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A meeting of all the [[Estates of Urcea|estates of Urcea]] was convened in [[1858]] by [[Aedanicus VIII]] and was referred to contemporaneously as the "Great Landsmeet of 1858". This Landsmeet, which met to approve the implementation of the [[Tria nomina movement|tria nomina system]], is not largely considered to be the same institution as the original Landsmeets by most legal scholars.
A meeting of all the [[Estates of Urcea|estates of Urcea]] was convened in [[1858]] by [[Aedanicus VIII]] and was referred to contemporaneously as the "Great Landsmeet of 1858". This Landsmeet, which met to approve the implementation of the [[Tria nomina movement|tria nomina system]], is not largely considered to be the same institution as the original Landsmeets by most legal scholars.
==History==
==History==
{{wip}}
{{Main|History of the Constitution of Urcea}}
Early [[Great Levantia]] employed a mixed governmental system of executive Consuls, an aristocratic Senate, and a democratic tribal assembly. In the tribal assembly, citizens were organized on the basis of 25 tribes: five urban tribes of the citizens in the city of [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]], and twenty rural tribes of citizens in the area roughly corresponding to the [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]]. Each tribe voted separately and one after the other. In each tribe, decisions were made by majority vote and its decision counted as one vote regardless of how many electors each tribe held. Once a majority of tribes voted in the same way on a given measure, the voting ended and the matter was decided. Though the institutions of Senate and Consul were extinct by the time of the 600s, the tribal assembly persisted and held real power; it was responsible for the election of the ''Dux'' of Urceopolis. Much of the early reign of [[Gaius Julius Cicurinus]] was devoted to integrating [[Gaelic people|Gaels]] and [[Urcean people|Latino Gaels]] into the assembly, which he successfully did, adding 25 "Gaelic" tribes. The tribes of the assembly formed the basis for the modern [[Estates of Urcea]].
Early [[Great Levantia]] employed a mixed governmental system of executive Consuls, an aristocratic Senate, and a democratic tribal assembly. In the tribal assembly, citizens were organized on the basis of 25 tribes: five urban tribes of the citizens in the city of [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]], and twenty rural tribes of citizens in the area roughly corresponding to the [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]]. Each tribe voted separately and one after the other. In each tribe, decisions were made by majority vote and its decision counted as one vote regardless of how many electors each tribe held. Once a majority of tribes voted in the same way on a given measure, the voting ended and the matter was decided. Though the institutions of Senate and Consul were extinct by the time of the 600s, the tribal assembly persisted and held real power; it was responsible for the election of the ''Dux'' of Urceopolis. Much of the early reign of [[Gaius Julius Cicurinus]] was devoted to integrating [[Gaelic people|Gaels]] and [[Urcean people|Latino Gaels]] into the assembly, which he successfully did, adding 25 "Gaelic" tribes. The tribes of the assembly formed the basis for the modern [[Estates of Urcea]].


Following the formation of the [[Holy Levantine Empire|Levantine Empire]], the elective Duchy of Urceopolis was transformed into the hereditary [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]], and the tribal assembly lost a considerable deal of power. Successive Archdukes still delegated some responsibilities to the assembly, but it ceased to regularly meet in 852. As the nascent Urceopolitan state continued to grow - and with the growth of manorialism - it became much more difficult for the leading families of the Estates to return to [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] due to their various obligations on their feudal holdings. The tribal assembly met for the final time in 917, just prior to the unification of the [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Yustona]].
Following the formation of the [[Holy Levantine Empire|Levantine Empire]], the elective Duchy of Urceopolis was transformed into the hereditary [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]], and the tribal assembly lost a considerable deal of power. Successive Archdukes still delegated some responsibilities to the assembly, but it ceased to regularly meet in 852. As the nascent Urceopolitan state continued to grow - and with the growth of manorialism - it became much more difficult for the leading families of the Estates to return to [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] due to their various obligations on their feudal holdings. The tribal assembly met for the final time in 917, just prior to the unification of the [[Urceopolis (Archduchy)|Archduchy of Urceopolis]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Yustona]].
