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The '''Great Landsmeet''' was a socio-political institution in [[Urcea]] during the early history of Urcea. As a descendant of the {{wp|Tribal Assembly|tribal assembly}} of ancient [[Great Levantia]], it sat as the primary representative of the [[Estates of Urcea|estates of Urcea]] and served a quasi-legislative role in addition to being an advisory body for the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]]. It had the authority to approve or deny the levy of new taxes. The Landsmeet was first convened in 1022 and was envisioned as a way to mitigate disputes between the [[Estates of Urcea|estates of Urcea]] while also strengthening the rule of the [[Julian dynasty]] by implementing a kind of rule-by-consensus, an early example of later principles of the [[Constitution of Urcea]]. The Landsmeet only required the [[Social class in Urcea#Optimate|optimate]] heads of Estates to convene as opposed to the earlier tribal assembly, making it a much more flexible institution to convene. In 1146, the Landsmeet was augmented with a Common Council, today's [[Concilium Daoni]], which was intended to allow members of other social classes to provide arbitration between the Landsmeet and the King. Due to the declining power of the estates, the growing power of the [[Social_class_in_Urcea#Privilegiata|privilegiata]], and fact that the Daoni could meet with any number of local representatives rather than the specific nobles of the Landsmeet, the Daoni was increasingly invested with authorities previously reserved to the Landsmeet. It took its full legal authority in the early 13th century, further precipitating the decline of noble authority. The Landsmeet would meet for the last time in 1243, though it would not be formally dissolved until the 15th century. | The '''Great Landsmeet''' was a socio-political institution in [[Urcea]] during the early history of Urcea. As a descendant of the {{wp|Tribal Assembly|tribal assembly}} of ancient [[Great Levantia]], it sat as the primary representative of the [[Estates of Urcea|estates of Urcea]] and served a quasi-legislative role in addition to being an advisory body for the [[Apostolic King of Urcea]]. It had the authority to approve or deny the levy of new taxes. The Landsmeet was first convened in 1022 and was envisioned as a way to mitigate disputes between the [[Estates of Urcea|estates of Urcea]] while also strengthening the rule of the [[Julian dynasty]] by implementing a kind of rule-by-consensus, an early example of later principles of the [[Constitution of Urcea]]. The Landsmeet only required the [[Social class in Urcea#Optimate|optimate]] heads of Estates to convene as opposed to the earlier tribal assembly, making it a much more flexible institution to convene. In 1146, the Landsmeet was augmented with a Common Council, today's [[Concilium Daoni]], which was intended to allow members of other social classes to provide arbitration between the Landsmeet and the King. Due to the declining power of the estates, the growing power of the [[Social_class_in_Urcea#Privilegiata|privilegiata]], and fact that the Daoni could meet with any number of local representatives rather than the specific nobles of the Landsmeet, the Daoni was increasingly invested with authorities previously reserved to the Landsmeet. It took its full legal authority in the early 13th century, further precipitating the decline of noble authority. The Landsmeet would meet for the last time in 1243, though it would not be formally dissolved until the 15th century. | ||
A meeting of all the [[Estates of Urcea|estates of Urcea]] was convened in [[1858]] by [[Aedanicus VIII]] and was referred to contemporaneously as the "Great Landsmeet of 1858". This Landsmeet, which met to approve the implementation of the [[Tria nomina movement|tria nomina system]], is not largely considered to be the same institution as the original Landsmeets by most legal scholars. | A meeting of all the [[Estates of Urcea|estates of Urcea]] was convened in [[1858]] by [[Aedanicus VIII]] and was referred to contemporaneously as the "Great Landsmeet of 1858". This Landsmeet, which met to approve the implementation of the [[Tria nomina movement|tria nomina system]], is not largely considered to be the same institution as the original Landsmeets by most legal scholars. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Early [[Great Levantia]] employed a mixed governmental system of executive Consuls, an aristocratic Senate, and a democratic tribal assembly. In the tribal assembly, citizens were organized on the basis of 25 tribes: five urban tribes of the citizens in the city of [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]], and twenty rural tribes of citizens in the area roughly corresponding to the [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]]. Each tribe voted separately and one after the other. In each tribe, decisions were made by majority vote and its decision counted as one vote regardless of how many electors each tribe held. Once a majority of tribes voted in the same way on a given measure, the voting ended and the matter was decided. Though the institutions of Senate and Consul were extinct by the time of the 600s, the tribal assembly persisted and held real power; it was responsible for the election of the ''Dux'' of Urceopolis. Much of the early reign of [[ | Early [[Great Levantia]] employed a mixed governmental system of executive Consuls, an aristocratic Senate, and a democratic tribal assembly. In the tribal assembly, citizens were organized on the basis of 25 tribes: five urban tribes of the citizens in the city of [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]], and twenty rural tribes of citizens in the area roughly corresponding to the [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]]. Each tribe voted separately and one after the other. In each tribe, decisions were made by majority vote and its decision counted as one vote regardless of how many electors each tribe held. Once a majority of tribes voted in the same way on a given measure, the voting ended and the matter was decided. Though the institutions of Senate and Consul were extinct by the time of the 600s, the tribal assembly persisted and held real power; it was responsible for the election of the ''Dux'' of Urceopolis. Much of the early reign of [[Gaius Julius Cicurinus]] was devoted to integrating [[Gaelic people|Gaels]] and [[Urcean people|Latino Gaels]] into the assembly, which he successfully did, adding 25 "Gaelic" tribes. The tribes of the assembly formed the basis for the modern [[Estates of Urcea]]. | ||
Following the formation of the [[Holy Levantine Empire|Levantine Empire]], the elective Duchy of Urceopolis was transformed into the hereditary [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]], and the tribal assembly lost a considerable deal of power. Successive Archdukes still delegated some responsibilities to the assembly, but it ceased to regularly meet in 852. As the nascent Urceopolitan state continued to grow - and with the growth of manorialism - it became much more difficult for the leading families of the Estates to return to [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] due to their various obligations on their feudal holdings. The tribal assembly met for the final time in 917, just prior to the unification of the [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Yustona]]. | Following the formation of the [[Holy Levantine Empire|Levantine Empire]], the elective Duchy of Urceopolis was transformed into the hereditary [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]], and the tribal assembly lost a considerable deal of power. Successive Archdukes still delegated some responsibilities to the assembly, but it ceased to regularly meet in 852. As the nascent Urceopolitan state continued to grow - and with the growth of manorialism - it became much more difficult for the leading families of the Estates to return to [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] due to their various obligations on their feudal holdings. The tribal assembly met for the final time in 917, just prior to the unification of the [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Yustona]]. | ||