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Pre-modern global trade: Difference between revisions
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{{Business logistics}} | |||
==Classical southern Odoneru Ocean trade network== | |||
{{Further|Adonerum#Economy}} | |||
The Adonerii cities were primarily fueled by mercantile activity and [[Odoneru Ocean]] commerce, establishing extensive trade networks that stretched from [[Vallos]] to [[Ultmar]]. The Adonerii civilization at its peak was not especially involved in natural resource extraction, instead relying on native trade partners in places where it colonized to provide those materials to the trading network. [[Urceopolis (City)|Urceopolis]], as an example, entered prominence as a central trading point where [[Gaelic people|Gaelic]] tribes provided raw materials to the Adonerii in exchange for foreign goods and coins. The furthest flung colonies of the Adonerii, then, served as "extraction points", where the goods of locals could enter the ancient Occidental world without need for large sprawling empires or the need for large groups of slaves, which many Adonerii successor states would later employ. | |||
==Sea of Istroya trade network== | |||
{{Further|Ancient Istroyan civilization}} | |||
The main participants in [[Sea of Istroya]] commerce were the class of [[Ancient Istroyan civilization|Ancient Istroyan]] traders known as ''emporoi'' (ἕμποροι). The [[Ancient Istroyan civilization|Ancient Istroyan]] states collected a duty on their cargo, typically at 1% or higher. By the end of the 5th century, the tax had been raised to 33 talents in more high-use ports. The growth of trade in [[Ancient Istroyan civilization|Ancient Istroya]] led to the development of financial techniques. Most merchants, lacking sufficient cash assets, resorted to borrowing to finance all or part of their expeditions. A typical loan for a large venture in 4th century BC, was generally a large sum of cash (usually less than 2,000 drachmas), lent for a short time (the length of the voyage, a matter of several weeks or months), at a high rate of interest (often 12% but reaching levels as high as 100%). The terms of the contract were always laid out in writing, differing from loans between friends (eranoi). The lender bore all the risks of the journey, in exchange for which the borrower committed his cargo and his entire fleet, which were precautionarily seized upon their arrival at the port the loan was offered. | |||
Trade in [[Ancient Istroyan civilization|Ancient Istroya]] was typically free. One of the main drivers of trade in Ancient Greece was colonization in western [[Audonia]], the [[Daria]] and [[Al'qarra]] regions in particular, and southeastern [[Levantia]], in modern day [[Burgundie]]. As larger city states set up colonies, there would be trade between the founding city and its colony. Furthermore, differing climates between cities and their respective colonies created comparative advantages in goods. Larger city states often exported more value added goods, such as olive oil, back out to colonies. | |||
The number of shipwrecks found in the [[Sea of Istroya]] provides valuable evidence of the development of trade in the ancient world. Only two shipwrecks were found that dated from the 8th century BC. However, archaeologists have found forty-six shipwrecks dated from the 4th century BC, which would appear to indicate that there occurred a very large increase in the volume of trade between these centuries. Considering that the average ship tonnage also increased in the same period, the total volume of trade increased probably by a factor of 30. | |||
===Oduniyyad Caliphate=== | |||
{{Further|Oduniyyad_Caliphate#Trade_Empire}} | |||
As the [[Oduniyyad_Caliphate]] expanded over the sea | |||
===Crusades=== | |||
{{Further|Crusades#Sea_of_Istroya_trade_network}} | |||
===Maritime Dericanian domination=== | |||
{{Further|Maritime Dericania}} | |||
[[1585]]-[[1815]] | |||
==Incense trade route== | |||
==Cotton and textile trade== | |||
Primarily in [[Daria]] in [[Audonia]]. Cotton, pulse, flax, and linen grown in the central part of the region was turned into valuable textiles on the southern coast of the [[Aab-e-Farus]] and then traded along the Silk road. | |||
==Spice trade== | ==Spice trade== | ||
