History of Caphiria: Difference between revisions

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==== Overthrow of Admoneptis ====
==== Overthrow of Admoneptis ====
Admoneptis was the fifth and last of the legendary kings of Caphiria. Admoneptis succeeded his brother, king Sathrindus, who had died in a "mysterious" accident during chariot racing. It is speculated that Admoneptis sabotaged the chariot and assassinated his brother to usurp the throne, but during this obscure time, the Caphirian Kingdom experienced a decline. In particular, the power of the king himself was being threatened due to the emergence of extraordinarily powerful officials, who, while they accepted the authority of the monarch, in practice acted with supreme power and began to execute their political activities similar to those of the kings.  
Following the controversial death of Sathrindus, Admoneptis ascended to the throne, becoming the fifth and last legendary king of Caphiria. His reign was a sharp departure from previous monarchs, characterized by a decline in royal authority. Powerful officials, who once worked under the umbrella of the monarchy, started gaining prominence and acted as independent entities, undermining the monarch's power. This period marked the beginning of a noticeable shift in political dynamics, which would eventually set the stage for the fall of the Caphiric Kingdom. In particular, the power of the king himself was being threatened due to the emergence of extraordinarily powerful officials, who, while they accepted the authority of the monarch, in practice acted with supreme power and began to execute their political activities similar to those of the kings.  


Admoneptis' reign was lackluster from a military perspective. The king is recorded to have stayed "in the land" (i.e., not campaigned) for almost every year of his reign, save for only three years. In 393 BC, the year of his accession, he campaigned against the Kavarnitsans, and in 374–375 BC, he campaigned against the city of Ispoli in Sokasti. It is probably from the conclusion of the 393 BC campaign that the Kavarnitsan treaty comes from. Almost all of the surviving portions of this treaty are made up of curses against the Kavarnitsans. It was customary for a Caphirian king to campaign every year, which means that Admoneptis staying in Caphiria could be a sign of domestic instability. Most kings also undertook building projects, but no construction work conducted under Admoneptis is known.
Admoneptis' reign was lackluster from a military perspective. The king is recorded to have stayed "in the land" (i.e., not campaigned) for almost every year of his reign, save for only three years. In 393 BC, the year of his accession, he campaigned against the Kavarnitsans, and in 374–375 BC, he campaigned against the city of Ispoli in Sokasti. It is probably from the conclusion of the 393 BC campaign that the Kavarnitsan treaty comes from. Almost all of the surviving portions of this treaty are made up of curses against the Kavarnitsans. It was customary for a Caphirian king to campaign every year, which means that Admoneptis staying in Caphiria could be a sign of domestic instability. The stagnation under Admoneptis wasn’t limited to military endeavors. Historically, Caphirian kings championed infrastructure and building projects, but under Admoneptis, there was a conspicuous absence of such initiatives, further underlining the growing domestic turmoil.


After his wife Demina died in childbirth, Admoneptis' mental health declined, and he gained the reputation of being an obese glutton, using emetics to be able to indulge in banquets four times a day and often having himself invited over to a different noble's house for each one. As a result, the political situation of the kingdom declined rapidly, and many revolts sprang up throughout the realm. Initially, these revolts were small and relatively peaceful, but as the public grew angrier with Admoneptis, their efforts turned violent. In response, Admoneptis began to round up the protesters and mass execute them in public squares.  
After his wife Demina died in childbirth, Admoneptis' mental health declined, and he gained the reputation of being an obese glutton, using emetics to be able to indulge in banquets four times a day and often having himself invited over to a different noble's house for each one. As Admoneptis's governance deteriorated, the realm faced multiple uprisings. Initial protests were contained and relatively non-violent, but the king’s severe response – mass public executions of dissidents – only stoked the flames of rebellion.
 
In 369 BC, the civil unrest reached its climax. [[Martyrius and Darius Lux]], two brothers with significant influence and public support, masterminded a coup in Venceia, effectively ending the Caphiric Kingdom. The final days of Admoneptis are shrouded in tragedy; he reportedly took his own life as the revolutionaries closed in on his palace.
 
While Admoneptis's reign is remembered for its decline, it inadvertently paved the way for the Caphirian Republic. Martyrius and Darius Lux, now celebrated as the "Architects of the Republic," utilized the power vacuum left behind to establish a new form of governance, fostering a republic that would last for centuries. Their reforms and political acumen would set the foundation for a system that sought to prevent the concentration of power in one individual, ensuring that the mistakes of the past would not be easily repeated.  


This conflict culminated in 369 BC, when brothers Martyrius and Darius Lux led a successful coup d'etat in Venceia, toppling the kingdom. Admoneptis is said to have killed himself before the militia entered his palace. Martyrius and Darius Lux are considered the "Architects of the Republic" as they were influential in laying the foundation for the republican government that succeeded the kingdom.
== First Republic (369 BC-109 AD) ==
== First Republic (369 BC-109 AD) ==
After the successful coup d'etat in 369 BC, the Caphirian Kingdom was overthrown and the Caphirian Republic was established by the brothers, who were collectively known as ''[[fratres lucis]]''. This marked the end of the monarchy and the beginning of a new form of government in Caphiria.
The First Republic of Caphiria was established by the brothers Martyrius and Darius Lux in 369 BC, after their successful coup d'etat. They became known as the ''fratres lucis'', or brothers of light.


In the immediate aftermath of the coup, [[Martyrius and Darius Lux]] assumed control of the government and began the process of establishing the new Republic. They first abolished the monarchy and declared that all citizens were equal under the law. They also established a new system of governance, in which power was divided among several branches: the Senate, which was made up of elected officials and acted as the legislative branch; the Assemblies, which were made up of citizens and acted as the judicial branch; and the office of the Consul, which was held by two elected officials who acted as the executive branch.
In the immediate aftermath of the coup, Martyrius and Darius Lux assumed control of the government and began the process of establishing the new Republic. They first abolished the monarchy and declared that all citizens were equal under the law. They also established a new system of governance, in which power was divided among several branches: the Senate, which was made up of elected officials and acted as the legislative branch; the Assemblies, which were made up of citizens and acted as the judicial branch; and the office of the Consul, which was held by two elected officials who acted as the executive branch.


Martyrius also introduced a number of social and political reforms, including the establishment of a legal system and the introduction of a new constitution. These reforms were intended to create a more just and equitable society, and they were met with widespread support from the people of Caphiria. One of the most important reforms were the First Land Reforms, known as the ''terra alteratio''. These reforms were significant and far-reaching, including the redistribution of land, the implementation of new farming techniques, new crops such as peas and beans, and the creation of land banks (''terracreditor'') which provided loans to farmers and other land seekers, allowing them to purchase land.
Martyrius also introduced a number of social and political reforms, including the establishment of a legal system and the introduction of a new constitution. These reforms were intended to create a more just and equitable society, and they were met with widespread support from the people of Caphiria. One of the most important reforms were the First Land Reforms, known as the ''terra alteratio''. These reforms were significant and far-reaching, including the redistribution of land, the implementation of new farming techniques, new crops such as peas and beans, and the creation of land banks (''terracreditor'') which provided loans to farmers and other land seekers, allowing them to purchase land.