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Government of Urcea: Difference between revisions
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{{Main|Procurator}} | {{Main|Procurator}} | ||
The Urcean executive branch is legally and nominally | The Urcean executive branch is legally and nominally led by the '''Apostolic King''', who serves as Chief Executive and Head of State. Under the terms of the [[Constitution of Urcea]], his powers are not that of Absolute Monarch and the constitutional tradition will limit his direct interference in the day-to-day affairs of the national government in addition to the affairs of subsidiary and local governments. The King wields a considerable amount of political influence and can constitutionally arbitrate deadlocks between the [[Procurator]] and [[Concilium Purpaidá]], giving the King a major role in the governance of the Kingdom at various points. The King, critically, has the authority to declare war, though his declarations must be ratified by the [[Concilium Daoni]] by a majority vote. According to [[Democratic Labor Party v. His Most Christian Majesty's Government|case law]], the position of Apostolic King is not a public office but rather an "indelible quality" of the man seated on the Julian Throne. | ||
In addition to the power of the King to settle disputes between the Procurator and the Concilium Purpaidá, the King has several other domestic powers based on his own prerogative. The most commonly used power is that of appointment; all of the officers of the Armed Forces are appointed by the King himself, usually through his [[Apostolic_King_of_Urcea#Household_Office_for_Commissions_in_His_Most_Christian_Majesty's_Armed_Forces|Household Office for Commissions]], and the King also selects some members of the [[Criminal_justice_system_of_Urcea#Hierarchy_of_courts|Urcean judiciary]] through the appropriate [[Apostolic_King_of_Urcea#Household_Office_for_Judicial_Appointments|Household Office]]. Most importantly, the King nominates a list of candidates for [[Censor (Urcea)|Censor]] to be narrowed down by the [[Urcean Conference of Catholic Bishops]]. The King also, on consultation with the [[Procurator]], appoints Governors-General of the royal holds and Rectors of overseas territories. The King also has the power, in the event of budget impasses between the Procurator and the Daoni, to unilaterally extend Royal budgets in order to prevent Government shutdowns. The King's Budgets cannot substantially alter the previous year's budget being extended, but he can change the funding amount in any line by five percent in either direction, giving the King's Budgets flexibility in the event of recessions and severe shortfalls. The King has a very exclusive veto authority, restricted entirely to bills in which both Censors have issued a formal objection to. | In addition to the power of the King to settle disputes between the Procurator and the Concilium Purpaidá, the King has several other domestic powers based on his own prerogative. The most commonly used power is that of appointment; all of the officers of the Armed Forces are appointed by the King himself, usually through his [[Apostolic_King_of_Urcea#Household_Office_for_Commissions_in_His_Most_Christian_Majesty's_Armed_Forces|Household Office for Commissions]], and the King also selects some members of the [[Criminal_justice_system_of_Urcea#Hierarchy_of_courts|Urcean judiciary]] through the appropriate [[Apostolic_King_of_Urcea#Household_Office_for_Judicial_Appointments|Household Office]]. Most importantly, the King nominates a list of candidates for [[Censor (Urcea)|Censor]] to be narrowed down by the [[Urcean Conference of Catholic Bishops]]. The King also, on consultation with the [[Procurator]], appoints Governors-General of the royal holds and Rectors of overseas territories. The King also has the power, in the event of budget impasses between the Procurator and the Daoni, to unilaterally extend Royal budgets in order to prevent Government shutdowns. The King's Budgets cannot substantially alter the previous year's budget being extended, but he can change the funding amount in any line by five percent in either direction, giving the King's Budgets flexibility in the event of recessions and severe shortfalls. The King has a very exclusive veto authority, restricted entirely to bills in which both Censors have issued a formal objection to. | ||