Archeological records indicate that people from the [[Timeline_of_major_world_events#Neolithic_era|Neolithic era]] traded in {{wp|spices}}, {{wp|obsidian}}, {{wp|sea shells}}, {{wp|gemstones}} and other high-value materials as early as the 10th millennium BC. This spice trade was associated with overland routes early on, but maritime routes proved to be the factor which helped the trade grow, especially in what is today the [[Middle seas region]]. The first true maritime spice trade network in the [[Audonia]] was by the Austronesian peoples of the islands in the [[Ocean of Cathay]]. They established trade routes with modern [[Daxia]] and [[Yanuban]] as early as 1500 BC, ushering an exchange of material culture (like {{wp|catamarans}}, {{wp|outrigger boats}}, {{wp|lashed-lug boats|lashed-lug}} and {{wp|sewn-plank boats}}, and {{wp|paan}}) and {{wp|cultigens}} (like {{wp|coconuts}}, {{wp|sandalwood}}, {{wp|bananas}}, and {{wp|sugarcane}}), as well as connecting the material cultures of [[Daxia]] and peoples of [[Daria]]. [[Oyashima]]nes in particular were trading in spices (mainly {{wp|cinnamon}} and {{wp|cassia}}) with coastal settlements in [[Al'qarra]] using catamaran and outrigger boats and sailing with the help of the westerlies in the [[Sea of Capelan]]. This trade network expanded to reach as far as the [[Aab-e-Farus]] and the [[Ancient Istroyan civilization]]. It continued into historic times, later becoming the Maritime Silk Road. | |||
In the first millennium BC the Arabs, Persians, and [[Arunid Empire|Arunids]] were also engaged in sea and land trade in luxury goods such as spices, gold, precious stones, leather of exotic animals, ebony and pearls. The sea trade was in the [[Aab-e-Farus]] and the [[Sea of Kandahar]]. Luxury goods including spices, ebony, silk and fine textiles were traded along the overland incense route. Spices are discussed in biblical narratives, and there is literary evidence for their use in ancient [[Ancient Istroyan civilization|Istroyan]], [[Adonerum]], and [[Great Levantia|Great Levantine]] society. The trade in spices lessened after the fall of [[Great Levantia]], but demand for ginger, black pepper, cloves, cinnamon and nutmeg revived the trade in later centuries. | |||
===Oduniyyad Caliphate's role in the spice trade=== | |||
{{Further|Oduniyyad_Caliphate#Trade_Empire}} | |||
Under the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] the spice trade flourished and many spices were introduced to [[Sarpedon]]. Additionally, the spices of [[Sarpedon]] were exchanged across the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]'s holdings in [[Audonia]] and traded with the [[Daxia]]ns for silk, porcelain, and later, gunpowder. Taxation on the spice trade and Silk Road were an essential element of the economy of the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]], especially after its expansion faltered and the [[Crusades]] began to be more costly over time. | |||
===Occidental involvement in the spice trade=== | |||
The trade was changed by the [[Crusades]] and later the [[Occidental]] Age of Discovery, during which the spice trade, particularly in {{wp|black pepper}}, became an influential activity for [[Occidental]] traders. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, the [[Maritime Dericania]] monopolized the trade between [[Levantia]] and [[Audonia]]. The [[Prevailing Winds]] Route, travelling north up the southerneastern coast of [[Levantia]] to the Orenstine Peninsula, catching the westerlies from [[Levantia]] to [[Audonia]], then catching the trade winds back to [[Levantia]], was pioneered by the [[Burgundie|Burgoignesc]] explorer-navigator Samuel-Emmanuel Brouage de Capelan in the late 1510s, resulting in new maritime routes for trade. | |||
This trade, which drove world trade from the end of the [[Timeline_of_major_world_events#Medieval_history|Middle Ages]] well into the [[Timeline_of_major_world_events#Occidental_renaissance_history|Renaissance]], ushered in an age of [[Occidental]] domination in [[Audonia]]. Channels such as the [[Middle seas region]] served as bridges for cultural and commercial exchanges between diverse cultures as nations struggled to gain control of the trade along the many spice routes. In [[1628]], the [[Daxia]]ns opened the first trans-[[Polynesian Sea|Polynesian]] [[The_Southern_Route#Establishment|route]] between itself and the [[Caphiria]]n [[Pelaxia|Province of Pelaxia]]. | |||
==Salt trade== | ==Salt trade== | ||
==Silk Road== | ==Silk Road== | ||
[[File:Silk Road.png|right|thumb|Rough sketch of the Silk Road]] | |||
