribal peoples. In the 840 recorded Bedouin encampments in the area with an estimated population of 969,000 people, only 694 encampments and 539,000 people were successfully relocated. The remainder were assumed killed or dispersed into the vast desert waste. The brutal effectiveness of this dispossession of tribal homelands become a model for colonial powers post-independence powers for centuries afterwards. These “Trails of Trauma” paved the way for a huge boom in colonial growth and land redistribution. Vast areas formally reserved for the Bedouin were settled and huge irrigation projects were started to reclaim parts of the desert that were adjacent to littoral areas. There was even an ambitious plan to dredge a channel to the salt-stripped Chott al-Mouza in [[1793]] that was never realized.
 
Following the start of the [[Kandara|Great Slavers Bay Rebellion]], a similar call to arms led the Bedouins to unite under Ali Malik, becoming known as Malikites, a proto-communist who wanted to rid the Bulkawan Peninsula of colonial influence and establish a collective paradise. Malik gathered a force of 20,000 Bedouin cavalry and rode south to forcibly gather support for his attempts. The following year, [[1824]], he returned with an army of 250,000. It is unclear if these reports are just of combat troops or included his train, regardless it was a sight to behold. The colonial troops balked and retreated with each engagement and the few occidental soldiers and officers did their best to forestall the inevitable. Fearing the loss of their capital and the salt mines, the [[Burgoignesc North Levantine Trading Company|Company]] hastily made treaties across [[Audonia]] and redirected its troops to Presidency of Bulkhawan. A force of 45,000 colonial troops was formed and force-marched through the desert to meet the Malikites head-on. Arriving at the western edge of the Great Kazir desert in March of [[1825]], the colonial army set about building a camp and reinforcing its supply lines. The massive, cumbersome western-styled army immediately fell prey to the sprightly and spirited, lightning-fast raids of the Malikite army. Their supply lines disrupted and their supply of food and water dwindling, they made a forced march to the southern coast. 540 men died of starvation and thirst along the way, but the remainder were met by the navy and brought back to Sant Marten. As equatorial winter set in all they decided to wait. Garrisons were established at the salt mines and some recently created farming communities were forcibly abandoned and the men impressed into a militia. January of [[1826]] saw the first attempts by the Malikites to probe the defenses of the colonial forces. The Ben Ghilli Salt Flats came under attack January 12th. A small detachment of Malikite cavalry attacked the forward watch posts and were met with cannon fire from the fortified town. A squadron of [[Battganuur]]i knights and [[Umardwal|Umardi]] Sipahis were dispatched to try to find the main Malitike force.
 
===Late modern period===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Late_modern_history}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
===Contemporary period===
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Contemporary_history}}
<gallery mode="packed">
</gallery>
The 20th century in Bulkh saw the rapid adoption of [[Occidental]] memes such as industrialism, capitalism, urbanization, but development has been uneven, mostly occurring in its coastal regions. Following the [[First Great War]], and especially after the [[Second Great War]], Bulkh was rapidly increased its adoption of secularism, and democracy and its cultural and economic ties with [[Burgundie]]. The nation signed a constitution in [[1906]] and became a secular republic. This government set about a series of invasive modernization policies that were not popular, but any resistance was quashed by a corrupt but loyal police force and army. During the [[Second Great War]] [[Burgundie]] and Bulkh were allied against the anti-colonial powers of [[Audonia]] and [[Alshar]] and this arrangement made the government and elite incredibly rich. This income disparity as well as the [[Occidental]]ization caused a rift in the nation that ultimately led to a communist insurgency in the western part of the country during the 1960s-80s. During this period the government further embraced [[Burgundie]] and became a rising star in the globalizing world. It has become a stable global trading partner for nations and has developed a strong manufacturing sector that rivals any in the [[Middle seas region]]. Today, Bulkh is a key second tier manufacturing hub for industrializing nations and nations with moderate and lower incomes. It is also serves as a point of power projection for [[Burgundie]] in the [[Audonia]]/[[Alshar]]i interface zone, through which it also conducts its own modest power projection.
 
====Bulkh People's Republic====
In [[1964]], communist insurgents from [[Umardwal]] spilled into the eastern provinces of Bulkh and established a People's Republic. Federal forces attempted to route the insurgents but the vast desert and lack of development in the region led to a long and tedious campaign of attrition. A formal People's Republic of Bulkh was accepted by a referendum of the people of the western provinces in [[1968]]. At this time the [[Burgundie]] extended Operation Kipling to include the [[Bulkh#Bulkh_People's_Republic|Bulkh People's Republic]].


