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First Constitution of Vallejar (view source)

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(Created page with "=== Preamble of the Constitution of Vallejar: === "In the dawn of our history, when the shadows of oppression loomed over us, the people of Vallejar rose with a unified cry in search of the freedom that would resonate through the ages. We forged our identity in the flames of struggle, weaved our unity in the fabric of resistance, and now, at the pinnacle of our destiny, we solemnly proclaim this Constitution, the cornerstone of our kingdom. Centuries ago, when oppressio...")
 
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The capital of the state is the city of Alhama la Nueva; this city is where the power emanating from God, represented by the king, resides.
The capital of the state is the city of Alhama la Nueva; this city is where the power emanating from God, represented by the king, resides.


Representative Organizations
==== Representative Organizations ====
 
Article 6:
Article 6:


Line 77: Line 76:
6.3. The right of representative organizations to be heard by the necessary government bodies is guaranteed if the objective or cause is valid. Additionally, government bodies are obliged to listen to representative organizations if the objective or cause is valid.
6.3. The right of representative organizations to be heard by the necessary government bodies is guaranteed if the objective or cause is valid. Additionally, government bodies are obliged to listen to representative organizations if the objective or cause is valid.


Armed Forces and Defense
==== Armed Forces and Defense ====
 
Article 7:
Article 7:


Line 85: Line 83:
7.2. The law may modify the organization and composition of the army, as well as add, modify, or eliminate its functions according to the context, situation, and need.
7.2. The law may modify the organization and composition of the army, as well as add, modify, or eliminate its functions according to the context, situation, and need.


Compliance with the Constitution and its Application
==== Compliance with the Constitution and its Application ====
 
Article 8:
Article 8:


Line 95: Line 92:
8.3. The Constitution guarantees the principles of legality, normative hierarchy, the publicity of norms, the non-retroactivity of punitive or restrictive provisions of individual rights, legal security, responsibility, and the prohibition of arbitrariness by public authorities.
8.3. The Constitution guarantees the principles of legality, normative hierarchy, the publicity of norms, the non-retroactivity of punitive or restrictive provisions of individual rights, legal security, responsibility, and the prohibition of arbitrariness by public authorities.


Nationality
==== Nationality ====
 
Article 9:
Article 9:


Line 105: Line 101:
9.3. The State may establish dual nationality treaties with countries that have had or have a particular connection with Vallejar.
9.3. The State may establish dual nationality treaties with countries that have had or have a particular connection with Vallejar.


Legal Age
==== Legal Age ====
 
Article 10:
Article 10:


The legal age is reached at 18 years.
The legal age is reached at 18 years.


Foreigners
==== Foreigners ====
 
Article 11:
Article 11:


Line 121: Line 115:
11.3. The law will establish the terms under which citizens of other countries and stateless persons may enjoy the right of asylum in Vallejar.
11.3. The law will establish the terms under which citizens of other countries and stateless persons may enjoy the right of asylum in Vallejar.


Dignity and Fundamental Rights
==== Dignity and Fundamental Rights ====
 
Article 12:
Article 12:


Vallejarians are equal before the law, with no discrimination based on birth, race, sex, religion, opinion, or any other personal or social condition or circumstance.
Vallejarians are equal before the law, with no discrimination based on birth, race, sex, religion, opinion, or any other personal or social condition or circumstance.


Human Dignity and Fundamental Rights
==== Human Dignity and Fundamental Rights ====
 
Article 13:
Article 13:


Line 135: Line 127:
13.2. Rules regarding fundamental rights and freedoms recognized by the Constitution will be interpreted in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international treaties and agreements on the same matters ratified by Vallejar.
13.2. Rules regarding fundamental rights and freedoms recognized by the Constitution will be interpreted in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international treaties and agreements on the same matters ratified by Vallejar.


Right to Life
==== Right to Life ====
 
Article 14:
Article 14:


Everyone has the right to life and physical and moral integrity, although, in necessary cases, they may be subjected to torture. The death penalty is recognized as a measure of justice.
Everyone has the right to life and physical and moral integrity, although, in necessary cases, they may be subjected to torture. The death penalty is recognized as a measure of justice.