Within the executive branch, the King enacts laws and policies upon the advice of the '''[[Procurator]]'''. The [[Procurator]], who is directly elected by the nation at large, serves in many ways as the functional Head of Government as the “right hand of the King”; he or she serves as the presiding officer over meetings of the [[Concilium Purpaidá]], has direct oversight of all its ministers and ministries. The Procurator determines the government's official program of policies that it will implement, although members of the Purpaidá are under no obligation to follow the policies. The Procurator also serves as First Lord of the Treasury, giving them the authority to create and issue Royal Budgets for the Kingdom in the name of the King that must be approved by the [[Concilium Daoni]]. The Procurator has no formal ministry under them but is responsible for the nomination of the Lord Marshal, who serves as both the military and civilian head of the [[Ministry of the Armed Services (Urcea)|Ministry for the Armed Services]]. The Procurator also serves as the Lord Regent of the Apostolic Kingdom in the event of the absence or minority of a King. Since the time of the Great Interregnum, the Procurator has also served as the Magister Militum of the [[Armed Forces of the Apostolic Kingdom of Urcea]], giving him or her effective supreme command and control over the military. Elections for the Procurator are held every five years on the first Tuesday in November, and Procurators take office on the first of January following the date of the election. There are no term limits on the office of Procurator. The Procurator may veto legislation passed by the [[Concilium Daoni]]. The Procurator is also responsible for appointment of [[Government of Urcea#Overseas%20possessions|Rectors of overseas territories]] through the person of the King, though unlike other appointments on constitutional advice the King has greater influence in the appointment of Rectors. | Within the executive branch, the King enacts laws and policies upon the advice of the '''[[Procurator]]'''. The [[Procurator]], who is directly elected by the nation at large, serves in many ways as the functional Head of Government as the “right hand of the King”; he or she serves as the presiding officer over meetings of the [[Concilium Purpaidá]], has direct oversight of all its ministers and ministries. The Procurator determines the government's official program of policies that it will implement, although members of the Purpaidá are under no obligation to follow the policies. The Procurator also serves as First Lord of the Treasury, giving them the authority to create and issue Royal Budgets for the Kingdom in the name of the King that must be approved by the [[Concilium Daoni]]. The Procurator has no formal ministry under them but is responsible for the nomination of the Lord Marshal, who serves as both the military and civilian head of the [[Ministry of the Armed Services (Urcea)|Ministry for the Armed Services]]. The Procurator also serves as the Lord Regent of the Apostolic Kingdom in the event of the absence or minority of a King. Since the time of the Great Interregnum, the Procurator has also served as the Magister Militum of the [[Armed Forces of the Apostolic Kingdom of Urcea]], giving him or her effective supreme command and control over the military. Elections for the Procurator are held every five years on the first Tuesday in November, and Procurators take office on the first of January following the date of the election. There are no term limits on the office of Procurator. The Procurator may veto legislation passed by the [[Concilium Daoni]], though he does not sign legislation into law. The Procurator is also responsible for appointment of [[Government of Urcea#Overseas%20possessions|Rectors of overseas territories]] through the person of the King, though unlike other appointments on constitutional advice the King has greater influence in the appointment of Rectors. | ||
The Royal Treasury is chartered by the King and functionally serves as the central organ within the national bureaucracy, coordinating with the various Ministries and other Royal organizations to implement programs and policies via budget lines and supplemental appropriations. The Royal Treasury is funded through various mechanisms which the Kingdom uses to tax. As noted above, the Procurator is First Lord of the Treasury and controls broad policy directives for the Treasury, but the day to day operations of the Treasury are under the purview of the [[Chancellor and Temporary President|Chancellor of the Treasury]], although nothing precludes the Procurator and Chancellor from being the same individual. | The Royal Treasury is chartered by the King and functionally serves as the central organ within the national bureaucracy, coordinating with the various Ministries and other Royal organizations to implement programs and policies via budget lines and supplemental appropriations. The Royal Treasury is funded through various mechanisms which the Kingdom uses to tax. As noted above, the Procurator is First Lord of the Treasury and controls broad policy directives for the Treasury, but the day to day operations of the Treasury are under the purview of the [[Chancellor and Temporary President|Chancellor of the Treasury]], although nothing precludes the Procurator and Chancellor from being the same individual. | ||
