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== Education == | == Education == | ||
{{Main|Education in Cartadania}} | {{Main|Education in Cartadania}} | ||
Education in Cartadania is a foundational pillar of its societal fabric, characterized by a comprehensive and compulsory structure. The system encompasses early childhood education, elementary, and secondary education, providing a consistent trajectory from infancy to adolescence. Public education is universally accessible and encompasses a diverse range of subjects, ensuring a well-rounded academic experience. The educational journey begins with early childhood education (anteprimária), offered from infancy to five years of age, providing essential early learning and development opportunities. Elementary education (primária) follows, spanning five to six years and delivering a uniform foundation for students across states. Secondary education, termed ''Escola secundária,'' consists of two stages: ''Escola inferior'' or middle schools, lasting three years with mid-year and exit exams, and ''Escola superior'' or high schools, spanning four years with a second-year exam and senior proficiency assessment. Students are required to fulfill diploma requirements before exiting school. This three-tier structure ensures a gradual transition through different academic stages. Private school attendees also adhere to their state board of education's curriculum. | |||
While education is primarily regulated by state and territorial governments, a federal framework guides curriculum standards to ensure consistency and quality across the nation. The [[Department of Education (Cartadania)|Department of Education]] oversees these standards and provides financial support to schools and districts that comply. In practice, all state and territorial governments mandate adherence and conduct auditing to ensure funding is maintained. | |||
Students | Students engage in a diverse curriculum, including mathematics, history, biology, and Cartadanian language and composition. Foreign language learning is compulsory, with Pelaxian and Latin being popular choices due to their linguistic proximity. Some states have a mandatory second language that must be taught, while others may give students options to choose from. The starting point for linguistic attainment varies from state to state, with some starting as early as first year of attendance, while others may start in later years. Schools operate on a calendar-year system throughout the country, with breaks structured around holidays and seasons. In practice, most states maintain a school year that begins in mid- to late-January and ends in early- to mid-December, with breaks between. This scheduling is in contrast with the University schedules in the country, which usually runs from August of one year to May of the following year (the international standard), so many students will work or find other activities to participate in from their graduation in December until they begin university in August of the following year. While this eight month gap has been criticized by some as potentially causing an education retention issue for students, most students appreciate the break as a moment to breathe from 12-17 years of education. Some students will also enroll in a Fall term (January-May) at the university they intend to attend. | ||
Public universities in Cartadania, with the exception of those situated in the [[Alahuela|capital]], fall under the purview of state and territorial administrations. This decentralized approach empowers regional authorities to tailor higher education to their specific contexts, fostering diversity and specialization in the post-secondary landscape. As a result, Cartadania's post-secondary education system comprises a rich tapestry of institutions, each characterized by unique admission prerequisites and a spectrum of academic offerings. This multifaceted arrangement ensures that students have access to a broad spectrum of educational pathways, enriching the nation's intellectual and professional tapestry. Unlike primary and secondary schools, universities have no prescribed curriculum that they must adhere to. The Office of Post-Secondary education under the Department of Education makes recommendations to each university in the country, but the responsibility of implementation falls to the respective state, territory, and in some cases, the universities or university systems themselves. | |||
== Science and technology == | == Science and technology == |