Freedom of Ideology, Religion, and Worship
==== Freedom of Ideology, Religion, and Worship ====
 
Article 15:
Article 15:


Line 151: Line 141:
15.3. No confession will have state status. Public authorities will consider the religious beliefs of Vallejarian society and maintain corresponding cooperative relationships with the Vallejarian Church.
15.3. No confession will have state status. Public authorities will consider the religious beliefs of Vallejarian society and maintain corresponding cooperative relationships with the Vallejarian Church.


Right to Freedom and Security
==== Right to Freedom and Security ====
 
Article 16:
Article 16:


Line 163: Line 152:
16.4. The law will regulate a "habeas corpus" procedure to bring the immediate availability of anyone illegally detained before a judicial authority. Also, by law, the maximum duration of pretrial detention will be determined.
16.4. The law will regulate a "habeas corpus" procedure to bring the immediate availability of anyone illegally detained before a judicial authority. Also, by law, the maximum duration of pretrial detention will be determined.


Right to Privacy
==== Right to Privacy ====
 
Article 17:
Article 17:


Line 175: Line 163:
17.4. The law will limit the use of information technology to ensure the honor and personal and family privacy of citizens and the full exercise of their rights.
17.4. The law will limit the use of information technology to ensure the honor and personal and family privacy of citizens and the full exercise of their rights.


Right to Free Movement
==== Right to Free Movement ====
 
Article 18:
Article 18:


Vallejarians have the right to freely choose their residence and move freely within national territory. Likewise, they have the right to enter and leave Vallejar freely, under terms established by law. This right cannot be limited for political or ideological reasons.
Vallejarians have the right to freely choose their residence and move freely within national territory. Likewise, they have the right to enter and leave Vallejar freely, under terms established by law. This right cannot be limited for political or ideological reasons.


Recognition and Protection of Rights
==== Recognition and Protection of Rights ====
 
Article 19:
Article 19:


Line 193: Line 179:
The right to freely communicate or receive truthful information through any means of dissemination is recognized and protected. The law will regulate the right to the confidentiality clause and professional secrecy in the exercise of these freedoms.
The right to freely communicate or receive truthful information through any means of dissemination is recognized and protected. The law will regulate the right to the confidentiality clause and professional secrecy in the exercise of these freedoms.


Right to Peaceful Assembly
==== Right to Peaceful Assembly ====
 
Article 20:
Article 20:


Line 201: Line 186:
20.2. In cases of gatherings in public places and demonstrations, prior notice to the authority will be given, which can only prohibit them when there are well-founded reasons for disturbing public order, with danger to people or property.
20.2. In cases of gatherings in public places and demonstrations, prior notice to the authority will be given, which can only prohibit them when there are well-founded reasons for disturbing public order, with danger to people or property.


Right to Association
==== Right to Association ====
 
Article 21:
Article 21:


Line 215: Line 199:
21.5. Secret and paramilitary associations are prohibited.
21.5. Secret and paramilitary associations are prohibited.


Right to Participate in Public Affairs
==== Right to Participate in Public Affairs ====
 
Article 22:
Article 22:


Line 227: Line 210:
22.4. By law, the duties of citizens in cases of serious risk, catastrophe, or public calamity may be regulated.
22.4. By law, the duties of citizens in cases of serious risk, catastrophe, or public calamity may be regulated.


Financial Contribution and Tax System
==== Financial Contribution and Tax System ====
 
Article 30:
Article 30:


Line 237: Line 219:
30.3. Only personal or property contributions of a public nature may be established in accordance with the law.
30.3. Only personal or property contributions of a public nature may be established in accordance with the law.


Right to Marriage
==== Right to Marriage ====
 
Article 31:
Article 31:


Line 245: Line 226:
31.2. The law will regulate the forms of marriage, age and capacity to contract it, the rights and duties of spouses, causes for separation and dissolution, and their effects
31.2. The law will regulate the forms of marriage, age and capacity to contract it, the rights and duties of spouses, causes for separation and dissolution, and their effects


==== Right to private property ====
Article 32.
Article 32.


