Criminal justice system of Caphiria: Difference between revisions

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 == Criminal court system ==
 === Hierarchy of courts ===
+{{main|Court system of Caphiria}}
 Caphiria has a court system divided into two broad categories - national and local - with five primary courts (''prima atrium legis'') and several special courts (''solutus'' ''atrium legis''). National courts generally have jurisdiction over all civil and criminal matters triable in the judicial system, whereas local courts are restricted to minor civil matters involving amounts of money up to $1,000,000 and also the majority of criminal and summary prosecutions.
-==== National ====
-===== Supreme Court =====
-{{main|Supreme Court (Caphiria)}}
-The [[Supreme Court (Caphiria)|Supreme Court of Caphiria]] (''Tribunalis Ultima'') is the highest court within Caphiria and ensures the correct application of law in the inferior and appeal courts and resolves disputes as to which lower court (penal, civil, administrative, military) has jurisdiction to hear a given case. The Supreme Court can reject or confirm a sentence from a lower court. If it rejects the sentence, it can order the lower court to amend the trial and sentencing, or it can annul the previous sentence altogether. A sentence confirmed by the Supreme Court is final and definitive, and cannot be further appealed for the same reasons. Decisions ruled as part of a proceeding in the Supreme Court cannot be overruled elsewhere, unless the relevant law is changed by ''senatus consultum''. Although the Supreme Court cannot overrule the trial court's interpretation of the evidence it can correct a lower court's interpretation or application of the law connected to a specific case
-===== Court of Appeals =====
-The Court of Appeals are the intermediate appellate courts of Caphiria, with original and appellate jurisdiction to hear cases involving defendants accused of felonies. The Court of Appeals also may hear from the district courts within their borders, or in some instances from other designated national courts and administrative agencies. Three divisions are created within these courts: the criminal division, the labor division, and the civil division, which rules in civil, family and economic law matters. An inspection chamber may be also created to control the courts within the appeal court's jurisdiction
-===== District Courts =====
-District Courts are the courts of first instance for the national judicial system of Caphiria. The district court is both the court of original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction. As an appellate court, it hears appeals from the local courts within its territory, usually in specially designed appellate divisions, or, in the case of smaller district courts, sections. There are also limited cases in which this court has original jurisdiction. District courts are courts of law, equity, and admiralty, and can hear both civil and criminal cases.
-District Courts have original jurisdiction in felony cases and in civil cases where the disputed amount is over $1,000,000. They also handle bankruptcy hearings. Each District Court trial is presided over by at least one judge: two associate judges are also called in for appellate cases from local courts, or for criminal cases where the maximum penalty would be in excess of one year in prison. Attorneys sit on either side of the courtroom, facing the center. In a criminal case, the accused faces the judges from the rear of the courtroom. The witness box is in the center, also facing the judges.
+==== National courts ====
-==== Local ====
+The highest court in Caphiria is the [[Supreme Court (Caphiria)|Supreme Court of Caphiria]] (''Tribunalis Ultima'') which ensures the correct application of law in the inferior and appeal courts and resolves disputes as to which lower court (penal, civil, administrative, military) has jurisdiction to hear a given case. From a criminal law perspective, the Supreme Court is focused on charges brought against the Imperator and serious First-class felonies. Under the Supreme Court is the Court of Appeals, which serves as the intermediate appellate courts of Caphiria, with original and appellate jurisdiction to hear cases involving defendants accused of first-class felonies or serious second-class felonies. The last type of national court are District Courts, which are the courts of first instance for the national judicial system of Caphiria. The district court is both the court of original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction. As an appellate court, it hears appeals from the local courts within its territory, usually in specially designed appellate divisions, or, in the case of smaller district courts, sections. There are also limited cases in which this court has original jurisdiction. District courts are courts of law, equity, and admiralty, and can hear both civil and criminal cases as long as it relates to national law.
-===== Provincial courts =====
-===== Prefectural courts =====
+==== Local courts ====
-==== Special ====
+At the top of local courts are Provincial courts, which deal with criminal cases that tend to be second-class felonies in nature, or multiple delicts such as assault, baiting, or intentional infliction of emotional distress. Proceedings are generally open to the public, but access can be restricted for example in cases about sexual offences. The lowest court of Caphiria are prefectural courts, which are general administrative courts that handle numerous types of cases relating to disputes between private persons and the authorities. Prefectural courts handle criminal cases where imprisonment is for less than three years such as petty hooliganism, public drunkenness, and serious traffic violations of a non-criminal nature.
 === Legal proceedings ===
 ==== Information ====
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 [[category:Judiciary of Caphiria]]
 [[Category:Laws of Caphiria]]
+{{Template:Award winning article}}
+[[Category:2022 Award winning pages]]
+[[Category:IXWB]]

Criminal justice system of Caphiria: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 11:29, 10 August 2023