User:Kir/Draftspace10: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary Tag: 2017 source edit |
mNo edit summary Tag: 2017 source edit |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
==Classes== | ==Classes== | ||
[[File:Vista PlazaVenezuela2.jpg|thumb|Weed Gang.]] | |||
Most federal subjects have only one class of second-level division, the countyship. | Most federal subjects have only one class of second-level division, the countyship. | ||
Revision as of 02:31, 16 February 2021
Second-level administrative divisions of Kiravia' (Kiravic: Idotorūix astroþeśkî Kiraviá) are those administrative-territorial formations existing directly below the federal subjects of the Kiravian Federacy.
Terminology
The generic Kiravic term for Kiravian second-level administrative divisions is amtra, usually translated as "countyship" or "county". In federal subjects where Kiravic is not the traditional or official language, local terms such as x, y, z, are used instead, but almost always translated to amtra in Kiravic. Some federal subjects with multiple classes of second-level divisions other than countyships use deneþuriguv (variously translated as "bailiwick" or "magisterial district") as the generic term.
Under the Kiravian Union, the term amtra was replaced with raīon. After the Federal Restoration this change was reversed, but a few home-rule countyships nominally retain the title of raīon for themselves, whether out of nostalgia for the Kiravian Union or simple inertia. This difference in title has no governmental significance.
Classes
Most federal subjects have only one class of second-level division, the countyship.
Subject-level laws sometimes define other classes of second-level administrative divisions distinct from counties. The most common of these is the independent city (víutisar), which is typically a populous, thoroughly urbanised municipality of special significance that is beyond the jurisdiction of any county. Independent cities exist in Ventarya (X such cities), Hanoram (2 cities), Suderavia (one city), Valtéra (one city), Iyanvar (one city), and the District of Coīnvra (one city). The East Arctic Mandate is divided into
Some sparsely-populated areas or frontier regions may be designated as districts (distriktuv). This is usually indicative of a smaller, weaker governmental apparatus with greater dependency on the subject-level government than the subject's countyships. Districts exist in Verastia Territory, West Rhuon, and various parts of Kiravian Crona.
The East Arctic Mandate is divided into raīonya and vestra ("boroughs"), with the latter being functionally equivalent to independent cities.
Types
Five broad types of countyships may be defined, based on their degree of self-governance: autonomous countyships, home rule countyships, standard countyships, limited or departmental countyships, and non-governing countyships.
Autonomous countyships have special status, enjoy wide-reaching structural, functional, and fiscal autonomy, and enjoy exemptions from generally applicable state laws. Currently, all autonomous countyships function as reservations for Aboriginal communities, though there have been proposals to create autonomous countyships for other purposes, such as to govern the Holden Island bistate condominium or to expand casino gambling.
Home-rule countyships are self-organised (the countyship government is a fiscally and legally independent corporate entity from the subject government, though functioning within the parameters of subject-level laws and charged with administrative responsibilities by the subject), and enjoy significant structural, functional, and fiscal latitude, in contrast to standard countyships, which have their structures fully and functions significantly defined by subject-wide law and are fiscally accountable to the subject. Standard countyships are by far the most common type, followed by home rule countyships. Together, standard and home-rule countyships account for the vast majority of Kiravian second-level divisions and contain almost the entirety (>96%) of the Kiravian population.
In some federal subjects, and for some specific countyships in other federal subjects, the countyship government does not exist as a separate organisation from the subject government. Rather, the countyship is administered by a dedicated geographic department of the subject government. Most such counties do not have any elected officers or a legislative body. If such a countyship has a mechanism for direct political input by the citizens of the county (e.g. elected members of the Planning Board), it is called a "limited countyship".
In some countyships there is no countyship government, but the countyship nonetheless exists on paper and may be used as a judicial, statistical, and administrative district by other government agencies. In some cases this situation arose through political reform as the responsibilities of a previous county government were devolved to municipal governments and/or resumed by the state. This has occurred in several countyships in Fariva, the X cantons of Valēka (each of which is a countyship of Kiygrava State), and all of [New small NE Kiravic-speaking state], all of which still have county courts. In most cases, however, non-governing countyships are created in areas where no previous county-level government existed, such as islands with no permanent civilian population or small federal subjects whose territory is coterminous with a single county (Interlacunal District, Fanlin Island). There have been several instances in Kiravian history when entire counties have been depopulated by war, crop failures, or other exceptional circumstances. In Kyllera, individual countyship governments can cease to function for extended periods due to unrest (usually involving the Síruku aboriginals) and disease. In Daridia, it is not uncommon for certain rural counties to elect councils with hardline libertarian majorities that either vote themselves out of existence, refuse to carry out any business, or fail to convene at all.