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The '''Imperial Government of Caphiria''', (colloquially referred to as The Imperium) is the national government of the [[Imperium of Caphiria]], which covers 18 Provinces (''Banlieueregio''), two autonomous regions, and one special administrative region, as well as several island possessions. The Government of Caphiria is organized into three main ''Triumirs'', or branches, which are Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Power is vested by the Constitution of Caphiria in the Imperator, Senate, and Supreme Court, respectively.
The '''Imperial Government of Caphiria''', (colloquially referred to as The Imperium) is the national government of the [[Imperium of Caphiria]], which covers 22 Provinces (''Banlieueregio'') and several overseas possessions, colonies, and territories. The Government of Caphiria is organized into three main ''Triumirs'', or branches, which are Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Power is vested by the Constitution of Caphiria in the [[Imperator]], [[Corcillum]], and Supreme Court, respectively.


In theory, the Imperium of Caphiria operates as a unitary constitutional republic, with ultimate authority in every judicial, executive, and legislative matter being derived from its constitution. In practice however, Caphiria is functionally autocratic (and for all intents and purposes would be an autocratic-caesaropapist constitutional republic), with immense power is vested in a single leader - the Imperator of Caphiria - who serves as head of state and chief executive. Historically, the Imperator ruled by divine right but recently most of the powers of the Imperator have been set forth in Proclamation 9 of the Constitution. This leads to a highly complex system of de jure and de facto authority within the government as powers and duties are not clearly delineated.
In theory, the Imperium of Caphiria operates as a unitary constitutional republic, with ultimate authority in every judicial, executive, and legislative matter being derived from its constitution. In practice however, Caphiria is functionally autocratic (and for all intents and purposes would be an autocratic-caesaropapist constitutional republic), with immense power is vested in a single leader - the Imperator of Caphiria - who serves as head of state and chief executive. Historically, the Imperator ruled by divine right but recently most of the powers of the Imperator have been set forth in Proclamation 9 of the Constitution. This leads to a highly complex system of de jure and de facto authority within the government as powers and duties are not clearly delineated.
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The Imperator also serves as military commander-in-chief and chief diplomat, directly presiding over the 13 million active-duty military personnel, 7 million employees within the executive branch, and 4 ministries. While the Imperator possess near limitless executive power, the Senate has the ability to legally oppose most of the Imperator's actions by a super-majority.
The Imperator also serves as military commander-in-chief and chief diplomat, directly presiding over the 13 million active-duty military personnel, 7 million employees within the executive branch, and 4 ministries. While the Imperator possess near limitless executive power, the Senate has the ability to legally oppose most of the Imperator's actions by a super-majority.
=Legislative branch=
=Legislative branch=
{{main|Senate of Caphiria}}
{{main|Corcillum}}
As the legislative branch for the Imperium, the Senate of Caphiria - known traditionally as the Imperial Senate - separates into two distinct representative bodies. First, the Curiate Assembly (''Comitia Curiata'') occupies itself with the fiscal responsibilities of the Senate and gives legitimacy to legislation by its support. Second, the Consular Congress (''Comitium Consularis'') writes bills and provides a second democratic check on enacting new laws. Specific executive or legislative tasks can be delegated to a ''Decemvirate'', a commission of ten patricians who have the authority to write a bill on specific matter before presenting it to the Senate for legislation. The general structure of the Senate remains unchanged since its institution in 1066 and its broader functions are the same from when they were delegated in 1191 by the Constitution. Nevertheless, the specific powers of its houses have varied considerably over the last millennium, sometimes overshadowing and at other times being overshadowed by the Imperator.


The Lower house is the Curiate Assembly (''Comitia Curiata'') but tradition is to refer to it as the ''Curia'' (Assembly). Occupying the lower house of the Senate are 2000 directly elected representatives of the citizens. These members of the Assembly, officers of regular legislation, are referred to as Senators (''Senatores''). Each senator represents 900,000 citizens of a ''curia'', a contiguous political district within the Imperium. Regular bills need a 51% senatorial majority to become ''senatus consultum'' (decree of the senate). Such a bill will be posted in the Forum the following morning for review by magistrates and citizens. Afterward, the Imperator has the power to either enact or veto the bill, unless it carries a supermajority in the Senate.
The legislative branch of Caphiria is called [[Corcillum|The Corcillum]], a tetracameral legislature consisting of four chambers: the [[National Assembly (Caphiria)|National Assembly]], [[Military Assembly (Caphiria)|Military Assembly]], [[Tribunal Assembly (Caphiria)|Tribune Assembly]], and the [[Senate (Caphiria)|Senate]]. A combination of ''mais maiorum'' and statute determines the roles of each chamber. Many measures must be considered by more than one chamber, and these measures are known as "final decrees" (''consultum ultimum'') as their decisions cannot be overridden due to their acceptance by more than one chamber.