Line 253: Line 235:
32.3. No one can be deprived of their property and rights except for justified reasons of public utility or social interest, through the corresponding compensation and in accordance with the provisions of the laws.
32.3. No one can be deprived of their property and rights except for justified reasons of public utility or social interest, through the corresponding compensation and in accordance with the provisions of the laws.


==== Right to establish foundations ====
Article 33.
Article 33.


33.1. The right to establish foundations for general interest purposes is recognized, in accordance with the law.
33.1. The right to establish foundations for general interest purposes is recognized, in accordance with the law.


==== Right and duty to work ====
Article 34.
Article 34.


Line 263: Line 247:
34.2. The law will regulate a statute for workers.
34.2. The law will regulate a statute for workers.


==== Professional Associations ====
Article 35.
Article 35.


The law will regulate the specific characteristics of the legal regime of Professional Associations and the practice of qualified professions. The internal structure and functioning of the Associations must be democratic.
The law will regulate the specific characteristics of the legal regime of Professional Associations and the practice of qualified professions. The internal structure and functioning of the Associations must be democratic.


==== Right to collective labor negotiation ====
Article 36.
Article 36.


Line 273: Line 259:
36.2. The right of workers and employers to take collective conflict measures is recognized. The law regulating the exercise of this right, without prejudice to the limitations that may be established, will include the necessary guarantees to ensure the functioning of essential community services.
36.2. The right of workers and employers to take collective conflict measures is recognized. The law regulating the exercise of this right, without prejudice to the limitations that may be established, will include the necessary guarantees to ensure the functioning of essential community services.


==== Freedom of enterprise ====
Article 37.
Article 37.


The freedom of enterprise is recognized within the framework of a market economy. Public authorities guarantee and protect its exercise and the defense of productivity, in accordance with the requirements of the general economy and, where appropriate, its planning.
The freedom of enterprise is recognized within the framework of a market economy. Public authorities guarantee and protect its exercise and the defense of productivity, in accordance with the requirements of the general economy and, where appropriate, its planning.


==== Family and children ====
Article 38.
Article 38.


Line 287: Line 275:
38.4. Children will enjoy the protection provided in international agreements that safeguard their rights.
38.4. Children will enjoy the protection provided in international agreements that safeguard their rights.


==== Employment and work ====
Article 39.
Article 39.


Line 293: Line 282:
39.2. Likewise, public authorities will promote a policy that guarantees professional training and adaptation; they will ensure safety and hygiene at work and guarantee necessary rest, through the limitation of the working day, paid periodic vacations, and the promotion of suitable centers.
39.2. Likewise, public authorities will promote a policy that guarantees professional training and adaptation; they will ensure safety and hygiene at work and guarantee necessary rest, through the limitation of the working day, paid periodic vacations, and the promotion of suitable centers.


==== Vallejarian Backpack ====
Article 40.
Article 40.


A "Vallejarian Backpack" system will be maintained for all citizens in a generic manner, ensuring private management of the workers' own assets in all cases.
A "Vallejarian Backpack" system will be maintained for all citizens in a generic manner, ensuring private management of the workers' own assets in all cases.


==== Protection of the worker's rights ====
Article 41.
Article 41.


The State will especially ensure the safeguarding of the economic and social rights of Vallejarian workers abroad and will orient its policy towards their return.
The State will especially ensure the safeguarding of the economic and social rights of Vallejarian workers abroad and will orient its policy towards their return.


==== Right to health ====
Article 42.
Article 42.


Line 309: Line 301:
42.3. Public authorities will promote health education, physical education, and sports. They will also facilitate the appropriate use of leisure.
42.3. Public authorities will promote health education, physical education, and sports. They will also facilitate the appropriate use of leisure.


==== Right to culture ====
Article 43.
Article 43.


Line 315: Line 308:
43.2. Public authorities will promote science and scientific and technical research for the benefit of the general interest.
43.2. Public authorities will promote science and scientific and technical research for the benefit of the general interest.


===== Protection of the environment =====
Article 44.
Article 44.


44.1. Everyone has the right to enjoy an environment suitable for the development of the individual, as well as the duty to preserve it.
44.1. Everyone has the right to enjoy an environment suitable for the development of the individual, as well as the duty to preserve it.


