Culture of Cartadania: Difference between revisions

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== Education ==
== Education ==
{{Main|Education in Cartadania}}
{{Main|Education in Cartadania}}
Education in Cartadania is a foundational pillar of its societal fabric, characterized by a comprehensive and compulsory structure. The system encompasses early childhood education, elementary, and secondary education, providing a consistent trajectory from infancy to adolescence. Public education is universally accessible and encompasses a diverse range of subjects, ensuring a well-rounded academic experience. The educational journey begins with early childhood education (anteprimária), offered from infancy to five years of age, providing essential early learning and development opportunities. Elementary education (primária) follows, spanning five to six years and delivering a uniform foundation for students across states. Secondary education, termed ''Escola secundária,'' consists of two stages: ''Escola inferior'' or middle schools, lasting three years with mid-year and exit exams, and ''Escola superior'' or high schools, spanning four years with a second-year exam and senior proficiency assessment. Students are required to fulfill diploma requirements before exiting school. This three-tier structure ensures a gradual transition through different academic stages. Private school attendees also adhere to their state board of education's curriculum.


Public education in Cartadania is free and compulsory from age 5 through 17 or 18 years of age. It is divided into elementary (primária) and secondary (secundária) years, with a traditional three-tier school plan.
While education is primarily regulated by state and territorial governments, a federal framework guides curriculum standards to ensure consistency and quality across the nation. The [[Department of Education (Cartadania)|Department of Education]] oversees these standards and provides financial support to schools and districts that comply. In practice, all state and territorial governments mandate adherence and conduct auditing to ensure funding is maintained.


Students spend five to six years in an elementary school and seven years in a secondary school, itself divided into middle and high school of three and four years respectively. Primary education is uniform for all students within their respective states but may differ across states. Students who attend private schools are still bound by their state board of education’s curriculum. Secondary education (Escola secundária) is divided into two stages: ''Escola inferior,'' known as middle schools and last three years with a middle year exam and exit exam, and ''Escola superior'', known as high schools and lasts four years with a second-year exam and fourth year senior proficiency assessment. Cartadania does not allow students to exit schools without completion of diploma requirements.
Students engage in a diverse curriculum, including mathematics, history, biology, and Cartadanian language and composition. Foreign language learning is compulsory, with Pelaxian and Latin being popular choices due to their linguistic proximity. Some states have a mandatory second language that must be taught, while others may give students options to choose from. The starting point for linguistic attainment varies from state to state, with some starting as early as first year of attendance, while others may start in later years. Schools operate on a calendar-year system throughout the country, with breaks structured around holidays and seasons. In practice, most states maintain a school year that begins in mid- to late-January and ends in early- to mid-December, with breaks between. This scheduling is in contrast with the University schedules in the country, which usually runs from August of one year to May of the following year (the international standard), so many students will work or find other activities to participate in from their graduation in December until they begin university in August of the following year. While this eight month gap has been criticized by some as potentially causing an education retention issue for students, most students appreciate the break as a moment to breathe from 12-17 years of education. Some students will also enroll in a Fall term (January-May) at the university they intend to attend.


Funding for education depends largely on where it is located. Most often, schools and their respective districts receive funding from the federal government, their state government, the locality/localities the district may operate in, and in many cases from taxation of residents within attendance boundaries. Because education is largely controlled by state and territorial governments, internal structure varies by jurisdiction. The federal government’s Department of Education sets forth a curriculum that each state and territory must maintain at minimum at any given time. Failure to comply can result in a district or even the state or territory losing funding from the federal government or federal assumption of responsibility for the school.
Public universities in Cartadania, with the exception of those situated in the [[Alahuela|capital]], fall under the purview of state and territorial administrations. This decentralized approach empowers regional authorities to tailor higher education to their specific contexts, fostering diversity and specialization in the post-secondary landscape. As a result, Cartadania's post-secondary education system comprises a rich tapestry of institutions, each characterized by unique admission prerequisites and a spectrum of academic offerings. This multifaceted arrangement ensures that students have access to a broad spectrum of educational pathways, enriching the nation's intellectual and professional tapestry. Unlike primary and secondary schools, universities have no prescribed curriculum that they must adhere to. The Office of Post-Secondary education under the Department of Education makes recommendations to each university in the country, but the responsibility of implementation falls to the respective state, territory, and in some cases, the universities or university systems themselves.
 
Public universities in Cartadania are maintained by the state and territorial governments, except those that exist within the capital, which are maintained by the Department of Education. Post-secondary education in Cartadania is a broad area and there can be little uniformity between the institutions. It is governed separately from the elementary and secondary school system. Generally, admission to a university requires that a student meet certain academic requirements. Costs are determined by residency and income during the application and registration processes.


== Science and technology ==
== Science and technology ==

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