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Typically, the political leadership of the Urcean Government can take four distinct forms. In the first, following an election, the Procurator and the Chancellor are the same individual or from the same party; same party candidacies are uncommon but not unheard of if a party's Concilium Daoni leader does not have widespread popular appeal and electability. In this scenario, this party are in total control of the government and the Chancellor-Procurator controls the appointment of the members of the [[Concilium Purpaidá]] and the policies that the Purpaidá follows, leading to the party's policy program and budget being implemented. The second scenario involves a Procurator and Chancellor of different parties who form what's called a "Purpaidá Coalition", whereby a minority of members of the Purpaidá are appointees of the Procurator's party in exchange for a mutually agreed upon policy program being established by the Procurator; in this scenario, the Chancellor is usually the more powerful of the coalition partners. The third scenario requires a hung Daoni, whereby the Procurator guides his party to form a coalition with another party to elect a Chancellor of the other party. This scenario is called a "Daoni Coalition", and the appointed membership of the Purpaidá is typically an even split. In this scenario, the Procurator is typically the more powerful of the coalition partners. The final scenario involves a Chancellor and Procurator of different parties who cannot come to an agreement. In this scenario, the Procurator's program is often in conflict with members of the Purpaidá, requiring constant intervention of the King over Treasury Orders, and many times in this scenario King's Budgets are implemented. This final scenario is often called "Royal Rule", because the King, in his role as arbitrator, is most accurately said to be the one governing the Kingdom. | Typically, the political leadership of the Urcean Government can take four distinct forms. In the first, following an election, the Procurator and the Chancellor are the same individual or from the same party; same party candidacies are uncommon but not unheard of if a party's Concilium Daoni leader does not have widespread popular appeal and electability. In this scenario, this party are in total control of the government and the Chancellor-Procurator controls the appointment of the members of the [[Concilium Purpaidá]] and the policies that the Purpaidá follows, leading to the party's policy program and budget being implemented. The second scenario involves a Procurator and Chancellor of different parties who form what's called a "Purpaidá Coalition", whereby a minority of members of the Purpaidá are appointees of the Procurator's party in exchange for a mutually agreed upon policy program being established by the Procurator; in this scenario, the Chancellor is usually the more powerful of the coalition partners. The third scenario requires a hung Daoni, whereby the Procurator guides his party to form a coalition with another party to elect a Chancellor of the other party. This scenario is called a "Daoni Coalition", and the appointed membership of the Purpaidá is typically an even split. In this scenario, the Procurator is typically the more powerful of the coalition partners. The final scenario involves a Chancellor and Procurator of different parties who cannot come to an agreement. In this scenario, the Procurator's program is often in conflict with members of the Purpaidá, requiring constant intervention of the King over Treasury Orders, and many times in this scenario King's Budgets are implemented. This final scenario is often called "Royal Rule", because the King, in his role as arbitrator, is most accurately said to be the one governing the Kingdom. | ||
During the 20th century, political power switched between the two largest parties - the [[National Pact (Urcea)|National Pact]], the dominant party of the 19th century, and the [[Commonwealth Union (Urcea)|Commonwealth Union]], formed in the midst of the [[Red Interregnum]]. This bi-partisan divide continued until the [[2015 Urcean political realignment]]. Despite the predominance of the two major parties, other smaller parties such as the [[Julian Party (Urcea)|Julian Party]] and the [[Democratic Labor Party (Urcea)|Democratic Labor Party]] did hold office throughout the country in the era. In the 21st Century, the | During the 20th century, political power switched between the two largest parties - the [[National Pact (Urcea)|National Pact]], the dominant party of the 19th century, and the [[Commonwealth Union (Urcea)|Commonwealth Union]], formed in the midst of the [[Red Interregnum]]. This bi-partisan divide continued until the [[2015 Urcean political realignment]]. Despite the predominance of the two major parties, other smaller parties such as the [[Julian Party (Urcea)|Julian Party]] and the [[Democratic Labor Party (Urcea)|Democratic Labor Party]] did hold office throughout the country in the