From [[1968]]-[[1982]] the Bulkh People's Republic (BPR) was a break away region of Bulkh that hosted its own {{wpl|agrarian socialist}} government and society. It rose in opposition to the increasingly urbanist, industrialist, and capitalist society that was forming in the aftermath of the [[Second Great War]]. Its center of power was in the market settlement of Tall Diwabjah. Despite its aims, the BPR was never successful in its attempts to fully realize its socialist ideals as it occupied mostly inarable, inhospitable desert and was, from [[1974]] until its defeat in [[1982]], constantly at war with government forces.
The BPR was most of a political movement than a defacto state and the population it oversaw were largely Bedouin nomads and transient herders who owed no particular allegiance to the BPR's government. It did some international recognition from other communist and socialist states but it was never seriously considered by most nations and had no trade arrangements with any other states. In its own internal census of [[1980]] it reported to have a population of 325,493 people, but the government of Bulkh has never reported more than 25,390 people in the areas under BPR control in the [[1965]] or [[1985]] censuses of the regions.
The BPR did enact a number of land-use policies that took away what nascent private property laws had been enacted in the early 20th century, but their was very little privately held property in the regions they controlled so these reforms were largely symbolic. The government created a Revolutionary Peoples Liberation Army which boasted, on average, 5,000 troops and a further 15,000 guerillas. While not significant in number these troops were enough to engage, confound, and occasionally defeat the Army of Bulkh throughout the 70s.
==Economy==
===Industries and Sectors===
Bulkh is an industrialized nation with a strong manufacturing sector. It's close ties with [[Burgundie]] have led to a number of agreements with has allowed Burgoignesc companies to establish manufactories in Bulkh while paying local salaries, however all manufactories must comply to [[Burgundie|Burgoignesc]] health and safety standards.
Bulkh is an industrialized nation with a strong manufacturing sector. It's close ties with [[Burgundie]] have led to a number of agreements with has allowed Burgoignesc companies to establish manufactories in Bulkh while paying local salaries, however all manufactories must comply to [[Burgundie|Burgoignesc]] health and safety standards.
====Manufacturing====
===Manufacturing===
=====Shipbuilding=====
====Shipbuilding====
[[File:Bulk carrier Bulk Holland at Oil Refinery Anchorage 4, Cockburn Sound, July 2022 03.jpg|200px|right|Bulk carrier built in Bulkh.]]
[[File:Bulk carrier Bulk Holland at Oil Refinery Anchorage 4, Cockburn Sound, July 2022 03.jpg|200px|right|Bulk carrier built in Bulkh.]]
[[File:Nautilus_Maxi_(1976)_Seløy_undervannservice.jpg|200px|right|A Bulkh build cable-laying ship.]]
[[File:Nautilus_Maxi_(1976)_Seløy_undervannservice.jpg|200px|right|A Bulkh build cable-laying ship.]]
Line 299: Line 343:
*Phoenix Shipyard: This family-owned shipyard, located in the historical southern port of Qalat, has a long tradition of building small, wooden dhows for traditional fishing and coastal transportation. Their focus on preserving this cultural heritage while incorporating sustainable practices sets them apart.
*Phoenix Shipyard: This family-owned shipyard, located in the historical southern port of Qalat, has a long tradition of building small, wooden dhows for traditional fishing and coastal transportation. Their focus on preserving this cultural heritage while incorporating sustainable practices sets them apart.


=====Construction aggregate=====
====Construction aggregate====
[[File:Briqueterie au Sénégal 01.jpg|250px|right]]
[[File:Briqueterie au Sénégal 01.jpg|250px|right]]
Bulkh has a massive {{wp|sand mining}} and {{wp|elutriation}} industry in support of its {{wp|construction aggregate}} industry. It cultivates and exports 4.8 megatonnes of sand and silica. Bulkh also has {{wp|Gypsum#Mining|gypsum mining}} the excavates 12 million tonnes of the substance. These aggregates are exported or combined in {{wp|concrete}} dry-mix, and {{wp|cinderblocks}} and sold premixed and packaged around the world.
Bulkh has a massive {{wp|sand mining}} and {{wp|elutriation}} industry in support of its {{wp|construction aggregate}} industry. It cultivates and exports 4.8 megatonnes of sand and silica. Bulkh also has {{wp|Gypsum#Mining|gypsum mining}} the excavates 12 million tonnes of the substance. These aggregates are exported or combined in {{wp|concrete}} dry-mix, and {{wp|cinderblocks}} and sold premixed and packaged around the world.