Increasing incidents between and within Estates, however, and the growing complexity of governing the united realm necessitated a replacement for the tribal assembly. In 1022, Emperor Adrian II, the first Julian elected [[Emperor of the Levantines]], formally called for the first meeting of a "great" Landsmeet of all of the Estates. It would serve as the replacement for the tribal assembly and would be an authoritative source of conflict resolution and legal consultation for the Archduke-Grand Duke. Rather than represent any specific area. The Great Landsmeet, like the assembly before it, represented the fifty tribal Estates of the [[Estates of Urcea]], which, by the 11th century, were spread out throughout the country and no longer had a meaningful urban-rural divide between them. Upon the elevation of the realm to a Kingdom with the [[Golden Bull of 1098]], the system of Great Landsmeets were elevated to a Royal institution. Great Landsmeets were subsequently called dozens of times between 1022 and 1243, when its use had depreciated to the point of irrelevance and it was fully supplanted by the [[Concilium Daoni]], which it created in 1146.
In 1146, King Niall I and the [[Estates of Urcea]] were at odds over the expenses incurred by Niall's involvement in putting down an uprising in the [[Holy Levantine Empire|Levantine Empire]], for which he was awarded the [[Electorate of Canaery]]. At an impasse, the Great Landsmeet and the King agreed to convene a council of commoners comprised of [[Social class in Urcea|privilegiata]] and freemen, the latter of which were not allowed to sit or vote in the Great Landsmeet. The council of commoners was designed to propose independent compromises for the King and Great Landsmeet to consider. This [[Concilium Daoni|common council]] was comprised of freemen and privilegiata selected to represent each Estate, and the King's [[Procurator|Steward]] was entrusted with the responsibility of organizing the council. With the beginning of the [[Saint's War]] in 1214, it became dangerous for important [[Social class in Urcea|optimates]] to travel, and travel in general was disrupted. The continuing growth of the nation - the same factor that weakened the tribal assembly - also made it difficult for the Great Landsmeet to fully meet. The common council was more flexible as it required only delegations from Estates and not the optimate heads themselves, and in 1221 the King and Great Landsmeet gave the common council the same force of law that the Landsmeet possessed. By doing so, the Great Landsmeet had relegated itself to secondary status and it was now only useful for resolving disputes within Estates themselves. Existing for another two impotent decades, Estates themselves were proving more than adequate of handling internal disputes. King Aedanicus III called one final Great Landsmeet in 1243, but it was not called again. Its existence remained "on the books" until legal reforms implemented by King Lucás II in 1415 formally dissolved its existence.
During its time in existence, the Great Landsmeet primarily considered the issue of tax raises, disputes within Estates, and tried to assert its right to resolve succession crises, but never successfully claimed the power to do so. Most notably, an effort by the Great Landsmeet to mediate the Interregnum of 1153 failed, a failure that lead Urcea down the road of the [[Saint's War]]. The decline of the institution coincided with a decline in the power of the [[Estates of Urcea|Estates]], as [[Social class in Urcea|privilegiata]] and freemen in distant [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]] were given something of a "short leash", as it were, and were not inclined towards strengthening the prerogatives of the Estates. The heads of the Estates retained the power to directly appoint the privilegiata and freemen that represented the Estates on the [[Concilium Daoni]], a last remnant of the ancient tribal assembly. This power was formally revoked by [[Emperor Leo III of the Holy Levantine Empire|King Leo II]] after the [[Great Confessional War]], striking a critical blow against the political relevancy of the Estates.


King Aedanicus VIII briefly revived the institution in 1858, when he called a Great Landsmeet to consider the issue of the [[Tria nomina movement]]. The Great Landsmeet reported back favorably and the heads of estates adopted the naming convention proposed.
King Aedanicus VIII briefly revived the institution in 1858, when he called a Great Landsmeet to consider the issue of the [[Tria nomina movement]]. The Great Landsmeet reported back favorably and the heads of estates adopted the naming convention proposed.
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