era. In the 21st Century, the Commonwealth Union held a majority in the Daoni every session except for 2006-11, when the National Pact under the leadership of [[Michael Redder]] took a slim majority in the legislature. By contrast, the National Pact has held the Procuratorship for the whole of the 21st Century except from 2016-2025. After the dissolution of the Commonwealth Union in 2015, the Democratic Labor Party became the second largest party in the [[Concilium Daoni]] with the National Pact surging to a majority in the [[2015 Urcean elections]]. The Democratic Labor Party later reorganized the left into the united [[Social Labor Party (Urcea)|Social Labor Party]] in the wake of the [[2015 Urcean political realignment]] and the Casanam Conference. Soon after, the [[Union for National Solidarity (Urcea)|Union for National Solidarity]] reformed out of the [[Wittonian Socialism|Wittonian-Reedian]] faction of the old Commonwealth Union. In 2025, the Union for National Solidarity and Julian Party merged to form the [[Solidarity Party (Urcea)|Solidarity Party]], which became the largest party in [[Urcea]] upon its formation. | ||
== Subdivisions == | == Subdivisions == | ||
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Overseas possessions of Urcea are organized under the supervision of a Rector and are consequently called "rectories", divided into "civil rectories" and "military rectories". Rectors were originally established as temporary governors of newly conquered territories, representing the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]] in a viceregal capacity until proper government could be established locally. This system was adapted for Urcea's overseas acquisitions on a permanent basis, and it remains the system presently in use. Rectors are appointed by the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]] in consultation with the [[Procurator]], and the King exercises a fairly large degree of discretion on appointments of Rectors unlike some other positions in the government where he appoints using the constitutional advice of the [[Procurator]] or [[Chancellor and Temporary President]]. The precedent established in the [[Constitution of Urcea]] by various appointments beginning with [[Aedanicus VIII]] holds to the principle that Rectors govern overseas possessions in the King's name, so the King should retain input on who is governing in his name. This precedent survived through the years of the [[Red Interregnum]] and was firmly established by [[Patrick III of Urcea|Patrick III]], even as other government offices were becoming increasingly subject to the oversight of the [[Concilium Daoni]] and Procurator. | Overseas possessions of Urcea are organized under the supervision of a Rector and are consequently called "rectories", divided into "civil rectories" and "military rectories". Rectors were originally established as temporary governors of newly conquered territories, representing the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]] in a viceregal capacity until proper government could be established locally. This system was adapted for Urcea's overseas acquisitions on a permanent basis, and it remains the system presently in use. Rectors are appointed by the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]] in consultation with the [[Procurator]], and the King exercises a fairly large degree of discretion on appointments of Rectors unlike some other positions in the government where he appoints using the constitutional advice of the [[Procurator]] or [[Chancellor and Temporary President]]. The precedent established in the [[Constitution of Urcea]] by various appointments beginning with [[Aedanicus VIII]] holds to the principle that Rectors govern overseas possessions in the King's name, so the King should retain input on who is governing in his name. This precedent survived through the years of the [[Red Interregnum]] and was firmly established by [[Patrick III of Urcea|Patrick III]], even as other government offices were becoming increasingly subject to the oversight of the [[Concilium Daoni]] and Procurator. | ||
Civil rectories, such as [[Medimeria]], are civilian governments overseeing smaller territorial possessions such as overseas islands. Though the Rector is appointed by the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]], the territory is organized into local governments like in the Urcean metropole. Typically, the rectory is small enough that there is no need for the creation of provinces or other districts between the rectory government and the local governments, so the former directly oversees the latter. In civil rectories, Rectors are given wide ranging authority to organize their own territorial government, though formal precedent has | Civil rectories, such as [[Medimeria]], are civilian governments overseeing smaller territorial possessions such as overseas islands. Though the Rector is appointed by