Presiding over the Assembly is the President of the Senate (''Princeps Senatus''), a magistrate with no voting power but who decides the vote in the event of a tie, sways the opinion of senators by his influence, and can nullify a maximum of 10 votes with a valid reason. His duties as president include calling the either house of the Senate to assemble, issuing the final legislative position of the Assembly, maintaining order during parliamentary discussions, and delivering messages from the Assembly in person to the Imperator. As figurehead of the Senate, the Princeps is often the public face for the legislature, speaking to the people of Caphiria several times a year.
The four chambers are divided into two categories; those which are said to be "representative", which are the Senate and National Assembly, and those which are said to be "meritorious", which are the Military and Tribunal Assemblies. The representative assemblies are viewed as a direct voice of the people of Caphiria within the nation's decision-making, whereas the meritorious chambers are the voice of those who are viewed to have sacrificed on behalf of the nation as a consequence of their service.


The Senate's Upper house is the Consular Congress (''Comitium Consularis''), a body that traces its origins to the First Republic. Members of Congress are Consuls (''Consules'') but are not like the bureaucrats who bore their name during the First Republic. Consuls are unique in that they govern and represent the Imperium's major cultural groups - ''Foederatae'' - and maintain the concept of stratification, which in Caphiria is incredibly complex and diverse, encompassing both legal and social status. An individual consul wields significant power as a magistrate, taking part in both the legislative process through his ''auctoritas nationalis'' and the executive process through his ''imperium foederalis'' over his particular Foederatae.
Each chamber functions semi-autonomously from one another and as a result, the National Assembly has nominal authority over the entire Corcillum which means the National Assembly is functionally the national legislature. The Military Assembly is composed of every Commander in the [[Imperial Armed Forces of Caphiria|Imperial Armed Forces]] and are responsible of the conduct of wars as well as the prosecution of war and peace. The Tribune Assembly is composed of [[Magistrates of Caphiria#Non-parliamentary%20magistrates|non-parliamentary magistrates]] such as Aediles, Proaediles, Censores, and more. The Tribune Assembly is responsible for nationwide administrative tasks, and the organizing and reorganization of provinces and regions. The fourth chamber, the Senate, deals with national economic policy and treaties relating to trade, succession, grants of nobility, and more. Members of the National Assembly and Senate are chosen through direct election and every member of the Corcillum is elected to a five-year term. Through their legislative role, the Imperator is the legal head of the Corcillum (and by extension the head of each chamber) but rarely executes this power. The most-senior official in the Corcillum is the leader of the [[National Assembly (Caphiria)|National Assembly]] - the First Tribune.
 
Consuls are apportioned a number of votes equal to the proportion of the citizens he represents to the total population, determined by the Census. Accordingly, the most powerful consul is the Consul Regio with 14 votes out of 210. Groups like the Jews, who otherwise have no representation in the government, receive a surprising number of votes - in their case 13 split among their three consuls. As figurehead for an entire people, a consul is an example for the customs of his people and his treatment relative to the others is taken as evidence for the relative standing of his nation. Like the Curia, a majority in the Congress is needed for a bill to pass. Unique among the legislative powers of the Congress is the power to write legislation.
 
By convention, both houses of the Senate regularly convene every Saturday. Typically, there is a session in the morning, a break for midday meal, then another session in the afternoon. The Princeps Senatus may call senators from their homes across the empire to a meeting the next day if there is legislation to debate or important matters requiring the attention of the government. A senator can expect to find himself in the Senate about a hundred to one hundred and fifty days a year.
=Judicial branch=
=Judicial branch=
The judicial branch for the Imperium is the Supreme Court (''Tribunalis Ultima'') which is itself a function of the Ministry of Justice which administers and oversees the overall judicial system. Decisions ruled as part of a proceeding in the Supreme Court cannot be overruled elsewhere, unless the relevant law is changed by senatus consultum. The Supreme Court system has gradually gained a tremendous amount of oversight and control over the application of the law, having the power to declare legislation or executive action made at any level of the government as unconstitutional, nullifying the law and creating precedent for future law and decisions.
The judicial branch for the Imperium is the [[Supreme Court (Caphiria)|Supreme Court]] (''Tribunalis Ultima'') which is itself a function of the Ministry of Justice which administers and oversees the overall judicial system. Decisions ruled as part of a proceeding in the Supreme Court cannot be overruled elsewhere, unless the relevant law is changed by senatus consultum. The Supreme Court system has gradually gained a tremendous amount of oversight and control over the application of the law, having the power to declare legislation or executive action made at any level of the government as unconstitutional, nullifying the law and creating precedent for future law and decisions.