44.2. Public authorities will ensure the rational use of all natural resources, in order to protect and improve the quality of life and defend and restore the environment, relying on indispensable collective solidarity. 44.3. For those who violate the provisions of the previous paragraph, sanctions will be established, as provided by law, both criminal and, where appropriate, administrative, as well as the obligation to repair the damage caused.
44.2. Public authorities will ensure the rational use of all natural resources, in order to protect and improve the quality of life and defend and restore the environment, relying on indispensable collective solidarity.  


44.3. For those who violate the provisions of the previous paragraph, sanctions will be established, as provided by law, both criminal and, where appropriate, administrative, as well as the obligation to repair the damage caused.
==== Conservation of culture's people ====
Article 45.
Article 45.


Public authorities will guarantee the conservation and promote the enrichment of the historical, cultural, and artistic heritage of the peoples of Vallejar and the assets that make it up, regardless of their legal status and ownership. The law will penalize offenses against this heritage.
Public authorities will guarantee the conservation and promote the enrichment of the historical, cultural, and artistic heritage of the peoples of Vallejar and the assets that make it up, regardless of their legal status and ownership. The law will penalize offenses against this heritage.


==== Right to housing ====
Article 46.
Article 46.


All Vallejarians have the right to enjoy decent and adequate housing. Public authorities will promote the necessary conditions and establish relevant regulations to make this right effective, regulating land use according to the general interest to prevent speculation.
All Vallejarians have the right to enjoy decent and adequate housing. Public authorities will promote the necessary conditions and establish relevant regulations to make this right effective, regulating land use according to the general interest to prevent speculation.


==== Participation of youth ====
Article 47.
Article 47.


Public authorities will promote conditions for the free and effective participation of youth in political, social, economic, and cultural development.
Public authorities will promote conditions for the free and effective participation of youth in political, social, economic, and cultural development.


==== Special needs ====
Article 48.
Article 48.


Public authorities will carry out a policy of prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and integration of physically, sensory, and mentally impaired individuals, to whom they will provide the specialized attention they require and will protect them especially for the enjoyment of the rights granted to all citizens in this regard.
Public authorities will carry out a policy of prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and integration of physically, sensory, and mentally impaired individuals, to whom they will provide the specialized attention they require and will protect them especially for the enjoyment of the rights granted to all citizens in this regard.


==== Vallejarian Backpack for old age ====
Article 49.
Article 49.


The "Vallejarian Backpack" will be the method used to ensure economic sufficiency for citizens during old age. Additionally, and regardless of family obligations, public authorities will promote their well-being through a social services system that will address their specific health, housing, cultural, and leisure problems.
The "Vallejarian Backpack" will be the method used to ensure economic sufficiency for citizens during old age. Additionally, and regardless of family obligations, public authorities will promote their well-being through a social services system that will address their specific health, housing, cultural, and leisure problems.


==== Internal comerce ====
Article 50.
Article 50.


50.1. Public authorities will guarantee the defense of the economic and social rights of Vallejarian workers, protecting, through effective procedures, their safety, health, and legitimate economic interests.
50.1. Public authorities will guarantee the defense of the economic and social rights of Vallejarian workers, protecting, through effective procedures, their safety, health, and legitimate economic interests.


50.2. Public authorities will promote information and education for consumers and users, encourage their organizations, and hear them on issues that may affect them, in the terms established by law. 50.3. Within the framework of the provisions of the previous sections, the law will regulate internal trade and the authorization regime for commercial products.
50.2. Public authorities will promote information and education for consumers and users, encourage their organizations, and hear them on issues that may affect them, in the terms established by law.  
 
50.3. Within the framework of the provisions of the previous sections, the law will regulate internal trade and the authorization regime for commercial products.


==== Professional organizations ====
Article 51.
Article 51.


The law will regulate professional organizations that contribute to the defense of their economic interests.
The law will regulate professional organizations that contribute to the defense of their economic interests.


==== The king ====
Article 52.
Article 52.