the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]], the territory is organized into local governments like in the Urcean metropole. Typically, the rectory is small enough that there is no need for the creation of provinces or other districts between the rectory government and the local governments, so the former directly oversees the latter. In civil rectories, Rectors are given wide ranging authority to organize their own territorial government, though formal precedent has led to the "inheritance" of an established bureaucratic and governmental apparatus from one Rector to another. Civil rectories all have informal "island assemblies" made up of representatives from the various elected local governments within the rectory, and these island assemblies have wide-reaching if non-binding authority in the form of consultation with the Rector, whom typically defers to the cultural experience and knowledge of the local leaders. Outgoing Rectors often bring their prospective successors to these assemblies for their non-binding "ratification" and report the results back to [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]]; local opposition is often justification for pulling an appointment for Rector. | ||
Military rectories, such as [[Cetsencalia]] during [[The Deluge]], are military governments overseeing territories in transient political states or territories near combat or war or are the subject of a war. These territories are typically directly overseen by theater commanders of the [[Armed Forces of the Apostolic Kingdom of Urcea]], though they typically delegate political authority to subordinate committees. Like civil rectories, local governments are either maintained or organized like those in [[Urcea]], but the military oversees the affairs of local governments in a manner similar to marital law. Military rectories do not convene territorial assembles like the civil rectories do. Unlike any other organ of Urcean governance, military rectories are divided into districts overseen by a local commander. Unlike civil rectories, military rectories are always a temporary expedient that lasts the duration of a military or diplomatic crisis, such as occupied territories during the [[Second Great War]], and are usually dissolved into civil rectories or regain sovereignty following the cessation of hostilities. Military rectors are usually the rank of [[Ranks_in_the_Urcean_Armed_Forces#Field.2C_Flag_and_Staff_Officers|Prafáti Princeps]] and are almost always members of the [[Royal and Imperial Army (Urcea)|Royal and Imperial Army]]. Prior to [[2027]], Military Rectories were usually held by the theater commander. However, the significant amount of territories that fell under Urcean occupation during the [[Final War of the Deluge]] concentrated multiple territories under the command of [[Martin St. Clair]], creating administrative issues. The Foreign Occupation Act of 2027 decoupled theater command from territorial governorships in certain cases and allowed the [[Procurator]] to directly appoint a military governor on the advice of military leaders. | Military rectories, such as [[Cetsencalia]] during [[The Deluge]], are military governments overseeing territories in transient political states or territories near combat or war or are the subject of a war. These territories are typically directly overseen by theater commanders of the [[Armed Forces of the Apostolic Kingdom of Urcea]], though they typically delegate political authority to subordinate committees. Like civil rectories, local governments are either maintained or organized like those in [[Urcea]], but the military oversees the affairs of local governments in a manner similar to marital law. Military rectories do not convene territorial assembles like the civil rectories do. Unlike any other organ of Urcean governance, military rectories are divided into districts overseen by a local commander. Unlike civil rectories, military rectories are always a temporary expedient that lasts the duration of a military or diplomatic crisis, such as occupied territories during the [[Second Great War]], and are usually dissolved into civil rectories or regain sovereignty following the cessation of hostilities. Military rectors are usually the rank of [[Ranks_in_the_Urcean_Armed_Forces#Field.2C_Flag_and_Staff_Officers|Prafáti Princeps]] and are almost always members of the [[Royal and Imperial Army (Urcea)|Royal and Imperial Army]]. Prior to [[2027]], Military Rectories were usually held by the theater commander. However, the significant amount of territories that fell under Urcean occupation during the [[Final War of the Deluge]] concentrated multiple territories under the command of [[Martin St. Clair]], creating administrative issues. The Foreign Occupation Act of 2027 decoupled theater command from territorial governorships in certain cases and allowed the [[Procurator]] to directly appoint a military governor on the advice of military leaders. | ||