Bulkh: Difference between revisions
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{ | {{Infobox country|native_name = <!--e.g. France--> Bulkh | ||
{| | |||
! | |||
|conventional_long_name = | |||
| | |common_name = | ||
|image_flag = File:Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Mataram.svg | |||
| | |alt_flag = | ||
|image_coat = <!--* e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg--> | |||
* | |alt_coat = <!--alt text for coat of arms--> | ||
|symbol_type = <!--emblem/seal/... based on image_coat--> | |||
|national_motto = <!--"[[motto]]"--> Unity of purpose, unity of strength | |||
|national_anthem = | |||
|royal_anthem = <!--''[[name of/link to anthem]]''--> | |||
|other_symbol_type = | |||
|other_symbol = | |||
|image_map = | |||
|alt_map = | |||
|map_caption = | |||
|image_map2 = | |||
|alt_map2 = <!--alt text for second map--> | |||
|map_caption2 = <!--Caption to place below second map--> | |||
|capital = al Qadria | |||
|latd= | latm= | latNS = <!--capital's latitude degree/min/dir--> | |||
| | |longd= |longm= |longEW = <!--capital's longitude deg/min/dir--> | ||
! | |largest_city = | ||
| | |largest_settlement = <!--(if not a city)--> | ||
|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city--> | |||
|official_languages = <!--e.g. English, French--> | |||
|national_languages = <!--Officially recognized national languages--> | |||
< | |regional_languages = <!--Officially recognized regional languages--> | ||
| | |languages_type = <!--Other type of languages --> | ||
| | |languages = <!--Other languages list--> | ||
|ethnic_groups = | |||
| | |ethnic_groups_year = | ||
| | |demonym = | ||
|government_type = | |||
|leader_title1 = The Most Elected Minister | |||
|leader_name1 = Rahani Bintuta | |||
| | |leader_title2 = | ||
|leader_name2 = | |||
== | |sovereignty_type = | ||
|sovereignty_note = | |||
|established_event1 = | |||
|established_date1 = | |||
|established_event2 = | |||
|established_date2 = | |||
|established_event3 = | |||
|established_date3 = | |||
|established_event4 = | |||
|established_date4 = | |||
|established_event5 = | |||
|established_date5 = | |||
|established_event6 = | |||
|established_date6 = | |||
|area_rank = | |||
|area_magnitude = | |||
|area = <!-- major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first) --> () | |||
|area_km2 = <!-- major area size (in square km) --> | |||
|area_sq_mi = | |||
|area_footnote = <!-- optional footnote for area --> | |||
|percent_water = | |||
|area_label = <!-- label under "Area" (default: Total) --> | |||
|area_label2 = <!-- label below area_label (optional) --> | |||
|area_dabodyalign = <!-- text after area_label2 (optional) --> | |||
|population_estimate = | |||
|population_estimate_rank = | |||
|population_estimate_year = | |||
|population_census = | |||
|population_census_year = | |||
|population_density_km2 = | |||
|population_density_sq_mi = | |||
|population_density_rank = | |||
|GDP_nominal = | |||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = | |||
|Gini = | |||
|Gini_rank = | |||
|Gini_year = | |||
|Gini_change = | |||
|Gini_category = | |||
|HDI = | |||
|HDI_rank = | |||
|HDI_year = | |||
|HDI_change = | |||
|HDI_category = | |||
|currency = | |||
|currency_code = | |||
|time_zone = | |||
|utc_offset = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours--> | |||
|time_zone_DST = | |||
|antipodes = <!-- countries or islands antipodal to this one--> | |||
|date_format = dd-mm-yy | |||
|DST_note = | |||
|utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours--> | |||
|drives_on = right side | |||
|cctld = | |||
|iso3166code = | |||
|calling_code = | |||
|image_map3 = | |||
|alt_map3 = | |||
|footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | |||
|footnote1 = | |||
|footnote2 = | |||
<!-- ... --> | |||
|footnote7 = | |||
}} | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
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=== Golden Age === | === Golden Age === | ||
Main article: Oduniyyad Caliphate | Main article: [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] | ||
The Bedouin peoples of the Bulkawan Peninsula were resistant to the spread of Islam and conquest by the Oduniyyad Caliphate. While the Caliphs claimed the land as their own, they were never able to formalize the government and taxation system to bring the Bedouin peoples to heel. During the 900s the Caliphate attempted to migrate some Umardis to the area to remove them from southern Audonia and also to make the recalcitrant Bedouins someone else’s problem. The Umardi princes brought their culture to the area, but following the Shia schism they remained Sunni, one of the few ethnically Umardi ruled areas to do so. The Bulkawan Peninsula remained segregated between a Umardi ruling class and a Bedouin population until the fall of the Caliphate. At this point the Umardi princes were expelled back to Umalia and the various Bedouin tribes retired back into their nomadic lifestyles. | The Bedouin peoples of the Bulkawan Peninsula were resistant to the spread of Islam and conquest by the Oduniyyad Caliphate. While the Caliphs claimed the land as their own, they were never able to formalize the government and taxation system to bring the Bedouin peoples to heel. During the 900s the Caliphate attempted to migrate some Umardis to the area to remove them from southern Audonia and also to make the recalcitrant Bedouins someone else’s problem. The Umardi princes brought their culture to the area, but following the Shia schism they remained Sunni, one of the few ethnically Umardi ruled areas to do so. The Bulkawan Peninsula remained segregated between a Umardi ruling class and a Bedouin population until the fall of the Caliphate. At this point the Umardi princes were expelled back to Umalia and the various Bedouin tribes retired back into their nomadic lifestyles. | ||