Line 357: Line 363:
52.3. The person of the King is not inviolable and can be charged with any crime or illegality contrary to the constitution, the law, or the will of the people.
52.3. The person of the King is not inviolable and can be charged with any crime or illegality contrary to the constitution, the law, or the will of the people.


==== The monarchy ====
Article 53.
Article 53.


Line 367: Line 374:
53.4. If the king abdicates, the position of head of state automatically passes to the firstborn; if the firstborn is not of legal age, he must be advised by the principal minister of God until he reaches the age of majority.
53.4. If the king abdicates, the position of head of state automatically passes to the firstborn; if the firstborn is not of legal age, he must be advised by the principal minister of God until he reaches the age of majority.


==== Consort ====
Article 54.
Article 54.


The Queen consort or the consort of the Queen cannot assume constitutional functions, except as provided for the Regency.
The Queen consort or the consort of the Queen cannot assume constitutional functions, except as provided for the Regency.


==== King's powers ====
Article 55.
Article 55.


Line 397: Line 406:
k) Accredit ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives.
k) Accredit ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives.


==== Economical support to monarchy ====
Article 56.
Article 56.


Line 403: Line 413:
56.2. The King freely appoints and relieves civilian and military members of his House.
56.2. The King freely appoints and relieves civilian and military members of his House.


==== king's duties ====
Article 57.
Article 57.


Line 411: Line 422:
57.3. The royal house is inviolable unless there is evidence of any illicit activity.
57.3. The royal house is inviolable unless there is evidence of any illicit activity.


==== Royal Decree ====
Article 58.
Article 58.


There is only one type of decree, the "Royal Decree," which serves to communicate laws and decisions of the king for the management and good administration of the state in general.
There is only one type of decree, the "Royal Decree", which serves to communicate laws and decisions of the king for the management and good administration of the state in general.


==== Basic duties of government ====
Article 59.
Article 59.


The Government directs domestic and foreign policy, civil and military administration, and the defense of the State. It exercises regulatory power in accordance with the Constitution and laws.
The Government directs domestic and foreign policy, civil and military administration, and the defense of the State. It exercises regulatory power in accordance with the Constitution and laws.


==== Government composition ====
Article 60.
Article 60.


Line 429: Line 443:
60.4. Secondary ministers of God must be highly qualified in their respective fields, and their functions are designated by the king, with no specific number of secondary ministers of God.
60.4. Secondary ministers of God must be highly qualified in their respective fields, and their functions are designated by the king, with no specific number of secondary ministers of God.


==== Public Administration ====
Article 61.
Article 61.


Line 437: Line 452:
61.3. The law will regulate the status of civil servants, access to public service based on the principles of merit and capacity, the peculiarities of exercising their right to unionization, the system of incompatibilities, and the guarantees for impartiality in the exercise of their functions.
61.3. The law will regulate the status of civil servants, access to public service based on the principles of merit and capacity, the peculiarities of exercising their right to unionization, the system of incompatibilities, and the guarantees for impartiality in the exercise of their functions.


==== Armed Forces and Security Forces ====
Article 62.
Article 62.


Line 443: Line 459:
62.2. A law will determine the functions, basic principles of action, and statutes of the Armed Forces and Security Forces.
62.2. A law will determine the functions, basic principles of action, and statutes of the Armed Forces and Security Forces.


==== Regulation laws ====
Article 63.
Article 63.


Line 453: Line 470:
c) The procedure through which administrative acts must be produced, ensuring, when appropriate, the hearing of the interested party.
c) The procedure through which administrative acts must be produced, ensuring, when appropriate, the hearing of the interested party.


==== Courts ====
Article 64.
Article 64.


Line 459: Line 477:
64.2. Individuals, as established by law, have the right to be compensated for any damage they suffer in any of their property and rights, except in cases of force majeure, provided that the damage is a consequence of the operation of public services.
64.2. Individuals, as established by law, have the right to be compensated for any damage they suffer in any of their property and rights, except in cases of force majeure, provided that the damage is a consequence of the operation of public services.


==== Council of State ====
Article 65.
Article 65.


