Orenvia
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| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Main region(s) |  Cartadania |
| Headquarters | Alahuela, Cartadania |
| Dates of operation | 1 July 1941–present |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (standard gauge) |
| Electrification | 25 kV 60 Hz AC overhead line |
| Track length | 65,000 kilometres (40,000 mi) |
| Operating speed | 350 kilometres per hour (220 mph) |
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Orenvia (Cartadanian pronunciation: ['oɾenvia]) is Cartadania's national railway company. Founded in 1941 from the consolidation of LusoRail and RLC, it operates the country's national rail traffic, including Cartadania's high-speed rail network. Its functions include operation of railway services for passengers and freight (through Rail Logistics Cartadania), as well as maintenance and signalling of rail infrastructure (Orenvia Complexo). The railway network consists of about 65,000 kilometres (40,000 mi) of route, all of which are electrified, with 16,250 kilometres (10,100 mi) dedicated to high-speed lines. The Orenvia passenger transport company carried around 6 billion passengers, while RLC companies transported approximately 232 million tons of goods in rail freight transport.
History
At the end of the Second Great War, Cartadania began to restructure its government agencies for greater efficiency and oversight, while also promoting collaboration between agencies to reduce costs and focus efforts on modernity. One of the changes within the Department of Transportation was the consolidation of CERA, LusoRail, and Rail Logistics Cartadania (LFC) into a single agency, known as Operadora da Rede Nacional Ferrovíario, from which Orenvia derives its name (Operadora da Rede Nacional Ferrovíario). Consolidation brought everyone under a single roof and allowed projects to be worked on much more efficiently. As Cartadania rapidly moved towards electrifying its rail network, a project it completed in 1983, and areas of hyperurbanisation, Orenvia proved to be the perfect solution for the DOT, which was still responsible for highway construction and management, especially during a time of rapid buildout.
The 1986 Álvares Transportation Act separated the management, maintenance and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation, thus the first activity became the responsibility of the Escritorio de Infraestrutura Ferroviária (EIF), an office under the DOT and the legal successor of CERA, while the newly created Orenvia owned the rolling stock and remained responsible for the planning, marketing, and operation of passenger and freight services. In April 1998, however, then-President Maria Hernandez, reversed the act and the 191st National Congress merged the two back together, giving Orenvia sole control of railway infrastructure.
Cartadania's rail infrastructure has evolved quite rapidly over the years, especially with regard to electrification. The first electrified lines in the country were 3kV DC overhead catenary-supplied systems, primarily found in urban areas of the east around Lake Parima. The DOT, however, modified its guidelines for rail infrastructure in the 1950s, forcing those systems to be converted to AC power, a costly upfront change, but reduced costs in the long run. Cartadania's largest rail mobility company, Solem Mobility, along with Carto-Pelaxian multinational transport manufacturer, SOLINFER (held by Auvia Group), worked closely with Orenvia throughout most of its buildout, and somewhat as a result are now the two sole providers of rolling stock to Orenvia.