=== Early modern era === | === Early modern era === | ||
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===== Company rule ===== | ===== Company rule ===== | ||
Main article: | Main article: [[Burgoignesc Kandahar-Kandara Trading Company]] | ||
Due to their nomadic lifestyle and their disinterest in engaging the | Due to their nomadic lifestyle and their disinterest in engaging the [[occidental]]s, the [[Burgoignesc Kandahar-Kandara Trading Company]] largely left the Bedouins of the Bulkawan Peninsula alone and built their colonies around them. By the 1630s timber from Majanub was being brought to build a sprawling complex of fortified towns and salt mining operations. Businesses to support the efforts became very lucrative and wainwrights, shipwrights, and engineers flocked to the area. Beyond the Chott al-Rezid the Company build operations at the Chott al-Mouza and the Ben Ghilli Salt Flats. These operations brought millions into the Company’s coffers and is one of the primary financial activities that allowed for unfettered expansion in Audonia and Alshar. The salt mines brought tens of thousands of colonists from Burgundie, the Levantine Protestant communities on Levantx and Medimeria, as well as from other parts of Audonia. The port cities of Avelie and Sant Marten both surpassed 20,000 residents in the 1690s making them bigger than Vilauristre and NordHalle. The back breaking work and the blistering heat made for a seedy type coming to seek work in the colony of Bulkawa. This led to rapid development of the vice sectors like prostitution and drinking halls. It also required the establishment of a vast drinking liquid network. This drove the development of the tea plantations in Vitale, Pukhgundi, and other parts of Alshar. Becoming the most profitable colony of the Company also made it the most important and the center for the formation of the [[Burgoignesc Kandahar-Kandara Trading Company|Burgoignesc West Punth Trading Empire]]. Seeking to exert more control on the political environment the fed into its colonies and to which it exported, the Burgundian West Punth Trading Company formed a government in Avelie and formalized its army, navy, and diplomatic corps. This was met by outrage in many nations both in Audonia and the Occidental world, however fear of embargo brought most countries to recognize the sovereignty of the empire in 1757. | ||
In the Presidency Act of 1771, the Presidency of Bulkhawan was announced, covering much of the colony of Bulkhawa but ceded some of the western interior to the nomads as they were pushed out and forced to renounce their nomadic traditions. This led to intense bad blood between the colonial state and the locals. Colonial Battagnuuri knights were brought into to escort the Bedouins from their villages but clashes erupted in a number of areas leading to the massacre of the tribal peoples. In the 840 recorded Bedouin encampments in the area with an estimated population of 969,000 people, only 694 encampments and 539,000 people were successfully relocated. The remainder were assumed killed or dispersed into the vast desert waste. The brutal effectiveness of this dispossessions of tribal homelands become a model for colonial powers post-independence powers for centuries afterwards. These “Trails of Trauma” paved the way for a huge boom in colonial growth and land redistribution. Vast areas formally reserved for the Bedouin were settled and huge irrigation projects were started to reclaim parts of the desert that were adjacent to littoral areas. There was even an ambitious plan to dredge a channel to the salt stripped Chott al-Mouza in 1793 that was never realized. | In the Presidency Act of 1771, the Presidency of Bulkhawan was announced, covering much of the colony of Bulkhawa but ceded some of the western interior to the nomads as they were pushed out and forced to renounce their nomadic traditions. This led to intense bad blood between the colonial state and the locals. Colonial Battagnuuri knights were brought into to escort the Bedouins from their villages but clashes erupted in a number of areas leading to the massacre of the tribal peoples. In the 840 recorded Bedouin encampments in the area with an estimated population of 969,000 people, only 694 encampments and 539,000 people were successfully relocated. The remainder were assumed killed or dispersed into the vast desert waste. The brutal effectiveness of this dispossessions of tribal homelands become a model for colonial powers post-independence powers for centuries afterwards. These “Trails of Trauma” paved the way for a huge boom in colonial growth and land redistribution. Vast areas formally reserved for the Bedouin were settled and huge irrigation projects were started to reclaim parts of the desert that were adjacent to littoral areas. There was even an ambitious plan to dredge a channel to the salt stripped Chott al-Mouza in 1793 that was never realized. | ||
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==== Operation Kipling ==== | ==== Operation Kipling ==== | ||
Main article: Operation Kipling | Main article: [[Operation Kipling]] | ||
==== Globalization ==== | ==== Globalization ==== | ||