The Council of State is the supreme advisory body to the Government. A law will regulate its composition and competence.
The Council of State is the supreme advisory body to the Government. A law will regulate its composition and competence.


==== Declaration of alarm, exception and siege status ====
Article 66.
Article 66.


66.1. An organic law will regulate states of alarm, exception, and siege, as well as the corresponding powers and limitations.
66.1. An law will regulate states of alarm, exception, and siege, as well as the corresponding powers and limitations.


66.2. The state of alarm will be declared by the Government through a decree agreed upon in the Council of Ministers for a maximum period of fifteen days. The decree will determine the territorial scope to which the effects of the declaration extend.
66.2. The state of alarm will be declared by the Government for a maximum period of fifteen days. The decree will determine the territorial scope to which the effects of the declaration extend.


66.3 The state of exception will be declared by the Government through a decree agreed upon in the Council of Ministers. The authorization and proclamation of the state of exception must expressly determine its effects, the territorial scope to which it extends, and its duration, which cannot exceed thirty days, extendable for another equal period, with the same requirements.
66.3 The state of exception will be declared by the Government through a decree . The authorization and proclamation of the state of exception must expressly determine its effects, the territorial scope to which it extends, and its duration, which cannot exceed thirty days, extendable for another equal period, with the same requirements.


66.4. The state of siege will be declared by an absolute majority of the Congress of Deputies, on the exclusive proposal of the Government. The king will determine the territorial scope, duration, and conditions.
66.4. The state of siege will be declared by the king. The king will determine the territorial scope, duration, and conditions.


66.5. The declaration of states of alarm, exception, and siege will not modify the principle of the Government's and its agents' responsibility as recognized in the Constitution and laws.
66.5. The declaration of states of alarm, exception, and siege will not modify the principle of the Government's and its agents' responsibility as recognized in the Constitution and laws.


==== Justice ====
Article 67.
Article 67.


Line 541: Line 562:
The judicial police depend on the Judges, Tribunals, and the Public Prosecutor's Office in their functions of investigating the crime and discovering and securing the offender, on the terms established by law.
The judicial police depend on the Judges, Tribunals, and the Public Prosecutor's Office in their functions of investigating the crime and discovering and securing the offender, on the terms established by law.


==== General economic interest ====
Article 77.
Article 77.


Line 547: Line 569:
77.2. Public initiative in economic activity is recognized. By law, resources or essential services, especially in the case of a monopoly, may be reserved for the public sector, and companies may be intervened when the general interest so requires.
77.2. Public initiative in economic activity is recognized. By law, resources or essential services, especially in the case of a monopoly, may be reserved for the public sector, and companies may be intervened when the general interest so requires.


==== Cooperative societies ====
Article 78.
Article 78.


Public authorities will effectively promote various forms of participation in the company and encourage, through appropriate legislation, cooperative societies. They will also establish the means that facilitate workers' access to the ownership of the means of production.
Public authorities will effectively promote various forms of participation in the company and encourage, through appropriate legislation, cooperative societies. They will also establish the means that facilitate workers' access to the ownership of the means of production.


==== Modernization of economic sectors ====
Article 79.
Article 79.


Line 557: Line 581:
79.2. For the same purpose, special treatment will be given to mountainous areas.
79.2. For the same purpose, special treatment will be given to mountainous areas.


==== General economic activity ====
Article 80.
Article 80.


Line 563: Line 588:
80.2. The Government will develop planning projects, according to the needs of each area and part of the state. To this end, a Council will be constituted, whose composition and functions will be developed by law.
80.2. The Government will develop planning projects, according to the needs of each area and part of the state. To this end, a Council will be constituted, whose composition and functions will be developed by law.


==== Public property ====
Article 81.
Article 81.


Line 571: Line 597:
81.3. By law, the State's Heritage and National Heritage, its administration, defense, and conservation will be regulated.
81.3. By law, the State's Heritage and National Heritage, its administration, defense, and conservation will be regulated.


==== Taxes ====
Article 82.
Article 82.


82.1. The original power to establish taxes belongs exclusively to the State, by law.
82.1. The original power to establish taxes belongs exclusively to the State, by law.