====Agriculture====
===Agriculture===
Although Bulkh is mostly arid, the nation is a major agricultural producer and exporter, with over 325,300 employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing. Because of the climate the largest agricultural subsector is grazing (sheep, goats, and Zebu cattle) in the large semiarid zones. Across the country there is a mix of irrigation and dry-land farming. Plantation farming for crops like tea, rice, sugar, and rubber exist in the heavy rainfall coastal zones but the heavy winds from the interior desert keep much of the moisture restricted to the coast.
Although Bulkh is mostly arid, the nation is a major agricultural producer and exporter, with over 325,300 employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing. Because of the climate the largest agricultural subsector is grazing (sheep, goats, and Zebu cattle) in the large semiarid zones. Across the country there is a mix of irrigation and dry-land farming. Plantation farming for crops like tea, rice, sugar, and rubber exist in the heavy rainfall coastal zones but the heavy winds from the interior desert keep much of the moisture restricted to the coast.
Pisciculture is also a formidable subsector with sizable domestic and deep-water fleets, farms, and sustenance communities.
Pisciculture is also a formidable subsector with sizable domestic and deep-water fleets, farms, and sustenance communities.
Line 357: Line 401:


====Energy and electricity====
====Energy and electricity====
=====Solar=====
[[File:72,000 panel solar field at Nellis AFB.jpg|250px|right]]
[[File:72,000 panel solar field at Nellis AFB.jpg|250px|right]]
In [[2024]], Bulkh and [[Burgundie|Burgoignesc]] [[List_of_companies_by_industry_in_Burgundie#Utilities|Gaia Energy Corporation]], completed a 4,660-acre solar park and battery project. It consists of 875 megawatts (MW) of solar and 3,320 megawatt-hours (MWh) of energy storage.
In [[2024]], Bulkh and [[Burgundie|Burgoignesc]] [[List_of_companies_by_industry_in_Burgundie#Utilities|Gaia Energy Corporation]], completed a 4,660-acre solar park and battery project. It consists of 875 megawatts (MW) of solar and 3,320 megawatt-hours (MWh) of energy storage.
==Government and Politics==
Bulkh is a secular {{wpl|Consociationalism|Consociational}} democratically elected oligarchic state with power being shared by the elites of the majority Muslim Arab community (68% of the population) and the minority Christian (20% of the population) and Bedouin (12% of the population) communities. Representatives to the ''Constituent Council'' are directly elected by their constituency and serve for a term of 3 years. There is a 4-term limit to service on the Constituent Council.
From within the elected members of the legislative body a ''Most Elected Minister'' is elected for a 6-year period to serve as the head of the executive branch. There are no term limits to the Executive branch.
===Federal subdivisions===
Buhlk is divided into 5 provinces and a Federal District.
*The Federal District
*Southern coastal region to be named
*Central coastal region to be named
*Northern coastal region to be named
*Northern half of the interior
*Southern half of the interior
===Military===
<gallery mode="packed">
File%3AMarine_Aircraft_Group_11_at_Shaikh_Isa_airfield_1991.JPEG|Joint Burgo-Bulkh Iylia Airforce Base
File%3A2022_A188_010_P_001_001.jpg|[[Royal Air Service of Burgundie]] Fighter/interceptor Escadrille 3 of the Wind Scorpion Escadron
</gallery>
The military of Bulkh is small but highly professional. It is comprised of three branches the Army (land), the Maritime Defense Force (navy and coast guard), and the Republican Escadrille (air force and ostensibly space force).
The Army had 5 brigades (3 infantry, 1 armored, and 1 air assault). It was reformed entirely during [[Operation Kipling]] eschewing many archaic and tribalistic traditions. It is viewed as the safeguard of secular republicanism and its traditions and virtues follow those concepts. The army's strategic objectives are all defensive in nature but it's air assault brigade has some minor expeditionary capacities, within a limited scope. It is postulated that Bulkh could launch expeditionary operations against [[Battganuur]], [[Chaukhira]], [[Pursat]], [[Umardwal]], and [[Yanuban]], although sustainment would become an issue after a week of sustained fighting.
The Maritime Defense Force (MDF) is formed around 4 destroyer squadrons, with a total of 8 destroyers, 18 frigates, 29 frigates and avisos, 63 littoral patrol craft, 5 ocean going tugs, 2 hydrological survey ships, and 2 dredgers. It also has an amphibious assault craft and 3 replenishment oilers that it purchased from [[Burgundie]] in the late 1990s through the mid 2020s which constitutes its only expeditionary capability.
The MDF also has a modest air wing with 13 fighter/torpedo bombers, 19 fighter/interceptors, 17 maritime patrol/meteorological survey aircraft, and 2 AWACS.
The Republican Escadrille is a force of 7 air wings, 4 fighter/interceptors wings, two fighter/bomber wings, and one AWACS/Electronic Warfare wing. The Escadrille also oversees the countries Strategic Forces and its arsenal of ICBMs, the true number is unknown, but it is estimated that it is around 47.


== See also ==
== See also ==
Burgundie
8,748

edits

Retrieved from "https://ixwiki.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/77851...77944"