In Caphiria, judges are public officials and, since they exercise one of the sovereign powers of the Imperium, only citizens of the Imperium are eligible for judgeship. In order to become a judge, applicants must obtain a degree of higher education as well as pass written and oral examinations. However, most training and experience is gained through the judicial organization itself. The potential candidates then work their way up from the bottom through promotions. Caphiria's independent judiciary enjoys special constitutional protection from the executive branch. Once appointed, judges serve for life and cannot be removed without specific disciplinary proceedings conducted in due process before the Supreme Court. The Ministry of Justice handles the administration of courts and judiciary, including paying salaries and constructing new courthouses. The Ministry of Justice also administer the prison system. Lastly, the Ministry of Justice receives and processes applications for presidential pardons and proposes legislation dealing with matters of civil or criminal justice.
In Caphiria, judges are public officials and, since they exercise one of the sovereign powers of the Imperium, only citizens of the Imperium are eligible for judgeship. In order to become a judge, applicants must obtain a degree of higher education as well as pass written and oral examinations. However, most training and experience is gained through the judicial organization itself. The potential candidates then work their way up from the bottom through promotions. Caphiria's independent judiciary enjoys special constitutional protection from the executive branch. Once appointed, judges serve for life and cannot be removed without specific disciplinary proceedings conducted in due process before the Supreme Court. The Ministry of Justice handles the administration of courts and judiciary, including paying salaries and constructing new courthouses. The Ministry of Justice also administer the prison system. Lastly, the Ministry of Justice receives and processes applications for presidential pardons and proposes legislation dealing with matters of civil or criminal justice.
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As a function of the Ministry of Justice, the High Judge also serves as Prime Minister of the Ministry of Justice which has its own place within the judicial system. The Ministry of Justice arranges the ''album judicum'' - a list of every licensed jurist eligible for judging cases in a lawful court - and decides on the time and place of sessions in every Caphirian court of law. It also serves as the backbone for all of the Imperium's provincial and municipal court systems. Each provincial government possesses its own provinciarum judex, or provincial judge, who is subservient to the Ministry of Justice. While provincial judges have some leniency with their rulings and interpretations of the law, they are bound to the interpretation of law from the Ministry of Justice as a whole, meaning any ruling in one province will immediately affect the others.
As a function of the Ministry of Justice, the High Judge also serves as Prime Minister of the Ministry of Justice which has its own place within the judicial system. The Ministry of Justice arranges the ''album judicum'' - a list of every licensed jurist eligible for judging cases in a lawful court - and decides on the time and place of sessions in every Caphirian court of law. It also serves as the backbone for all of the Imperium's provincial and municipal court systems. Each provincial government possesses its own provinciarum judex, or provincial judge, who is subservient to the Ministry of Justice. While provincial judges have some leniency with their rulings and interpretations of the law, they are bound to the interpretation of law from the Ministry of Justice as a whole, meaning any ruling in one province will immediately affect the others.
=Budget=
=Budget=
For fiscal year (FY) 2026, the imperial government spent $20.9 trillion, equaling approximately half of its GDP. The deficit equaled $5.7 trillion, approximately 13% of GDP. Tax revenue amounted to $15.2 trillion, approximately 37% of GDP.
For fiscal year (FY) 2026, the imperial government spent a total $23.7 trillion, equalling 41% of its GDP. The deficit equalled $779.7 billion, or 1.4% of GDP. Tax revenue amounted to $16.6 trillion and non-tax revenue amounted to $6.3 trillion, with total revenues equalling $22.9 trillion.  


Caphiria's domestic debt amounted to $2.7 trillion and with its foreign debt reaching $7.7 trillion, its total debt is $10.5 trillion. Caphiria's debt-to-GDP ratio is 19.2%.
[[category:Caphiria]]
[[category:Caphiria]]
[[category:Politics of Caphiria]]
[[category:Politics of Caphiria]]
[[category:Government of Caphiria]]
[[category:Government of Caphiria]]
[[category:Politics]]
[[category:Politics]]
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