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Starting in 809 CE, the expanding [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] began its conquest of the southwestern states of [[Alshar]]. The wali of the Bulkawan wilayat, a certain Malik Ibn Harun landed in [[Pukhgundi]] with thirty thousand troops and secured the submission and conversion of its rulers to Islam. He reorganized the kingdom into the Alsar Wilayah with himself as governor. Founding the fort of Haras at the eastern edge of Pukhgundi's territory and leaving a small garrison, Malik Ibn Harun continued his eastern march along the coast into the territory of the Kingdom of Lakdu, his army augmented by five thousand levies from Pukhgundi. Ibn Harun then gained the allegiance of the Lakdu vassal king of Sikam, impressing him with the size of his army and the tenets of Islam. Proceeding east and with his army led by Sikam guides, he outmaneuvered the Lakdu army and defeated it at the battles of Lodran and Porus, ending the kingdom's organized resistance. | Starting in 809 CE, the expanding [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] began its conquest of the southwestern states of [[Alshar]]. The wali of the Bulkawan wilayat, a certain Malik Ibn Harun landed in [[Pukhgundi]] with thirty thousand troops and secured the submission and conversion of its rulers to Islam. He reorganized the kingdom into the Alsar Wilayah with himself as governor. Founding the fort of Haras at the eastern edge of Pukhgundi's territory and leaving a small garrison, Malik Ibn Harun continued his eastern march along the coast into the territory of the Kingdom of Lakdu, his army augmented by five thousand levies from Pukhgundi. Ibn Harun then gained the allegiance of the Lakdu vassal king of Sikam, impressing him with the size of his army and the tenets of Islam. Proceeding east and with his army led by Sikam guides, he outmaneuvered the Lakdu army and defeated it at the battles of Lodran and Porus, ending the kingdom's organized resistance. | ||
[[File:Hephthalites_chieftain_late_5th_century.jpg|thumb|Coin minted with an image of wali Malik Ibn Harun, used as proof of treason against Caliph Mansur I]] | [[File:Hephthalites_chieftain_late_5th_century.jpg|thumb|Coin minted with an image of wali Malik Ibn Harun, used as proof of treason against Caliph Mansur I]] | ||
Ibn Harun spent all of 813 conquering the now disunited urban centers of Lakdu. He added the territory into the wilayat of Alsar, tried to supress local paganism and endowed new mosques. Ibn Harun next sent spies north and east to ascertain the most advantageous route of expansion for the Caliphate. To the east his spies reported a large empire named ''Korun'', with well appointed border forts and large armies. To them he sent diplomats promising peaceful intent and offered to continue the yearly tribute that Lakdu had provided, an offer that was accepted. To the north his spies reported a peaceful,pastoral society who lived in small cities with palisades or in temples in the mountains, the agents reported the name of the country as Rungseras. Malik Ibn Harun determined to attack the 'Rungseras tribes' to his north first and dispatched letters back to Bulkawan asking for reinforcement, to attack Korun later. On the eve of the start of his invasion in 814, Malik Ibn Harun was recalled to Audonia, probably the victim of intrigues against him due to his martial success and the size of the territory he governed. He mused resisting the summons but relented when his soldiers made it clear they would not follow him into rebellion against God's Caliph. In early 815 Ibn Harun's replacement arrived from Audonia, the wali of Umard, Musa Al Ghanim. For his efforts, Malik Ibn Harun was made wali of a smaller province in the Audonian interior and would go on to be arrested and executed in 821 after plotting to kill the Caliph and put his nephew on the throne. | Ibn Harun spent all of 813 conquering the now disunited urban centers of Lakdu. He added the territory into the wilayat of Alsar, tried to supress local paganism and endowed new mosques. Ibn Harun next sent spies north and east to ascertain the most advantageous route of expansion for the Caliphate. To the east his spies reported a large empire named ''Korun'', with well appointed border forts and large armies. To them he sent diplomats promising peaceful intent and offered to continue the yearly tribute that Lakdu had provided, an offer that was accepted. To the north his spies reported a peaceful,pastoral society who lived in small cities with palisades or in temples in the mountains, the agents reported the name of the country as Rungseras. Malik Ibn Harun determined to attack the 'Rungseras tribes' to his north first and dispatched letters back to Bulkawan asking for reinforcement, to attack Korun later. | ||
On the eve of the start of his invasion in 814, Malik Ibn Harun was recalled to Audonia, probably the victim of intrigues against him due to his martial success and the size of the territory he governed. He mused resisting the summons but relented when his soldiers made it clear they would not follow him into rebellion against God's Caliph. In early 815 Ibn Harun's replacement arrived from Audonia, the wali of Umard, Musa Al Ghanim. For his efforts, Malik Ibn Harun was made wali of a smaller province in the Audonian interior and would go on to be arrested and executed in 821 after plotting to kill the Caliph and put his nephew on the throne. | |||
Wali Musa Al Ghanim took command of all Oduniyyad forces and began the campaign with roughly 36,000 troops although he left behind around five thousand under Khamis Muminir to suppress a pagan uprising in Lakdu. Marching north he defeated several forces of Rungseras, amounting to merely a few mid sized warbands. As he marched around the countryside he found no large army to fight but was instead constantly being ambushed and harassed by small groups. | Wali Musa Al Ghanim took command of all Oduniyyad forces and began the campaign with roughly 36,000 troops although he left behind around five thousand under Khamis Muminir to suppress a pagan uprising in Lakdu. Marching north he defeated several forces of Rungseras, amounting to merely a few mid sized warbands. As he marched around the countryside he found no large army to fight but was instead constantly being ambushed and harassed by small groups. | ||