The Silk Road was a network of [[Audonia]]n trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-19th century. It played a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the East and West. The name "Silk Road", was first coined in the late 17th century, by a [[Daxia]]n historian who was chronicling the history of the Qian empire. His book was published in some of the [[Burgoignesc colonial empire|Burgoignesc colonies]] in South Eastern [[Audonia]] and soon the term Silk Road became ubiquitous. | The Silk Road was a network of [[Audonia]]n trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-19th century. It played a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the East and West. The name "Silk Road", was first coined in the late 17th century, by a [[Daxia]]n historian who was chronicling the history of the Qian empire. His book was published in some of the [[Burgoignesc colonial empire|Burgoignesc colonies]] in South Eastern [[Audonia]] and soon the term Silk Road became ubiquitous. | ||
===The Southern Route=== | ===The Southern Route=== | ||
{{Further|The Southern Route}} | {{Further|The Southern Route}} | ||
==Pre-modern slave trade== | |||
===Oduniyyad chattel network=== | |||
{{Further|Oduniyyad_Caliphate#Trade_Empire}} | |||
[[File:Gefangene Schriften gegen Constantinopel gebracht - Schweigger Salomon - 1608.jpg|250px|right]] | |||
Throughout its entire existence, [[624]]–[[1517]], the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] engaged in all forms of slavery. Chattel slave trading was primarily conducted within the confines of the empire but it was, at certain points in [[Daxia]]n history, a vital commodity in the [[Silk Road]] trade. Historians estimate that over the almost 900 year reign of the Caliphate, approximately 75 million people were enslaved, primarily for military and government services, around 25 million of them were transported as chattel slaves across the [[Sea of Istroya]], in both directions, meeting the criteria for global trade statistics. | |||
==Pre- | ===Bergendii chattel network=== | ||
{{Further|Burgoignesc colonial empire}} | |||
For around 250 years, [[1577]]-[[1832]], [[Bergendii]] slavers took over the existing [[Pre-modern_global_trade#Oduniyyad_chattel_network|chattel networks]] as the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] collapsed. They used their [[Pharisedom|pharisedoms]] as slaving hubs and as slave markets and enslaved around 10 million people of [[Audonia]]n origin, often referred to as [[Ebidi]], and transported them all over the world in the 17th, 18th, and early 19th century. | |||
==Other trans-oceanic trade routes== | |||
===Bourgondi/Martillien-Canespa trade=== | |||
{{Further|Veraise_colony|Medimeria#Initial_settlement|Canespa-Burgoignesc_relations}} | |||
[[Burgundie]] and [[Canespa]] have maintained formal relations since the early 1700s when merchant explorers from the [[Veraise colony]] came in contact with coastal settlements in [[Canespa]]. | |||
During that time, the [[Veraise colony]] traded with [[Canespa]] for food stuffs and potatoes, a stable food staple that transported well. They were later joined by merchants from the [[Duchy of Bourgondi]] via their [[Medimeria|Medimeria colony]] who transported food back to [[Levantia]]. | |||
===Tobacco trade=== | |||
{{Further|Veraise colony}} | |||
===Tea trade=== | |||
====Maritime Dericanian tea empire==== | |||
Tea was almost exclusively traded within [[Audonia]] until the advent of the [[Burgoignesc colonial empire]]. Tea, salt, slaves, and spices were the backbone on which the [[Burgoignesc colonial empire]] was built. Massive tea latifundii were formed under the [[patroon]]ship system of the [[Dericania]]n colonizers and the existing tea forms were formed under loyal tea estate holders. Tea production in [[Daria]] is historically estimated to be have 350 tonnes a year in [[1586]], but by [[1646]] in the [[Burgoignesc colonial empire|Burgoignesc colonies]] alone production was recorded to 1.3 million tonnes a year. The various [[Maritime Dericania]]n states then used their trade networks to export that tea all over the world, creating tea markets on every continent. Most countries outside of [[Audonia]] and western [[Sarpedon]] (including [[Vallos]] were introduced to or became dependent on tea via the trading companies of [[Maritime Dericania]]. | |||
===Coffee trade=== | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||