82.2. The Autonomous Communities and Local Corporations may establish and demand taxes, in accordance with the Constitution and the laws.
82.2. The Local Corporations may establish and demand taxes, in accordance with the Constitution and the laws.


82.3. Any tax benefit affecting State taxes must be established by law.
82.3. Any tax benefit affecting State taxes must be established by law.
Line 581: Line 608:
82.4. Public administrations may only incur financial obligations and make expenditures in accordance with the laws.
82.4. Public administrations may only incur financial obligations and make expenditures in accordance with the laws.


==== Duties, obligations and functions of the government ====
Article 83.
Article 83.


Line 611: Line 639:
c) The responsibility of each Public Administration in case of non-compliance with budgetary stability objectives.
c) The responsibility of each Public Administration in case of non-compliance with budgetary stability objectives.


==== State divisions ====
Article 85.
Article 85.


The State is territorially organized into municipalities and administrative areas. Municipalities have autonomy for the management of their respective interests.
The State is territorially organized into municipalities and administrative areas. Municipalities have autonomy for the management of their respective interests.


==== Equality and freedom of movement ====
Article 86.
Article 86.


Line 621: Line 651:
86.2. No authority may take measures that directly or indirectly obstruct the freedom of movement and establishment of individuals and the free movement of goods throughout Vallejar's territory.
86.2. No authority may take measures that directly or indirectly obstruct the freedom of movement and establishment of individuals and the free movement of goods throughout Vallejar's territory.


==== Autonomy of municipalities ====
Article 87.
Article 87.


The Constitution guarantees the autonomy of municipalities. They will have full legal personality. Their government and administration belong to their respective City Councils, composed of Mayors and Councilors. Councilors will be elected by the residents of the municipality through universal, equal, free, direct, and secret suffrage, in the manner established by law. Mayors will be elected by the Councilors or by the residents. The law will regulate the conditions under which the open council regime is applicable.
The Constitution guarantees the autonomy of municipalities. They will have full legal personality. Their government and administration belong to their respective City Councils, composed of Mayors and Councilors. Councilors will be elected by the residents of the municipality through universal, equal, free, direct, and secret suffrage, in the manner established by law. Mayors will be elected by the Councilors or by the residents. The law will regulate the conditions under which the open council regime is applicable.


==== Municipalities ====
Article 88.
Article 88.


88.1. The province is a local entity with its own legal personality, determined by the grouping of municipalities and territorial division for the fulfillment of State activities. Any alteration of provincial boundaries must be approved by the Cortes Generales by means of an organic law.
88.1. The municipalities are the local entities for each municipality and locality, municipalities and territorial division for the fulfillment of State activities. Any alteration of provincial boundaries must be approved by the Cortes Generales by means of an organic law.


88.2. The government and autonomous administration of the provinces will be entrusted to Councils or other representative Corporations.
88.2. The government and autonomous administration of the municipalities will be entrusted to Councils or other representative Corporations.


88.3. Associations of different municipalities may be created.
88.3. Associations of different municipalities may be created.


==== Local Treasuries ====
Article 89.
Article 89.


Local Treasuries must have sufficient means to perform the functions that the law assigns to the respective Corporations and will be mainly funded by their own taxes and participation in those of the State.
Local Treasuries must have sufficient means to perform the functions that the law assigns to the respective Corporations and will be mainly funded by their own taxes and participation in those of the State.


==== State competences ====
Article 90.
Article 90.


Line 705: Line 739:
32. Authorization for the convening of popular consultations by referendum.
32. Authorization for the convening of popular consultations by referendum.


Article 91.
==== King's special power ====


==== Article 91. ====
This article gives the monarch absolute power over the state and all the goods and resources within it to face situations of extreme urgency and danger to the state in any of its areas. It also allows the king to ignore the constitution and act according to his own assessment in situations that require immediate urgency. This article will only be implemented under direct order of the monarch.
This article gives the monarch absolute power over the state and all the goods and resources within it to face situations of extreme urgency and danger to the state in any of its areas. It also allows the king to ignore the constitution and act according to his own assessment in situations that require immediate urgency. This article will only be implemented under direct order of the monarch.
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306

edits

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